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import os
import select
import sys
import traceback
from collections import defaultdict
from django.apps import apps
from django.core.management import BaseCommand, CommandError
from django.utils.datastructures import OrderedSet
class Command(BaseCommand):
help = (
"Runs a Python interactive interpreter. Tries to use IPython or "
"bpython, if one of them is available. Any standard input is executed "
"as code."
)
requires_system_checks = []
shells = ["ipython", "bpython", "python"]
def add_arguments(self, parser):
parser.add_argument(
"--no-startup",
action="store_true",
help=(
"When using plain Python, ignore the PYTHONSTARTUP environment "
"variable and ~/.pythonrc.py script."
),
)
parser.add_argument(
"--no-imports",
action="store_true",
help="Disable automatic imports of models.",
)
parser.add_argument(
"-i",
"--interface",
choices=self.shells,
help=(
"Specify an interactive interpreter interface. Available options: "
'"ipython", "bpython", and "python"'
),
)
parser.add_argument(
"-c",
"--command",
help=(
"Instead of opening an interactive shell, run a command as Django and "
"exit."
),
)
def ipython(self, options):
from IPython import start_ipython
start_ipython(
argv=[],
user_ns=self.get_and_report_namespace(
options["verbosity"], options["no_imports"]
),
)
def bpython(self, options):
import bpython
bpython.embed(
self.get_and_report_namespace(options["verbosity"], options["no_imports"])
)
def python(self, options):
import code
# Set up a dictionary to serve as the environment for the shell.
imported_objects = self.get_and_report_namespace(
options["verbosity"], options["no_imports"]
)
# We want to honor both $PYTHONSTARTUP and .pythonrc.py, so follow system
# conventions and get $PYTHONSTARTUP first then .pythonrc.py.
if not options["no_startup"]:
for pythonrc in OrderedSet(
[os.environ.get("PYTHONSTARTUP"), os.path.expanduser("~/.pythonrc.py")]
):
if not pythonrc:
continue
if not os.path.isfile(pythonrc):
continue
with open(pythonrc) as handle:
pythonrc_code = handle.read()
# Match the behavior of the cpython shell where an error in
# PYTHONSTARTUP prints an exception and continues.
try:
exec(compile(pythonrc_code, pythonrc, "exec"), imported_objects)
except Exception:
traceback.print_exc()
# By default, this will set up readline to do tab completion and to read and
# write history to the .python_history file, but this can be overridden by
# $PYTHONSTARTUP or ~/.pythonrc.py.
try:
hook = sys.__interactivehook__
except AttributeError:
# Match the behavior of the cpython shell where a missing
# sys.__interactivehook__ is ignored.
pass
else:
try:
hook()
except Exception:
# Match the behavior of the cpython shell where an error in
# sys.__interactivehook__ prints a warning and the exception
# and continues.
print("Failed calling sys.__interactivehook__")
traceback.print_exc()
# Set up tab completion for objects imported by $PYTHONSTARTUP or
# ~/.pythonrc.py.
try:
import readline
import rlcompleter
readline.set_completer(rlcompleter.Completer(imported_objects).complete)
except ImportError:
pass
# Start the interactive interpreter.
code.interact(local=imported_objects)
def get_and_report_namespace(self, verbosity, no_imports=False):
if no_imports:
return {}
namespace = self.get_namespace()
if verbosity < 1:
return namespace
amount = len(namespace)
msg = f"{amount} objects imported automatically"
if verbosity < 2:
self.stdout.write(f"{msg} (use -v 2 for details).", self.style.SUCCESS)
return namespace
imports_by_module = defaultdict(list)
for obj_name, obj in namespace.items():
if hasattr(obj, "__module__") and (
(hasattr(obj, "__qualname__") and obj.__qualname__.find(".") == -1)
or not hasattr(obj, "__qualname__")
):
imports_by_module[obj.__module__].append(obj_name)
if not hasattr(obj, "__module__") and hasattr(obj, "__name__"):
tokens = obj.__name__.split(".")
if obj_name in tokens:
module = ".".join(t for t in tokens if t != obj_name)
imports_by_module[module].append(obj_name)
import_string = "\n".join(
[
f" from {module} import {objects}"
for module, imported_objects in imports_by_module.items()
if (objects := ", ".join(imported_objects))
]
)
try:
import isort
except ImportError:
pass
else:
import_string = isort.code(import_string)
self.stdout.write(
f"{msg}, including:\n\n{import_string}", self.style.SUCCESS, ending="\n\n"
)
return namespace
def get_namespace(self):
apps_models = apps.get_models()
namespace = {}
for model in reversed(apps_models):
if model.__module__:
namespace[model.__name__] = model
return namespace
def handle(self, **options):
# Execute the command and exit.
if options["command"]:
exec(options["command"], {**globals(), **self.get_namespace()})
return
# Execute stdin if it has anything to read and exit.
# Not supported on Windows due to select.select() limitations.
if (
sys.platform != "win32"
and not sys.stdin.isatty()
and select.select([sys.stdin], [], [], 0)[0]
):
exec(sys.stdin.read(), {**globals(), **self.get_namespace()})
return
available_shells = (
[options["interface"]] if options["interface"] else self.shells
)
for shell in available_shells:
try:
return getattr(self, shell)(options)
except ImportError:
pass
raise CommandError("Couldn't import {} interface.".format(shell))
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