Refs #33476 -- Reformatted code with Black.

6 files changed, 279 insertions, 162 deletions

diff --git a/django/urls/__init__.py b/django/urls/__init__.py
index e9e32ac5b9..9aaf4814f2 100644
--- a/django/urls/__init__.py
+++ b/django/urls/__init__.py
@@ -1,23 +1,53 @@
 from .base import (
-    clear_script_prefix, clear_url_caches, get_script_prefix, get_urlconf,
-    is_valid_path, resolve, reverse, reverse_lazy, set_script_prefix,
-    set_urlconf, translate_url,
+    clear_script_prefix,
+    clear_url_caches,
+    get_script_prefix,
+    get_urlconf,
+    is_valid_path,
+    resolve,
+    reverse,
+    reverse_lazy,
+    set_script_prefix,
+    set_urlconf,
+    translate_url,
 )
 from .conf import include, path, re_path
 from .converters import register_converter
 from .exceptions import NoReverseMatch, Resolver404
 from .resolvers import (
-    LocalePrefixPattern, ResolverMatch, URLPattern, URLResolver,
-    get_ns_resolver, get_resolver,
+    LocalePrefixPattern,
+    ResolverMatch,
+    URLPattern,
+    URLResolver,
+    get_ns_resolver,
+    get_resolver,
 )
 from .utils import get_callable, get_mod_func
 
 __all__ = [
-    'LocalePrefixPattern', 'NoReverseMatch', 'URLPattern',
-    'URLResolver', 'Resolver404', 'ResolverMatch', 'clear_script_prefix',
-    'clear_url_caches', 'get_callable', 'get_mod_func', 'get_ns_resolver',
-    'get_resolver', 'get_script_prefix', 'get_urlconf', 'include',
-    'is_valid_path', 'path', 're_path', 'register_converter', 'resolve',
-    'reverse', 'reverse_lazy', 'set_script_prefix', 'set_urlconf',
-    'translate_url',
+    "LocalePrefixPattern",
+    "NoReverseMatch",
+    "URLPattern",
+    "URLResolver",
+    "Resolver404",
+    "ResolverMatch",
+    "clear_script_prefix",
+    "clear_url_caches",
+    "get_callable",
+    "get_mod_func",
+    "get_ns_resolver",
+    "get_resolver",
+    "get_script_prefix",
+    "get_urlconf",
+    "include",
+    "is_valid_path",
+    "path",
+    "re_path",
+    "register_converter",
+    "resolve",
+    "reverse",
+    "reverse_lazy",
+    "set_script_prefix",
+    "set_urlconf",
+    "translate_url",
 ]
diff --git a/django/urls/base.py b/django/urls/base.py
index 8c26a3880b..647ef3e2de 100644
--- a/django/urls/base.py
+++ b/django/urls/base.py
@@ -36,16 +36,16 @@ def reverse(viewname, urlconf=None, args=None, kwargs=None, current_app=None):
     if not isinstance(viewname, str):
         view = viewname
     else:
-        *path, view = viewname.split(':')
+        *path, view = viewname.split(":")
 
         if current_app:
-            current_path = current_app.split(':')
+            current_path = current_app.split(":")
             current_path.reverse()
         else:
             current_path = None
 
         resolved_path = []
-        ns_pattern = ''
+        ns_pattern = ""
         ns_converters = {}
         for ns in path:
             current_ns = current_path.pop() if current_path else None
@@ -75,13 +75,15 @@ def reverse(viewname, urlconf=None, args=None, kwargs=None, current_app=None):
             except KeyError as key:
                 if resolved_path:
                     raise NoReverseMatch(
-                        "%s is not a registered namespace inside '%s'" %
-                        (key, ':'.join(resolved_path))
+                        "%s is not a registered namespace inside '%s'"
+                        % (key, ":".join(resolved_path))
                     )
                 else:
                     raise NoReverseMatch("%s is not a registered namespace" % key)
         if ns_pattern:
-            resolver = get_ns_resolver(ns_pattern, resolver, tuple(ns_converters.items()))
+            resolver = get_ns_resolver(
+                ns_pattern, resolver, tuple(ns_converters.items())
+            )
 
     return resolver._reverse_with_prefix(view, prefix, *args, **kwargs)
 
@@ -99,8 +101,8 @@ def set_script_prefix(prefix):
     """
     Set the script prefix for the current thread.
     """
-    if not prefix.endswith('/'):
-        prefix += '/'
+    if not prefix.endswith("/"):
+        prefix += "/"
     _prefixes.value = prefix
 
 
@@ -110,7 +112,7 @@ def get_script_prefix():
     wishes to construct their own URLs manually (although accessing the request
     instance is normally going to be a lot cleaner).
     """
-    return getattr(_prefixes, "value", '/')
+    return getattr(_prefixes, "value", "/")
 
 
 def clear_script_prefix():
@@ -168,12 +170,18 @@ def translate_url(url, lang_code):
     except Resolver404:
         pass
     else:
-        to_be_reversed = "%s:%s" % (match.namespace, match.url_name) if match.namespace else match.url_name
+        to_be_reversed = (
+            "%s:%s" % (match.namespace, match.url_name)
+            if match.namespace
+            else match.url_name
+        )
         with override(lang_code):
             try:
                 url = reverse(to_be_reversed, args=match.args, kwargs=match.kwargs)
             except NoReverseMatch:
                 pass
             else:
-                url = urlunsplit((parsed.scheme, parsed.netloc, url, parsed.query, parsed.fragment))
+                url = urlunsplit(
+                    (parsed.scheme, parsed.netloc, url, parsed.query, parsed.fragment)
+                )
     return url
diff --git a/django/urls/conf.py b/django/urls/conf.py
index 40990d10f5..40708028a3 100644
--- a/django/urls/conf.py
+++ b/django/urls/conf.py
@@ -5,7 +5,11 @@ from importlib import import_module
 from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
 
 from .resolvers import (
-    LocalePrefixPattern, RegexPattern, RoutePattern, URLPattern, URLResolver,
+    LocalePrefixPattern,
+    RegexPattern,
+    RoutePattern,
+    URLPattern,
+    URLResolver,
 )
 
 
@@ -18,13 +22,13 @@ def include(arg, namespace=None):
         except ValueError:
             if namespace:
                 raise ImproperlyConfigured(
-                    'Cannot override the namespace for a dynamic module that '
-                    'provides a namespace.'
+                    "Cannot override the namespace for a dynamic module that "
+                    "provides a namespace."
                 )
             raise ImproperlyConfigured(
-                'Passing a %d-tuple to include() is not supported. Pass a '
-                '2-tuple containing the list of patterns and app_name, and '
-                'provide the namespace argument to include() instead.' % len(arg)
+                "Passing a %d-tuple to include() is not supported. Pass a "
+                "2-tuple containing the list of patterns and app_name, and "
+                "provide the namespace argument to include() instead." % len(arg)
             )
     else:
         # No namespace hint - use manually provided namespace.
@@ -32,24 +36,24 @@ def include(arg, namespace=None):
 
     if isinstance(urlconf_module, str):
         urlconf_module = import_module(urlconf_module)
-    patterns = getattr(urlconf_module, 'urlpatterns', urlconf_module)
-    app_name = getattr(urlconf_module, 'app_name', app_name)
+    patterns = getattr(urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", urlconf_module)
+    app_name = getattr(urlconf_module, "app_name", app_name)
     if namespace and not app_name:
         raise ImproperlyConfigured(
-            'Specifying a namespace in include() without providing an app_name '
-            'is not supported. Set the app_name attribute in the included '
-            'module, or pass a 2-tuple containing the list of patterns and '
-            'app_name instead.',
+            "Specifying a namespace in include() without providing an app_name "
+            "is not supported. Set the app_name attribute in the included "
+            "module, or pass a 2-tuple containing the list of patterns and "
+            "app_name instead.",
         )
     namespace = namespace or app_name
     # Make sure the patterns can be iterated through (without this, some
     # testcases will break).
     if isinstance(patterns, (list, tuple)):
         for url_pattern in patterns:
-            pattern = getattr(url_pattern, 'pattern', None)
+            pattern = getattr(url_pattern, "pattern", None)
             if isinstance(pattern, LocalePrefixPattern):
                 raise ImproperlyConfigured(
-                    'Using i18n_patterns in an included URLconf is not allowed.'
+                    "Using i18n_patterns in an included URLconf is not allowed."
                 )
     return (urlconf_module, app_name, namespace)
 
@@ -59,7 +63,7 @@ def _path(route, view, kwargs=None, name=None, Pattern=None):
 
     if kwargs is not None and not isinstance(kwargs, dict):
         raise TypeError(
-            f'kwargs argument must be a dict, but got {kwargs.__class__.__name__}.'
+            f"kwargs argument must be a dict, but got {kwargs.__class__.__name__}."
         )
     if isinstance(view, (list, tuple)):
         # For include(...) processing.
@@ -78,11 +82,13 @@ def _path(route, view, kwargs=None, name=None, Pattern=None):
     elif isinstance(view, View):
         view_cls_name = view.__class__.__name__
         raise TypeError(
-            f'view must be a callable, pass {view_cls_name}.as_view(), not '
-            f'{view_cls_name}().'
+            f"view must be a callable, pass {view_cls_name}.as_view(), not "
+            f"{view_cls_name}()."
         )
     else:
-        raise TypeError('view must be a callable or a list/tuple in the case of include().')
+        raise TypeError(
+            "view must be a callable or a list/tuple in the case of include()."
+        )
 
 
 path = partial(_path, Pattern=RoutePattern)
diff --git a/django/urls/converters.py b/django/urls/converters.py
index bb8478e32f..8af3cbab25 100644
--- a/django/urls/converters.py
+++ b/django/urls/converters.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from functools import lru_cache
 
 
 class IntConverter:
-    regex = '[0-9]+'
+    regex = "[0-9]+"
 
     def to_python(self, value):
         return int(value)
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class IntConverter:
 
 
 class StringConverter:
-    regex = '[^/]+'
+    regex = "[^/]+"
 
     def to_python(self, value):
         return value
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class StringConverter:
 
 
 class UUIDConverter:
-    regex = '[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}'
+    regex = "[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}"
 
     def to_python(self, value):
         return uuid.UUID(value)
@@ -33,19 +33,19 @@ class UUIDConverter:
 
 
 class SlugConverter(StringConverter):
-    regex = '[-a-zA-Z0-9_]+'
+    regex = "[-a-zA-Z0-9_]+"
 
 
 class PathConverter(StringConverter):
-    regex = '.+'
+    regex = ".+"
 
 
 DEFAULT_CONVERTERS = {
-    'int': IntConverter(),
-    'path': PathConverter(),
-    'slug': SlugConverter(),
-    'str': StringConverter(),
-    'uuid': UUIDConverter(),
+    "int": IntConverter(),
+    "path": PathConverter(),
+    "slug": SlugConverter(),
+    "str": StringConverter(),
+    "uuid": UUIDConverter(),
 }
 
 
diff --git a/django/urls/resolvers.py b/django/urls/resolvers.py
index 2ef173c2c8..fee8ae9750 100644
--- a/django/urls/resolvers.py
+++ b/django/urls/resolvers.py
@@ -31,7 +31,17 @@ from .utils import get_callable
 
 
 class ResolverMatch:
-    def __init__(self, func, args, kwargs, url_name=None, app_names=None, namespaces=None, route=None, tried=None):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        func,
+        args,
+        kwargs,
+        url_name=None,
+        app_names=None,
+        namespaces=None,
+        route=None,
+        tried=None,
+    ):
         self.func = func
         self.args = args
         self.kwargs = kwargs
@@ -42,21 +52,21 @@ class ResolverMatch:
         # If a URLRegexResolver doesn't have a namespace or app_name, it passes
         # in an empty value.
         self.app_names = [x for x in app_names if x] if app_names else []
-        self.app_name = ':'.join(self.app_names)
+        self.app_name = ":".join(self.app_names)
         self.namespaces = [x for x in namespaces if x] if namespaces else []
-        self.namespace = ':'.join(self.namespaces)
+        self.namespace = ":".join(self.namespaces)
 
-        if hasattr(func, 'view_class'):
+        if hasattr(func, "view_class"):
             func = func.view_class
-        if not hasattr(func, '__name__'):
+        if not hasattr(func, "__name__"):
             # A class-based view
-            self._func_path = func.__class__.__module__ + '.' + func.__class__.__name__
+            self._func_path = func.__class__.__module__ + "." + func.__class__.__name__
         else:
             # A function-based view
-            self._func_path = func.__module__ + '.' + func.__name__
+            self._func_path = func.__module__ + "." + func.__name__
 
         view_path = url_name or self._func_path
-        self.view_name = ':'.join(self.namespaces + [view_path])
+        self.view_name = ":".join(self.namespaces + [view_path])
 
     def __getitem__(self, index):
         return (self.func, self.args, self.kwargs)[index]
@@ -67,15 +77,21 @@ class ResolverMatch:
         else:
             func = self._func_path
         return (
-            'ResolverMatch(func=%s, args=%r, kwargs=%r, url_name=%r, '
-            'app_names=%r, namespaces=%r, route=%r)' % (
-                func, self.args, self.kwargs, self.url_name,
-                self.app_names, self.namespaces, self.route,
+            "ResolverMatch(func=%s, args=%r, kwargs=%r, url_name=%r, "
+            "app_names=%r, namespaces=%r, route=%r)"
+            % (
+                func,
+                self.args,
+                self.kwargs,
+                self.url_name,
+                self.app_names,
+                self.namespaces,
+                self.route,
             )
         )
 
     def __reduce_ex__(self, protocol):
-        raise PicklingError(f'Cannot pickle {self.__class__.__qualname__}.')
+        raise PicklingError(f"Cannot pickle {self.__class__.__qualname__}.")
 
 
 def get_resolver(urlconf=None):
@@ -86,7 +102,7 @@ def get_resolver(urlconf=None):
 
 @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
 def _get_cached_resolver(urlconf=None):
-    return URLResolver(RegexPattern(r'^/'), urlconf)
+    return URLResolver(RegexPattern(r"^/"), urlconf)
 
 
 @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
@@ -97,7 +113,7 @@ def get_ns_resolver(ns_pattern, resolver, converters):
     pattern = RegexPattern(ns_pattern)
     pattern.converters = dict(converters)
     ns_resolver = URLResolver(pattern, resolver.url_patterns)
-    return URLResolver(RegexPattern(r'^/'), [ns_resolver])
+    return URLResolver(RegexPattern(r"^/"), [ns_resolver])
 
 
 class LocaleRegexDescriptor:
@@ -115,8 +131,8 @@ class LocaleRegexDescriptor:
         # avoid per-language compilation.
         pattern = getattr(instance, self.attr)
         if isinstance(pattern, str):
-            instance.__dict__['regex'] = instance._compile(pattern)
-            return instance.__dict__['regex']
+            instance.__dict__["regex"] = instance._compile(pattern)
+            return instance.__dict__["regex"]
         language_code = get_language()
         if language_code not in instance._regex_dict:
             instance._regex_dict[language_code] = instance._compile(str(pattern))
@@ -142,7 +158,9 @@ class CheckURLMixin:
             # Skip check as it can be useful to start a URL pattern with a slash
             # when APPEND_SLASH=False.
             return []
-        if regex_pattern.startswith(('/', '^/', '^\\/')) and not regex_pattern.endswith('/'):
+        if regex_pattern.startswith(("/", "^/", "^\\/")) and not regex_pattern.endswith(
+            "/"
+        ):
             warning = Warning(
                 "Your URL pattern {} has a route beginning with a '/'. Remove this "
                 "slash as it is unnecessary. If this pattern is targeted in an "
@@ -157,7 +175,7 @@ class CheckURLMixin:
 
 
 class RegexPattern(CheckURLMixin):
-    regex = LocaleRegexDescriptor('_regex')
+    regex = LocaleRegexDescriptor("_regex")
 
     def __init__(self, regex, name=None, is_endpoint=False):
         self._regex = regex
@@ -169,7 +187,7 @@ class RegexPattern(CheckURLMixin):
     def match(self, path):
         match = (
             self.regex.fullmatch(path)
-            if self._is_endpoint and self.regex.pattern.endswith('$')
+            if self._is_endpoint and self.regex.pattern.endswith("$")
             else self.regex.search(path)
         )
         if match:
@@ -179,7 +197,7 @@ class RegexPattern(CheckURLMixin):
             kwargs = match.groupdict()
             args = () if kwargs else match.groups()
             kwargs = {k: v for k, v in kwargs.items() if v is not None}
-            return path[match.end():], args, kwargs
+            return path[match.end() :], args, kwargs
         return None
 
     def check(self):
@@ -191,13 +209,15 @@ class RegexPattern(CheckURLMixin):
 
     def _check_include_trailing_dollar(self):
         regex_pattern = self.regex.pattern
-        if regex_pattern.endswith('$') and not regex_pattern.endswith(r'\$'):
-            return [Warning(
-                "Your URL pattern {} uses include with a route ending with a '$'. "
-                "Remove the dollar from the route to avoid problems including "
-                "URLs.".format(self.describe()),
-                id='urls.W001',
-            )]
+        if regex_pattern.endswith("$") and not regex_pattern.endswith(r"\$"):
+            return [
+                Warning(
+                    "Your URL pattern {} uses include with a route ending with a '$'. "
+                    "Remove the dollar from the route to avoid problems including "
+                    "URLs.".format(self.describe()),
+                    id="urls.W001",
+                )
+            ]
         else:
             return []
 
@@ -215,7 +235,7 @@ class RegexPattern(CheckURLMixin):
 
 
 _PATH_PARAMETER_COMPONENT_RE = _lazy_re_compile(
-    r'<(?:(?P<converter>[^>:]+):)?(?P<parameter>[^>]+)>'
+    r"<(?:(?P<converter>[^>:]+):)?(?P<parameter>[^>]+)>"
 )
 
 
@@ -227,7 +247,7 @@ def _route_to_regex(route, is_endpoint=False):
     and {'pk': <django.urls.converters.IntConverter>}.
     """
     original_route = route
-    parts = ['^']
+    parts = ["^"]
     converters = {}
     while True:
         match = _PATH_PARAMETER_COMPONENT_RE.search(route)
@@ -239,34 +259,34 @@ def _route_to_regex(route, is_endpoint=False):
                 "URL route '%s' cannot contain whitespace in angle brackets "
                 "<…>." % original_route
             )
-        parts.append(re.escape(route[:match.start()]))
-        route = route[match.end():]
-        parameter = match['parameter']
+        parts.append(re.escape(route[: match.start()]))
+        route = route[match.end() :]
+        parameter = match["parameter"]
         if not parameter.isidentifier():
             raise ImproperlyConfigured(
                 "URL route '%s' uses parameter name %r which isn't a valid "
                 "Python identifier." % (original_route, parameter)
             )
-        raw_converter = match['converter']
+        raw_converter = match["converter"]
         if raw_converter is None:
             # If a converter isn't specified, the default is `str`.
-            raw_converter = 'str'
+            raw_converter = "str"
         try:
             converter = get_converter(raw_converter)
         except KeyError as e:
             raise ImproperlyConfigured(
-                'URL route %r uses invalid converter %r.'
+                "URL route %r uses invalid converter %r."
                 % (original_route, raw_converter)
             ) from e
         converters[parameter] = converter
-        parts.append('(?P<' + parameter + '>' + converter.regex + ')')
+        parts.append("(?P<" + parameter + ">" + converter.regex + ")")
     if is_endpoint:
-        parts.append(r'\Z')
-    return ''.join(parts), converters
+        parts.append(r"\Z")
+    return "".join(parts), converters
 
 
 class RoutePattern(CheckURLMixin):
-    regex = LocaleRegexDescriptor('_route')
+    regex = LocaleRegexDescriptor("_route")
 
     def __init__(self, route, name=None, is_endpoint=False):
         self._route = route
@@ -286,19 +306,21 @@ class RoutePattern(CheckURLMixin):
                     kwargs[key] = converter.to_python(value)
                 except ValueError:
                     return None
-            return path[match.end():], (), kwargs
+            return path[match.end() :], (), kwargs
         return None
 
     def check(self):
         warnings = self._check_pattern_startswith_slash()
         route = self._route
-        if '(?P<' in route or route.startswith('^') or route.endswith('$'):
-            warnings.append(Warning(
-                "Your URL pattern {} has a route that contains '(?P<', begins "
-                "with a '^', or ends with a '$'. This was likely an oversight "
-                "when migrating to django.urls.path().".format(self.describe()),
-                id='2_0.W001',
-            ))
+        if "(?P<" in route or route.startswith("^") or route.endswith("$"):
+            warnings.append(
+                Warning(
+                    "Your URL pattern {} has a route that contains '(?P<', begins "
+                    "with a '^', or ends with a '$'. This was likely an oversight "
+                    "when migrating to django.urls.path().".format(self.describe()),
+                    id="2_0.W001",
+                )
+            )
         return warnings
 
     def _compile(self, route):
@@ -322,14 +344,14 @@ class LocalePrefixPattern:
     def language_prefix(self):
         language_code = get_language() or settings.LANGUAGE_CODE
         if language_code == settings.LANGUAGE_CODE and not self.prefix_default_language:
-            return ''
+            return ""
         else:
-            return '%s/' % language_code
+            return "%s/" % language_code
 
     def match(self, path):
         language_prefix = self.language_prefix
         if path.startswith(language_prefix):
-            return path[len(language_prefix):], (), {}
+            return path[len(language_prefix) :], (), {}
         return None
 
     def check(self):
@@ -350,7 +372,7 @@ class URLPattern:
         self.name = name
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return '<%s %s>' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.pattern.describe())
+        return "<%s %s>" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.pattern.describe())
 
     def check(self):
         warnings = self._check_pattern_name()
@@ -377,15 +399,18 @@ class URLPattern:
 
         view = self.callback
         if inspect.isclass(view) and issubclass(view, View):
-            return [Error(
-                'Your URL pattern %s has an invalid view, pass %s.as_view() '
-                'instead of %s.' % (
-                    self.pattern.describe(),
-                    view.__name__,
-                    view.__name__,
-                ),
-                id='urls.E009',
-            )]
+            return [
+                Error(
+                    "Your URL pattern %s has an invalid view, pass %s.as_view() "
+                    "instead of %s."
+                    % (
+                        self.pattern.describe(),
+                        view.__name__,
+                        view.__name__,
+                    ),
+                    id="urls.E009",
+                )
+            ]
         return []
 
     def resolve(self, path):
@@ -394,7 +419,9 @@ class URLPattern:
             new_path, args, kwargs = match
             # Pass any extra_kwargs as **kwargs.
             kwargs.update(self.default_args)
-            return ResolverMatch(self.callback, args, kwargs, self.pattern.name, route=str(self.pattern))
+            return ResolverMatch(
+                self.callback, args, kwargs, self.pattern.name, route=str(self.pattern)
+            )
 
     @cached_property
     def lookup_str(self):
@@ -405,15 +432,17 @@ class URLPattern:
         callback = self.callback
         if isinstance(callback, functools.partial):
             callback = callback.func
-        if hasattr(callback, 'view_class'):
+        if hasattr(callback, "view_class"):
             callback = callback.view_class
-        elif not hasattr(callback, '__name__'):
+        elif not hasattr(callback, "__name__"):
             return callback.__module__ + "." + callback.__class__.__name__
         return callback.__module__ + "." + callback.__qualname__
 
 
 class URLResolver:
-    def __init__(self, pattern, urlconf_name, default_kwargs=None, app_name=None, namespace=None):
+    def __init__(
+        self, pattern, urlconf_name, default_kwargs=None, app_name=None, namespace=None
+    ):
         self.pattern = pattern
         # urlconf_name is the dotted Python path to the module defining
         # urlpatterns. It may also be an object with an urlpatterns attribute
@@ -435,12 +464,15 @@ class URLResolver:
     def __repr__(self):
         if isinstance(self.urlconf_name, list) and self.urlconf_name:
             # Don't bother to output the whole list, it can be huge
-            urlconf_repr = '<%s list>' % self.urlconf_name[0].__class__.__name__
+            urlconf_repr = "<%s list>" % self.urlconf_name[0].__class__.__name__
         else:
             urlconf_repr = repr(self.urlconf_name)
-        return '<%s %s (%s:%s) %s>' % (
-            self.__class__.__name__, urlconf_repr, self.app_name,
-            self.namespace, self.pattern.describe(),
+        return "<%s %s (%s:%s) %s>" % (
+            self.__class__.__name__,
+            urlconf_repr,
+            self.app_name,
+            self.namespace,
+            self.pattern.describe(),
         )
 
     def check(self):
@@ -458,11 +490,11 @@ class URLResolver:
             try:
                 handler = self.resolve_error_handler(status_code)
             except (ImportError, ViewDoesNotExist) as e:
-                path = getattr(self.urlconf_module, 'handler%s' % status_code)
+                path = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "handler%s" % status_code)
                 msg = (
                     "The custom handler{status_code} view '{path}' could not be imported."
                 ).format(status_code=status_code, path=path)
-                messages.append(Error(msg, hint=str(e), id='urls.E008'))
+                messages.append(Error(msg, hint=str(e), id="urls.E008"))
                 continue
             signature = inspect.signature(handler)
             args = [None] * num_parameters
@@ -474,10 +506,10 @@ class URLResolver:
                     "take the correct number of arguments ({args})."
                 ).format(
                     status_code=status_code,
-                    path=handler.__module__ + '.' + handler.__qualname__,
-                    args='request, exception' if num_parameters == 2 else 'request',
+                    path=handler.__module__ + "." + handler.__qualname__,
+                    args="request, exception" if num_parameters == 2 else "request",
                 )
-                messages.append(Error(msg, id='urls.E007'))
+                messages.append(Error(msg, id="urls.E007"))
         return messages
 
     def _populate(self):
@@ -485,7 +517,7 @@ class URLResolver:
         # infinite recursion. Concurrent threads may call this at the same
         # time and will need to continue, so set 'populating' on a
         # thread-local variable.
-        if getattr(self._local, 'populating', False):
+        if getattr(self._local, "populating", False):
             return
         try:
             self._local.populating = True
@@ -495,28 +527,45 @@ class URLResolver:
             language_code = get_language()
             for url_pattern in reversed(self.url_patterns):
                 p_pattern = url_pattern.pattern.regex.pattern
-                if p_pattern.startswith('^'):
+                if p_pattern.startswith("^"):
                     p_pattern = p_pattern[1:]
                 if isinstance(url_pattern, URLPattern):
                     self._callback_strs.add(url_pattern.lookup_str)
                     bits = normalize(url_pattern.pattern.regex.pattern)
                     lookups.appendlist(
                         url_pattern.callback,
-                        (bits, p_pattern, url_pattern.default_args, url_pattern.pattern.converters)
+                        (
+                            bits,
+                            p_pattern,
+                            url_pattern.default_args,
+                            url_pattern.pattern.converters,
+                        ),
                     )
                     if url_pattern.name is not None:
                         lookups.appendlist(
                             url_pattern.name,
-                            (bits, p_pattern, url_pattern.default_args, url_pattern.pattern.converters)
+                            (
+                                bits,
+                                p_pattern,
+                                url_pattern.default_args,
+                                url_pattern.pattern.converters,
+                            ),
                         )
                 else:  # url_pattern is a URLResolver.
                     url_pattern._populate()
                     if url_pattern.app_name:
-                        apps.setdefault(url_pattern.app_name, []).append(url_pattern.namespace)
+                        apps.setdefault(url_pattern.app_name, []).append(
+                            url_pattern.namespace
+                        )
                         namespaces[url_pattern.namespace] = (p_pattern, url_pattern)
                     else:
                         for name in url_pattern.reverse_dict:
-                            for matches, pat, defaults, converters in url_pattern.reverse_dict.getlist(name):
+                            for (
+                                matches,
+                                pat,
+                                defaults,
+                                converters,
+                            ) in url_pattern.reverse_dict.getlist(name):
                                 new_matches = normalize(p_pattern + pat)
                                 lookups.appendlist(
                                     name,
@@ -524,10 +573,17 @@ class URLResolver:
                                         new_matches,
                                         p_pattern + pat,
                                         {**defaults, **url_pattern.default_kwargs},
-                                        {**self.pattern.converters, **url_pattern.pattern.converters, **converters}
-                                    )
+                                        {
+                                            **self.pattern.converters,
+                                            **url_pattern.pattern.converters,
+                                            **converters,
+                                        },
+                                    ),
                                 )
-                        for namespace, (prefix, sub_pattern) in url_pattern.namespace_dict.items():
+                        for namespace, (
+                            prefix,
+                            sub_pattern,
+                        ) in url_pattern.namespace_dict.items():
                             current_converters = url_pattern.pattern.converters
                             sub_pattern.pattern.converters.update(current_converters)
                             namespaces[namespace] = (p_pattern + prefix, sub_pattern)
@@ -574,7 +630,7 @@ class URLResolver:
         """Join two routes, without the starting ^ in the second route."""
         if not route1:
             return route2
-        if route2.startswith('^'):
+        if route2.startswith("^"):
             route2 = route2[1:]
         return route1 + route2
 
@@ -593,7 +649,7 @@ class URLResolver:
                 try:
                     sub_match = pattern.resolve(new_path)
                 except Resolver404 as e:
-                    self._extend_tried(tried, pattern, e.args[0].get('tried'))
+                    self._extend_tried(tried, pattern, e.args[0].get("tried"))
                 else:
                     if sub_match:
                         # Merge captured arguments in match with submatch
@@ -605,7 +661,11 @@ class URLResolver:
                         sub_match_args = sub_match.args
                         if not sub_match_dict:
                             sub_match_args = args + sub_match.args
-                        current_route = '' if isinstance(pattern, URLPattern) else str(pattern.pattern)
+                        current_route = (
+                            ""
+                            if isinstance(pattern, URLPattern)
+                            else str(pattern.pattern)
+                        )
                         self._extend_tried(tried, pattern, sub_match.tried)
                         return ResolverMatch(
                             sub_match.func,
@@ -618,8 +678,8 @@ class URLResolver:
                             tried,
                         )
                     tried.append([pattern])
-            raise Resolver404({'tried': tried, 'path': new_path})
-        raise Resolver404({'path': path})
+            raise Resolver404({"tried": tried, "path": new_path})
+        raise Resolver404({"path": path})
 
     @cached_property
     def urlconf_module(self):
@@ -645,16 +705,17 @@ class URLResolver:
         return patterns
 
     def resolve_error_handler(self, view_type):
-        callback = getattr(self.urlconf_module, 'handler%s' % view_type, None)
+        callback = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "handler%s" % view_type, None)
         if not callback:
             # No handler specified in file; use lazy import, since
             # django.conf.urls imports this file.
             from django.conf import urls
-            callback = getattr(urls, 'handler%s' % view_type)
+
+            callback = getattr(urls, "handler%s" % view_type)
         return get_callable(callback)
 
     def reverse(self, lookup_view, *args, **kwargs):
-        return self._reverse_with_prefix(lookup_view, '', *args, **kwargs)
+        return self._reverse_with_prefix(lookup_view, "", *args, **kwargs)
 
     def _reverse_with_prefix(self, lookup_view, _prefix, *args, **kwargs):
         if args and kwargs:
@@ -696,16 +757,22 @@ class URLResolver:
                 # without quoting to build a decoded URL and look for a match.
                 # Then, if we have a match, redo the substitution with quoted
                 # arguments in order to return a properly encoded URL.
-                candidate_pat = _prefix.replace('%', '%%') + result
-                if re.search('^%s%s' % (re.escape(_prefix), pattern), candidate_pat % text_candidate_subs):
+                candidate_pat = _prefix.replace("%", "%%") + result
+                if re.search(
+                    "^%s%s" % (re.escape(_prefix), pattern),
+                    candidate_pat % text_candidate_subs,
+                ):
                     # safe characters from `pchar` definition of RFC 3986
-                    url = quote(candidate_pat % text_candidate_subs, safe=RFC3986_SUBDELIMS + '/~:@')
+                    url = quote(
+                        candidate_pat % text_candidate_subs,
+                        safe=RFC3986_SUBDELIMS + "/~:@",
+                    )
                     # Don't allow construction of scheme relative urls.
                     return escape_leading_slashes(url)
         # lookup_view can be URL name or callable, but callables are not
         # friendly in error messages.
-        m = getattr(lookup_view, '__module__', None)
-        n = getattr(lookup_view, '__name__', None)
+        m = getattr(lookup_view, "__module__", None)
+        n = getattr(lookup_view, "__name__", None)
         if m is not None and n is not None:
             lookup_view_s = "%s.%s" % (m, n)
         else:
@@ -719,13 +786,15 @@ class URLResolver:
                 arg_msg = "keyword arguments '%s'" % kwargs
             else:
                 arg_msg = "no arguments"
-            msg = (
-                "Reverse for '%s' with %s not found. %d pattern(s) tried: %s" %
-                (lookup_view_s, arg_msg, len(patterns), patterns)
+            msg = "Reverse for '%s' with %s not found. %d pattern(s) tried: %s" % (
+                lookup_view_s,
+                arg_msg,
+                len(patterns),
+                patterns,
             )
         else:
             msg = (
                 "Reverse for '%(view)s' not found. '%(view)s' is not "
-                "a valid view function or pattern name." % {'view': lookup_view_s}
+                "a valid view function or pattern name." % {"view": lookup_view_s}
             )
         raise NoReverseMatch(msg)
diff --git a/django/urls/utils.py b/django/urls/utils.py
index e59ab9fdbd..60b46d9050 100644
--- a/django/urls/utils.py
+++ b/django/urls/utils.py
@@ -18,11 +18,15 @@ def get_callable(lookup_view):
         return lookup_view
 
     if not isinstance(lookup_view, str):
-        raise ViewDoesNotExist("'%s' is not a callable or a dot-notation path" % lookup_view)
+        raise ViewDoesNotExist(
+            "'%s' is not a callable or a dot-notation path" % lookup_view
+        )
 
     mod_name, func_name = get_mod_func(lookup_view)
     if not func_name:  # No '.' in lookup_view
-        raise ImportError("Could not import '%s'. The path must be fully qualified." % lookup_view)
+        raise ImportError(
+            "Could not import '%s'. The path must be fully qualified." % lookup_view
+        )
 
     try:
         mod = import_module(mod_name)
@@ -30,8 +34,8 @@ def get_callable(lookup_view):
         parentmod, submod = get_mod_func(mod_name)
         if submod and not module_has_submodule(import_module(parentmod), submod):
             raise ViewDoesNotExist(
-                "Could not import '%s'. Parent module %s does not exist." %
-                (lookup_view, mod_name)
+                "Could not import '%s'. Parent module %s does not exist."
+                % (lookup_view, mod_name)
             )
         else:
             raise
@@ -40,14 +44,14 @@ def get_callable(lookup_view):
             view_func = getattr(mod, func_name)
         except AttributeError:
             raise ViewDoesNotExist(
-                "Could not import '%s'. View does not exist in module %s." %
-                (lookup_view, mod_name)
+                "Could not import '%s'. View does not exist in module %s."
+                % (lookup_view, mod_name)
             )
         else:
             if not callable(view_func):
                 raise ViewDoesNotExist(
-                    "Could not import '%s.%s'. View is not callable." %
-                    (mod_name, func_name)
+                    "Could not import '%s.%s'. View is not callable."
+                    % (mod_name, func_name)
                 )
             return view_func
 
@@ -56,7 +60,7 @@ def get_mod_func(callback):
     # Convert 'django.views.news.stories.story_detail' to
     # ['django.views.news.stories', 'story_detail']
     try:
-        dot = callback.rindex('.')
+        dot = callback.rindex(".")
     except ValueError:
-        return callback, ''
-    return callback[:dot], callback[dot + 1:]
+        return callback, ""
+    return callback[:dot], callback[dot + 1 :]