[5.1.x] Fixed #35665 -- Fixed a crash when passing an empty order_by to Window.

This also caused un-ordered sliced prefetches to crash as they rely on Window.

Regression in e16d0c176e9b89628cdec5e58c418378c4a2436a that made OrderByList
piggy-back ExpressionList without porting the empty handling that the latter
provided.

Supporting explicit empty ordering on Window functions and slicing is arguably
a foot-gun design due to how backends will return undeterministic results but
this is a problem that requires a larger discussion.

Refs #35064.

Thanks Andrew Backer for the report and Mariusz for the review.

Backport of 602fe961e6834d665f2359087a1272e9f9806b71 from main.

3 files changed, 29 insertions, 5 deletions

diff --git a/tests/expressions/tests.py b/tests/expressions/tests.py
index 64103f14db..5bc98eed4d 100644
--- a/tests/expressions/tests.py
+++ b/tests/expressions/tests.py
@@ -2311,11 +2311,6 @@ class ValueTests(TestCase):
         self.assertNotEqual(value, other_value)
         self.assertNotEqual(value, no_output_field)
 
-    def test_raise_empty_expressionlist(self):
-        msg = "ExpressionList requires at least one expression"
-        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
-            ExpressionList()
-
     def test_compile_unresolved(self):
         # This test might need to be revisited later on if #25425 is enforced.
         compiler = Time.objects.all().query.get_compiler(connection=connection)
diff --git a/tests/expressions_window/tests.py b/tests/expressions_window/tests.py
index fd674e319b..fd9858ccf9 100644
--- a/tests/expressions_window/tests.py
+++ b/tests/expressions_window/tests.py
@@ -928,6 +928,20 @@ class WindowFunctionTests(TestCase):
             ),
         )
 
+    def test_empty_ordering(self):
+        """
+        Explicit empty ordering makes little sense but it is something that
+        was historically allowed.
+        """
+        qs = Employee.objects.annotate(
+            sum=Window(
+                expression=Sum("salary"),
+                partition_by="department",
+                order_by=[],
+            )
+        ).order_by("department", "sum")
+        self.assertEqual(len(qs), 12)
+
     def test_related_ordering_with_count(self):
         qs = Employee.objects.annotate(
             department_sum=Window(
diff --git a/tests/prefetch_related/tests.py b/tests/prefetch_related/tests.py
index a418beb5a5..9b1dfdd0d1 100644
--- a/tests/prefetch_related/tests.py
+++ b/tests/prefetch_related/tests.py
@@ -1999,6 +1999,21 @@ class PrefetchLimitTests(TestDataMixin, TestCase):
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(NotSupportedError, msg):
             list(Book.objects.prefetch_related(Prefetch("authors", authors[1:])))
 
+    @skipUnlessDBFeature("supports_over_clause")
+    def test_empty_order(self):
+        authors = Author.objects.order_by()
+        with self.assertNumQueries(3):
+            books = list(
+                Book.objects.prefetch_related(
+                    Prefetch("authors", authors),
+                    Prefetch("authors", authors[:1], to_attr="authors_sliced"),
+                )
+            )
+        for book in books:
+            with self.subTest(book=book):
+                self.assertEqual(len(book.authors_sliced), 1)
+                self.assertIn(book.authors_sliced[0], list(book.authors.all()))
+
 
 class DeprecationTests(TestCase):
     def test_get_current_queryset_warning(self):