Fixed #34140 -- Reformatted code blocks in docs with blacken-docs.

9 files changed, 143 insertions, 117 deletions

diff --git a/docs/intro/contributing.txt b/docs/intro/contributing.txt
index 0a9189e907..c8601cb14d 100644
--- a/docs/intro/contributing.txt
+++ b/docs/intro/contributing.txt
@@ -326,7 +326,7 @@ Navigate to Django's ``tests/shortcuts/`` folder and create a new file
 
     class MakeToastTests(SimpleTestCase):
         def test_make_toast(self):
-            self.assertEqual(make_toast(), 'toast')
+            self.assertEqual(make_toast(), "toast")
 
 This test checks that the ``make_toast()`` returns ``'toast'``.
 
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ Navigate to the ``django/`` folder and open the ``shortcuts.py`` file. At the
 bottom, add::
 
     def make_toast():
-        return 'toast'
+        return "toast"
 
 Now we need to make sure that the test we wrote earlier passes, so we can see
 whether the code we added is working correctly. Again, navigate to the Django
diff --git a/docs/intro/overview.txt b/docs/intro/overview.txt
index efdf77b1d9..8314b3d351 100644
--- a/docs/intro/overview.txt
+++ b/docs/intro/overview.txt
@@ -30,12 +30,14 @@ database-schema problems. Here's a quick example:
 
     from django.db import models
 
+
     class Reporter(models.Model):
         full_name = models.CharField(max_length=70)
 
         def __str__(self):
             return self.full_name
 
+
     class Article(models.Model):
         pub_date = models.DateField()
         headline = models.CharField(max_length=200)
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ necessary:
     <QuerySet []>
 
     # Create a new Reporter.
-    >>> r = Reporter(full_name='John Smith')
+    >>> r = Reporter(full_name="John Smith")
 
     # Save the object into the database. You have to call save() explicitly.
     >>> r.save()
@@ -98,9 +100,9 @@ necessary:
     # Django provides a rich database lookup API.
     >>> Reporter.objects.get(id=1)
     <Reporter: John Smith>
-    >>> Reporter.objects.get(full_name__startswith='John')
+    >>> Reporter.objects.get(full_name__startswith="John")
     <Reporter: John Smith>
-    >>> Reporter.objects.get(full_name__contains='mith')
+    >>> Reporter.objects.get(full_name__contains="mith")
     <Reporter: John Smith>
     >>> Reporter.objects.get(id=2)
     Traceback (most recent call last):
@@ -109,8 +111,9 @@ necessary:
 
     # Create an article.
     >>> from datetime import date
-    >>> a = Article(pub_date=date.today(), headline='Django is cool',
-    ...     content='Yeah.', reporter=r)
+    >>> a = Article(
+    ...     pub_date=date.today(), headline="Django is cool", content="Yeah.", reporter=r
+    ... )
     >>> a.save()
 
     # Now the article is in the database.
@@ -129,11 +132,11 @@ necessary:
     # The API follows relationships as far as you need, performing efficient
     # JOINs for you behind the scenes.
     # This finds all articles by a reporter whose name starts with "John".
-    >>> Article.objects.filter(reporter__full_name__startswith='John')
+    >>> Article.objects.filter(reporter__full_name__startswith="John")
     <QuerySet [<Article: Django is cool>]>
 
     # Change an object by altering its attributes and calling save().
-    >>> r.full_name = 'Billy Goat'
+    >>> r.full_name = "Billy Goat"
     >>> r.save()
 
     # Delete an object with delete().
@@ -152,6 +155,7 @@ only step required is to register your model in the admin site:
 
     from django.db import models
 
+
     class Article(models.Model):
         pub_date = models.DateField()
         headline = models.CharField(max_length=200)
@@ -198,9 +202,9 @@ example above:
     from . import views
 
     urlpatterns = [
-        path('articles/<int:year>/', views.year_archive),
-        path('articles/<int:year>/<int:month>/', views.month_archive),
-        path('articles/<int:year>/<int:month>/<int:pk>/', views.article_detail),
+        path("articles/<int:year>/", views.year_archive),
+        path("articles/<int:year>/<int:month>/", views.month_archive),
+        path("articles/<int:year>/<int:month>/<int:pk>/", views.article_detail),
     ]
 
 The code above maps URL paths to Python callback functions ("views"). The path
@@ -237,10 +241,11 @@ and renders the template with the retrieved data. Here's an example view for
 
     from .models import Article
 
+
     def year_archive(request, year):
         a_list = Article.objects.filter(pub_date__year=year)
-        context = {'year': year, 'article_list': a_list}
-        return render(request, 'news/year_archive.html', context)
+        context = {"year": year, "article_list": a_list}
+        return render(request, "news/year_archive.html", context)
 
 This example uses Django's :doc:`template system </topics/templates>`, which has
 several powerful features but strives to stay simple enough for non-programmers
diff --git a/docs/intro/reusable-apps.txt b/docs/intro/reusable-apps.txt
index 5fc72ab6d7..f402b6081e 100644
--- a/docs/intro/reusable-apps.txt
+++ b/docs/intro/reusable-apps.txt
@@ -164,12 +164,12 @@ this. For a small app like polls, this process isn't too difficult.
 
            INSTALLED_APPS = [
                ...,
-               'polls',
+               "polls",
            ]
 
        2. Include the polls URLconf in your project urls.py like this::
 
-           path('polls/', include('polls.urls')),
+           path("polls/", include("polls.urls")),
 
        3. Run ``python manage.py migrate`` to create the polls models.
 
diff --git a/docs/intro/tutorial01.txt b/docs/intro/tutorial01.txt
index d9142e7a03..cb296129c0 100644
--- a/docs/intro/tutorial01.txt
+++ b/docs/intro/tutorial01.txt
@@ -286,7 +286,7 @@ In the ``polls/urls.py`` file include the following code:
     from . import views
 
     urlpatterns = [
-        path('', views.index, name='index'),
+        path("", views.index, name="index"),
     ]
 
 The next step is to point the root URLconf at the ``polls.urls`` module. In
@@ -300,8 +300,8 @@ The next step is to point the root URLconf at the ``polls.urls`` module. In
     from django.urls import include, path
 
     urlpatterns = [
-        path('polls/', include('polls.urls')),
-        path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
+        path("polls/", include("polls.urls")),
+        path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
     ]
 
 The :func:`~django.urls.include` function allows referencing other URLconfs.
diff --git a/docs/intro/tutorial02.txt b/docs/intro/tutorial02.txt
index e01975aeed..6ba70ddc1c 100644
--- a/docs/intro/tutorial02.txt
+++ b/docs/intro/tutorial02.txt
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ These concepts are represented by Python classes. Edit the
 
     class Question(models.Model):
         question_text = models.CharField(max_length=200)
-        pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')
+        pub_date = models.DateTimeField("date published")
 
 
     class Choice(models.Model):
@@ -220,13 +220,13 @@ this:
     :caption: ``mysite/settings.py``
 
     INSTALLED_APPS = [
-        'polls.apps.PollsConfig',
-        'django.contrib.admin',
-        'django.contrib.auth',
-        'django.contrib.contenttypes',
-        'django.contrib.sessions',
-        'django.contrib.messages',
-        'django.contrib.staticfiles',
+        "polls.apps.PollsConfig",
+        "django.contrib.admin",
+        "django.contrib.auth",
+        "django.contrib.contenttypes",
+        "django.contrib.sessions",
+        "django.contrib.messages",
+        "django.contrib.staticfiles",
     ]
 
 Now Django knows to include the ``polls`` app. Let's run another command:
@@ -430,11 +430,13 @@ representation of this object. Let's fix that by editing the ``Question`` model
 
     from django.db import models
 
+
     class Question(models.Model):
         # ...
         def __str__(self):
             return self.question_text
 
+
     class Choice(models.Model):
         # ...
         def __str__(self):
@@ -484,7 +486,7 @@ Save these changes and start a new Python interactive shell by running
     # keyword arguments.
     >>> Question.objects.filter(id=1)
     <QuerySet [<Question: What's up?>]>
-    >>> Question.objects.filter(question_text__startswith='What')
+    >>> Question.objects.filter(question_text__startswith="What")
     <QuerySet [<Question: What's up?>]>
 
     # Get the question that was published this year.
@@ -522,11 +524,11 @@ Save these changes and start a new Python interactive shell by running
     <QuerySet []>
 
     # Create three choices.
-    >>> q.choice_set.create(choice_text='Not much', votes=0)
+    >>> q.choice_set.create(choice_text="Not much", votes=0)
     <Choice: Not much>
-    >>> q.choice_set.create(choice_text='The sky', votes=0)
+    >>> q.choice_set.create(choice_text="The sky", votes=0)
     <Choice: The sky>
-    >>> c = q.choice_set.create(choice_text='Just hacking again', votes=0)
+    >>> c = q.choice_set.create(choice_text="Just hacking again", votes=0)
 
     # Choice objects have API access to their related Question objects.
     >>> c.question
@@ -547,7 +549,7 @@ Save these changes and start a new Python interactive shell by running
     <QuerySet [<Choice: Not much>, <Choice: The sky>, <Choice: Just hacking again>]>
 
     # Let's delete one of the choices. Use delete() for that.
-    >>> c = q.choice_set.filter(choice_text__startswith='Just hacking')
+    >>> c = q.choice_set.filter(choice_text__startswith="Just hacking")
     >>> c.delete()
 
 For more information on model relations, see :doc:`Accessing related objects
diff --git a/docs/intro/tutorial03.txt b/docs/intro/tutorial03.txt
index c0b3b00a51..04bd83ae52 100644
--- a/docs/intro/tutorial03.txt
+++ b/docs/intro/tutorial03.txt
@@ -75,10 +75,12 @@ slightly different, because they take an argument:
     def detail(request, question_id):
         return HttpResponse("You're looking at question %s." % question_id)
 
+
     def results(request, question_id):
         response = "You're looking at the results of question %s."
         return HttpResponse(response % question_id)
 
+
     def vote(request, question_id):
         return HttpResponse("You're voting on question %s." % question_id)
 
@@ -94,13 +96,13 @@ Wire these new views into the ``polls.urls`` module by adding the following
 
     urlpatterns = [
         # ex: /polls/
-        path('', views.index, name='index'),
+        path("", views.index, name="index"),
         # ex: /polls/5/
-        path('<int:question_id>/', views.detail, name='detail'),
+        path("<int:question_id>/", views.detail, name="detail"),
         # ex: /polls/5/results/
-        path('<int:question_id>/results/', views.results, name='results'),
+        path("<int:question_id>/results/", views.results, name="results"),
         # ex: /polls/5/vote/
-        path('<int:question_id>/vote/', views.vote, name='vote'),
+        path("<int:question_id>/vote/", views.vote, name="vote"),
     ]
 
 Take a look in your browser, at "/polls/34/". It'll run the ``detail()``
@@ -157,10 +159,11 @@ commas, according to publication date:
 
 
     def index(request):
-        latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
-        output = ', '.join([q.question_text for q in latest_question_list])
+        latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by("-pub_date")[:5]
+        output = ", ".join([q.question_text for q in latest_question_list])
         return HttpResponse(output)
 
+
     # Leave the rest of the views (detail, results, vote) unchanged
 
 There's a problem here, though: the page's design is hard-coded in the view. If
@@ -229,10 +232,10 @@ Now let's update our ``index`` view in ``polls/views.py`` to use the template:
 
 
     def index(request):
-        latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
-        template = loader.get_template('polls/index.html')
+        latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by("-pub_date")[:5]
+        template = loader.get_template("polls/index.html")
         context = {
-            'latest_question_list': latest_question_list,
+            "latest_question_list": latest_question_list,
         }
         return HttpResponse(template.render(context, request))
 
@@ -261,9 +264,9 @@ rewritten:
 
 
     def index(request):
-        latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
-        context = {'latest_question_list': latest_question_list}
-        return render(request, 'polls/index.html', context)
+        latest_question_list = Question.objects.order_by("-pub_date")[:5]
+        context = {"latest_question_list": latest_question_list}
+        return render(request, "polls/index.html", context)
 
 Note that once we've done this in all these views, we no longer need to import
 :mod:`~django.template.loader` and :class:`~django.http.HttpResponse` (you'll
@@ -288,13 +291,15 @@ for a given poll. Here's the view:
     from django.shortcuts import render
 
     from .models import Question
+
+
     # ...
     def detail(request, question_id):
         try:
             question = Question.objects.get(pk=question_id)
         except Question.DoesNotExist:
             raise Http404("Question does not exist")
-        return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question})
+        return render(request, "polls/detail.html", {"question": question})
 
 The new concept here: The view raises the :exc:`~django.http.Http404` exception
 if a question with the requested ID doesn't exist.
@@ -323,10 +328,12 @@ provides a shortcut. Here's the ``detail()`` view, rewritten:
     from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, render
 
     from .models import Question
+
+
     # ...
     def detail(request, question_id):
         question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
-        return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {'question': question})
+        return render(request, "polls/detail.html", {"question": question})
 
 The :func:`~django.shortcuts.get_object_or_404` function takes a Django model
 as its first argument and an arbitrary number of keyword arguments, which it
@@ -408,7 +415,7 @@ defined below::
 
     ...
     # the 'name' value as called by the {% url %} template tag
-    path('<int:question_id>/', views.detail, name='detail'),
+    path("<int:question_id>/", views.detail, name="detail"),
     ...
 
 If you want to change the URL of the polls detail view to something else,
@@ -417,7 +424,7 @@ template (or templates) you would change it in ``polls/urls.py``::
 
     ...
     # added the word 'specifics'
-    path('specifics/<int:question_id>/', views.detail, name='detail'),
+    path("specifics/<int:question_id>/", views.detail, name="detail"),
     ...
 
 Namespacing URL names
@@ -440,12 +447,12 @@ file, go ahead and add an ``app_name`` to set the application namespace:
 
     from . import views
 
-    app_name = 'polls'
+    app_name = "polls"
     urlpatterns = [
-        path('', views.index, name='index'),
-        path('<int:question_id>/', views.detail, name='detail'),
-        path('<int:question_id>/results/', views.results, name='results'),
-        path('<int:question_id>/vote/', views.vote, name='vote'),
+        path("", views.index, name="index"),
+        path("<int:question_id>/", views.detail, name="detail"),
+        path("<int:question_id>/results/", views.results, name="results"),
+        path("<int:question_id>/vote/", views.vote, name="vote"),
     ]
 
 Now change your ``polls/index.html`` template from:
diff --git a/docs/intro/tutorial04.txt b/docs/intro/tutorial04.txt
index 5deb80047d..726808a93d 100644
--- a/docs/intro/tutorial04.txt
+++ b/docs/intro/tutorial04.txt
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ created a URLconf for the polls application that includes this line:
 .. code-block:: python
     :caption: ``polls/urls.py``
 
-    path('<int:question_id>/vote/', views.vote, name='vote'),
+    path("<int:question_id>/vote/", views.vote, name="vote"),
 
 We also created a dummy implementation of the ``vote()`` function. Let's
 create a real version. Add the following to ``polls/views.py``:
@@ -79,24 +79,30 @@ create a real version. Add the following to ``polls/views.py``:
     from django.urls import reverse
 
     from .models import Choice, Question
+
+
     # ...
     def vote(request, question_id):
         question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
         try:
-            selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST['choice'])
+            selected_choice = question.choice_set.get(pk=request.POST["choice"])
         except (KeyError, Choice.DoesNotExist):
             # Redisplay the question voting form.
-            return render(request, 'polls/detail.html', {
-                'question': question,
-                'error_message': "You didn't select a choice.",
-            })
+            return render(
+                request,
+                "polls/detail.html",
+                {
+                    "question": question,
+                    "error_message": "You didn't select a choice.",
+                },
+            )
         else:
             selected_choice.votes += 1
             selected_choice.save()
             # Always return an HttpResponseRedirect after successfully dealing
             # with POST data. This prevents data from being posted twice if a
             # user hits the Back button.
-            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('polls:results', args=(question.id,)))
+            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse("polls:results", args=(question.id,)))
 
 This code includes a few things we haven't covered yet in this tutorial:
 
@@ -138,7 +144,7 @@ This code includes a few things we haven't covered yet in this tutorial:
   this :func:`~django.urls.reverse` call will return a string like
   ::
 
-    '/polls/3/results/'
+    "/polls/3/results/"
 
   where the ``3`` is the value of ``question.id``. This redirected URL will
   then call the ``'results'`` view to display the final page.
@@ -159,7 +165,7 @@ page for the question. Let's write that view:
 
     def results(request, question_id):
         question = get_object_or_404(Question, pk=question_id)
-        return render(request, 'polls/results.html', {'question': question})
+        return render(request, "polls/results.html", {"question": question})
 
 This is almost exactly the same as the ``detail()`` view from :doc:`Tutorial 3
 </intro/tutorial03>`. The only difference is the template name. We'll fix this
@@ -246,12 +252,12 @@ First, open the ``polls/urls.py`` URLconf and change it like so:
 
     from . import views
 
-    app_name = 'polls'
+    app_name = "polls"
     urlpatterns = [
-        path('', views.IndexView.as_view(), name='index'),
-        path('<int:pk>/', views.DetailView.as_view(), name='detail'),
-        path('<int:pk>/results/', views.ResultsView.as_view(), name='results'),
-        path('<int:question_id>/vote/', views.vote, name='vote'),
+        path("", views.IndexView.as_view(), name="index"),
+        path("<int:pk>/", views.DetailView.as_view(), name="detail"),
+        path("<int:pk>/results/", views.ResultsView.as_view(), name="results"),
+        path("<int:question_id>/vote/", views.vote, name="vote"),
     ]
 
 Note that the name of the matched pattern in the path strings of the second and
@@ -276,26 +282,26 @@ views and use Django's generic views instead. To do so, open the
 
 
     class IndexView(generic.ListView):
-        template_name = 'polls/index.html'
-        context_object_name = 'latest_question_list'
+        template_name = "polls/index.html"
+        context_object_name = "latest_question_list"
 
         def get_queryset(self):
             """Return the last five published questions."""
-            return Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
+            return Question.objects.order_by("-pub_date")[:5]
 
 
     class DetailView(generic.DetailView):
         model = Question
-        template_name = 'polls/detail.html'
+        template_name = "polls/detail.html"
 
 
     class ResultsView(generic.DetailView):
         model = Question
-        template_name = 'polls/results.html'
+        template_name = "polls/results.html"
 
 
     def vote(request, question_id):
-        ... # same as above, no changes needed.
+        ...  # same as above, no changes needed.
 
 We're using two generic views here:
 :class:`~django.views.generic.list.ListView` and
diff --git a/docs/intro/tutorial05.txt b/docs/intro/tutorial05.txt
index 8eff8bf9d4..2e218bd331 100644
--- a/docs/intro/tutorial05.txt
+++ b/docs/intro/tutorial05.txt
@@ -183,7 +183,6 @@ Put the following in the ``tests.py`` file in the ``polls`` application:
 
 
     class QuestionModelTests(TestCase):
-
         def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question(self):
             """
             was_published_recently() returns False for questions whose pub_date
@@ -312,6 +311,7 @@ more comprehensively:
         old_question = Question(pub_date=time)
         self.assertIs(old_question.was_published_recently(), False)
 
+
     def test_was_published_recently_with_recent_question(self):
         """
         was_published_recently() returns True for questions whose pub_date
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ With that ready, we can ask the client to do some work for us:
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
     >>> # get a response from '/'
-    >>> response = client.get('/')
+    >>> response = client.get("/")
     Not Found: /
     >>> # we should expect a 404 from that address; if you instead see an
     >>> # "Invalid HTTP_HOST header" error and a 400 response, you probably
@@ -403,12 +403,12 @@ With that ready, we can ask the client to do some work for us:
     >>> # on the other hand we should expect to find something at '/polls/'
     >>> # we'll use 'reverse()' rather than a hardcoded URL
     >>> from django.urls import reverse
-    >>> response = client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
+    >>> response = client.get(reverse("polls:index"))
     >>> response.status_code
     200
     >>> response.content
     b'\n    <ul>\n    \n        <li><a href="/polls/1/">What&#x27;s up?</a></li>\n    \n    </ul>\n\n'
-    >>> response.context['latest_question_list']
+    >>> response.context["latest_question_list"]
     <QuerySet [<Question: What's up?>]>
 
 Improving our view
@@ -424,12 +424,12 @@ based on :class:`~django.views.generic.list.ListView`:
     :caption: ``polls/views.py``
 
     class IndexView(generic.ListView):
-        template_name = 'polls/index.html'
-        context_object_name = 'latest_question_list'
+        template_name = "polls/index.html"
+        context_object_name = "latest_question_list"
 
         def get_queryset(self):
             """Return the last five published questions."""
-            return Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
+            return Question.objects.order_by("-pub_date")[:5]
 
 We need to amend the ``get_queryset()`` method and change it so that it also
 checks the date by comparing it with ``timezone.now()``. First we need to add
@@ -450,9 +450,9 @@ and then we must amend the ``get_queryset`` method like so:
         Return the last five published questions (not including those set to be
         published in the future).
         """
-        return Question.objects.filter(
-            pub_date__lte=timezone.now()
-        ).order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
+        return Question.objects.filter(pub_date__lte=timezone.now()).order_by("-pub_date")[
+            :5
+        ]
 
 ``Question.objects.filter(pub_date__lte=timezone.now())`` returns a queryset
 containing ``Question``\s whose ``pub_date`` is less than or equal to - that
@@ -496,10 +496,10 @@ class:
             """
             If no questions exist, an appropriate message is displayed.
             """
-            response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
+            response = self.client.get(reverse("polls:index"))
             self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
             self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
-            self.assertQuerySetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'], [])
+            self.assertQuerySetEqual(response.context["latest_question_list"], [])
 
         def test_past_question(self):
             """
@@ -507,9 +507,9 @@ class:
             index page.
             """
             question = create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30)
-            response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
+            response = self.client.get(reverse("polls:index"))
             self.assertQuerySetEqual(
-                response.context['latest_question_list'],
+                response.context["latest_question_list"],
                 [question],
             )
 
@@ -519,9 +519,9 @@ class:
             the index page.
             """
             create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30)
-            response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
+            response = self.client.get(reverse("polls:index"))
             self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
-            self.assertQuerySetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'], [])
+            self.assertQuerySetEqual(response.context["latest_question_list"], [])
 
         def test_future_question_and_past_question(self):
             """
@@ -530,9 +530,9 @@ class:
             """
             question = create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30)
             create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30)
-            response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
+            response = self.client.get(reverse("polls:index"))
             self.assertQuerySetEqual(
-                response.context['latest_question_list'],
+                response.context["latest_question_list"],
                 [question],
             )
 
@@ -542,9 +542,9 @@ class:
             """
             question1 = create_question(question_text="Past question 1.", days=-30)
             question2 = create_question(question_text="Past question 2.", days=-5)
-            response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
+            response = self.client.get(reverse("polls:index"))
             self.assertQuerySetEqual(
-                response.context['latest_question_list'],
+                response.context["latest_question_list"],
                 [question2, question1],
             )
 
@@ -584,6 +584,7 @@ we need to add a similar  constraint to ``DetailView``:
 
     class DetailView(generic.DetailView):
         ...
+
         def get_queryset(self):
             """
             Excludes any questions that aren't published yet.
@@ -603,8 +604,8 @@ is not:
             The detail view of a question with a pub_date in the future
             returns a 404 not found.
             """
-            future_question = create_question(question_text='Future question.', days=5)
-            url = reverse('polls:detail', args=(future_question.id,))
+            future_question = create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=5)
+            url = reverse("polls:detail", args=(future_question.id,))
             response = self.client.get(url)
             self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)
 
@@ -613,8 +614,8 @@ is not:
             The detail view of a question with a pub_date in the past
             displays the question's text.
             """
-            past_question = create_question(question_text='Past Question.', days=-5)
-            url = reverse('polls:detail', args=(past_question.id,))
+            past_question = create_question(question_text="Past Question.", days=-5)
+            url = reverse("polls:detail", args=(past_question.id,))
             response = self.client.get(url)
             self.assertContains(response, past_question.question_text)
 
diff --git a/docs/intro/tutorial07.txt b/docs/intro/tutorial07.txt
index 14548590b3..71c13180fe 100644
--- a/docs/intro/tutorial07.txt
+++ b/docs/intro/tutorial07.txt
@@ -32,7 +32,8 @@ the ``admin.site.register(Question)`` line with:
 
 
     class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
-        fields = ['pub_date', 'question_text']
+        fields = ["pub_date", "question_text"]
+
 
     admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)
 
@@ -62,10 +63,11 @@ up into fieldsets:
 
     class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
         fieldsets = [
-            (None,               {'fields': ['question_text']}),
-            ('Date information', {'fields': ['pub_date']}),
+            (None, {"fields": ["question_text"]}),
+            ("Date information", {"fields": ["pub_date"]}),
         ]
 
+
     admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)
 
 The first element of each tuple in
@@ -92,6 +94,7 @@ with the admin just as we did with ``Question``:
     from django.contrib import admin
 
     from .models import Choice, Question
+
     # ...
     admin.site.register(Choice)
 
@@ -135,11 +138,12 @@ registration code to read:
 
     class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
         fieldsets = [
-            (None,               {'fields': ['question_text']}),
-            ('Date information', {'fields': ['pub_date'], 'classes': ['collapse']}),
+            (None, {"fields": ["question_text"]}),
+            ("Date information", {"fields": ["pub_date"], "classes": ["collapse"]}),
         ]
         inlines = [ChoiceInline]
 
+
     admin.site.register(Question, QuestionAdmin)
 
 This tells Django: "``Choice`` objects are edited on the ``Question`` admin page. By
@@ -204,7 +208,7 @@ object:
 
     class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
         # ...
-        list_display = ['question_text', 'pub_date']
+        list_display = ["question_text", "pub_date"]
 
 For good measure, let's also include the ``was_published_recently()`` method
 from :doc:`Tutorial 2 </intro/tutorial02>`:
@@ -214,7 +218,7 @@ from :doc:`Tutorial 2 </intro/tutorial02>`:
 
     class QuestionAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
         # ...
-        list_display = ['question_text', 'pub_date', 'was_published_recently']
+        list_display = ["question_text", "pub_date", "was_published_recently"]
 
 Now the question change list page looks like this:
 
@@ -236,12 +240,13 @@ decorator on that method (in :file:`polls/models.py`), as follows:
 
     from django.contrib import admin
 
+
     class Question(models.Model):
         # ...
         @admin.display(
             boolean=True,
-            ordering='pub_date',
-            description='Published recently?',
+            ordering="pub_date",
+            description="Published recently?",
         )
         def was_published_recently(self):
             now = timezone.now()
@@ -255,7 +260,7 @@ Edit your :file:`polls/admin.py` file again and add an improvement to the
 :attr:`~django.contrib.admin.ModelAdmin.list_filter`. Add the following line to
 ``QuestionAdmin``::
 
-    list_filter = ['pub_date']
+    list_filter = ["pub_date"]
 
 That adds a "Filter" sidebar that lets people filter the change list by the
 ``pub_date`` field:
@@ -270,7 +275,7 @@ knows to give appropriate filter options: "Any date", "Today", "Past 7 days",
 
 This is shaping up well. Let's add some search capability::
 
-    search_fields = ['question_text']
+    search_fields = ["question_text"]
 
 That adds a search box at the top of the change list. When somebody enters
 search terms, Django will search the ``question_text`` field. You can use as many
@@ -314,15 +319,15 @@ Open your settings file (:file:`mysite/settings.py`, remember) and add a
 
     TEMPLATES = [
         {
-            'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
-            'DIRS': [BASE_DIR / 'templates'],
-            'APP_DIRS': True,
-            'OPTIONS': {
-                'context_processors': [
-                    'django.template.context_processors.debug',
-                    'django.template.context_processors.request',
-                    'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
-                    'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
+            "BACKEND": "django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates",
+            "DIRS": [BASE_DIR / "templates"],
+            "APP_DIRS": True,
+            "OPTIONS": {
+                "context_processors": [
+                    "django.template.context_processors.debug",
+                    "django.template.context_processors.request",
+                    "django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth",
+                    "django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages",
                 ],
             },
         },