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path: root/django/db/backends/base/operations.py
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2026-03-12Fixed #36727 -- Deprecated Field.get_placeholder in favor of ↵Simon Charette
get_placeholder_sql. The lack of ability of the get_placeholder call chain to return SQL and parameters separated so they can be mogrified by the backend at execution time forced implementations to dangerously interpolate potentially user controlled values. The get_placeholder_sql name was chosen due to its proximity to the previous method, but other options such as Field.as_sql were considered but ultimately rejected due to its different input signature compared to Expression.as_sql that might have lead to confusion. There is a lot of overlap between what Field.get_db_prep_value and get_placeholder_sql do but folding the latter in the former would require changing its return signature to return expression which is a way more invasive change than what is proposed here. Given we always call get_db_prep_value it might still be an avenue worth exploring in the future to offer a publicly documented interface to allow field to take an active part in the compilation chain. Thanks Jacob for the review.
2026-02-28Added DatabaseOperations.convert_trunc_expression() hook.Tim Graham
Needed on MongoDB.
2026-01-16Refs #36822 -- Hoisted bulk_batch_size() implementations to base backend.JaeHyuck Sa
2025-10-18Fixed #21961 -- Added support for database-level delete options for ForeignKey.Mariusz Felisiak
Thanks Simon Charette for pair programming. Co-authored-by: Nick Stefan <NickStefan12@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Akash Kumar Sen <71623442+Akash-Kumar-Sen@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Simon Charette <charette.s@gmail.com>
2025-09-23Fixed #36616 -- Added DatabaseOperations.adapt_durationfield_value().Tim Graham
2025-08-28Refs #27222 -- Adapted RETURNING handling to be usable for UPDATE queries.Simon Charette
Renamed existing methods and abstractions used for INSERT … RETURNING to be generic enough to be used in the context of UPDATEs as well. This also consolidates SQL compliant implementations on BaseDatabaseOperations.
2025-08-28Refs #27222 -- Implemented ↵Simon Charette
BaseDatabaseOperations.return_insert_columns()/fetch_returned_insert_rows().
2025-07-23Refs #36500 -- Rewrapped long docstrings and block comments via a script.django-bot
Rewrapped long docstrings and block comments to 79 characters + newline using script from https://github.com/medmunds/autofix-w505.
2025-05-14Fixed #36085 -- Added JSONField support for negative array indexing on SQLite.savanto
2025-05-14Refs #36085 -- Moved compile_json_path to BaseDatabaseOperations.hesham942
2025-03-17Fixed #34865 -- Released memory earlier than garbage collection on database ↵fowczrek
wrapping layers. Thank you Florian Apolloner, Jake Howard and Patryk Zawadzki for the clarifying comments and reviews.
2025-01-18Fixed #35448 -- Fixed formatting of test --debug-sql output.Tim Graham
Also adds DatabaseOperations.format_debug_sql() hook for backends (e.g. NoSQL) to customize formatting.
2025-01-15Refs #34547 -- Removed DatabaseOperations.field_cast_sql() per deprecation ↵Sarah Boyce
timeline.
2024-12-09Refs #35982 -- Made BaseDatabaseOperations.adapt_decimalfield_value() a no-op.Simon Charette
2024-08-28Refs #34547 -- Adjusted deprecation warning stacklevel in ↵Simon Charette
DatabaseOperations.field_cast_sql().
2024-03-14Refs #35295 -- Added BaseDatabaseOperations.bulk_insert_sql().Mariusz Felisiak
Co-authored-by: Nick Pope <nick@nickpope.me.uk>
2024-01-16Fixed #35111 -- Fixed compilation of DateField __in/__range rhs on SQLite ↵Simon Charette
and MySQL. Also removed tests that ensured that adapt_(date)timefield backend operations where able to deal with expressions when it's not the case for any other adapt methods.
2023-11-13Fixed #34967 -- Fixed queryset crash when grouping by constants on SQLite < ↵David Sanders
3.39. On SQLite < 3.39, this forces a GROUP BY clause with a HAVING clause when no grouping is specified. Co-authored-by: Simon Charette <charette.s@gmail.com>
2023-10-28Refs #29850 -- Added RowRange support for positive integer start and ↵Sarah Boyce
negative integer end.
2023-08-31Fixed #34547 -- Deprecated DatabaseOperations.field_cast_sql().David Smith
2023-04-18Fixed #16055 -- Fixed crash when filtering against char/text GenericRelation ↵David Wobrock
relation on PostgreSQL.
2023-02-01Refs #33476 -- Applied Black's 2023 stable style.David Smith
Black 23.1.0 is released which, as the first release of the year, introduces the 2023 stable style. This incorporates most of last year's preview style. https://github.com/psf/black/releases/tag/23.1.0
2022-12-15Fixed #33308 -- Added support for psycopg version 3.Daniele Varrazzo
Thanks Simon Charette, Tim Graham, and Adam Johnson for reviews. Co-authored-by: Florian Apolloner <florian@apolloner.eu> Co-authored-by: Mariusz Felisiak <felisiak.mariusz@gmail.com>
2022-11-15Refs #33308 -- Used get_db_prep_value() to adapt JSONFields.Simon Charette
2022-07-06Refs CVE-2022-34265 -- Properly escaped Extract() and Trunc() parameters.Simon Charette
Co-authored-by: Mariusz Felisiak <felisiak.mariusz@gmail.com>
2022-07-04Fixed CVE-2022-34265 -- Protected Trunc(kind)/Extract(lookup_name) against ↵Mariusz Felisiak
SQL injection. Thanks Takuto Yoshikai (Aeye Security Lab) for the report.
2022-04-14Expanded QuerySet.explain() error message if a backend supports no formats.Tim Graham
2022-02-07Refs #33476 -- Refactored code to strictly match 88 characters line length.Mariusz Felisiak
2022-02-07Refs #33476 -- Reformatted code with Black.django-bot
2022-01-19Fixed #31685 -- Added support for updating conflicts to QuerySet.bulk_create().sean_c_hsu
Thanks Florian Apolloner, Chris Jerdonek, Hannes Ljungberg, Nick Pope, and Mariusz Felisiak for reviews.
2021-12-09Fixed #33340 -- Fixed unquoted column names in queries used by DatabaseCache.Arsa
2021-11-19Fixed #33229 -- Fixed ↵SwastikTripathi
BaseDatabaseOperations.adapt_datetimefield_value()/adapt_timefield_value() crash with expressions.
2021-10-22Fixed #33214 -- Added ↵Manaia Junior
BaseDatabaseOperations.format_for_duration_arithmetic() stub method.
2021-03-23Fixed #32573 -- Fixed bounds in __iso_year lookup optimization.Florian Demmer
2020-10-14Fixed #31640 -- Made Trunc() truncate datetimes to Date/TimeField in a ↵David-Wobrock
specific timezone.
2020-10-02Fixed #32060 -- Added Random database function.Nick Pope
2020-08-28Fixed #31956 -- Fixed crash of ordering by JSONField with a custom decoder ↵Mariusz Felisiak
on PostgreSQL. Thanks Marc Debureaux for the report. Thanks Simon Charette, Nick Pope, and Adam Johnson for reviews.
2020-06-30Fixed #28925 -- Fixed durations-only expressions crash on SQLite and MySQL.Sergey Fedoseev
This removes also unused DatabaseOperations.date_interval_sql().
2020-05-21Fixed #30375 -- Added FOR NO KEY UPDATE support to ↵Manuel Weitzman
QuerySet.select_for_update() on PostgreSQL.
2020-05-08Fixed #12990, Refs #27694 -- Added JSONField model field.sage
Thanks to Adam Johnson, Carlton Gibson, Mariusz Felisiak, and Raphael Michel for mentoring this Google Summer of Code 2019 project and everyone else who helped with the patch. Special thanks to Mads Jensen, Nick Pope, and Simon Charette for extensive reviews. Co-authored-by: Mariusz Felisiak <felisiak.mariusz@gmail.com>
2020-05-06Fixed a/an typos in "SQL" usage.Adam Johnson
2020-04-20Fixed #31477 -- Removed "using" argument from ↵Jon Dufresne
DatabaseOperations.execute_sql_flush().
2020-04-17Fixed #31473 -- Made sql_flush() use RESTART IDENTITY to reset sequences on ↵Jon Dufresne
PostgreSQL. The sql_flush() positional argument sequences is replaced by the boolean keyword-only argument reset_sequences. This ensures that the old function signature can't be used by mistake when upgrading Django. When the new argument is True, the sequences of the truncated tables will reset. Using a single boolean value, rather than a list, allows making a binary yes/no choice as to whether to reset all sequences rather than a working on a completely different set.
2020-01-20Fixed #31183 -- Added a feature flag for "<db> only supports UNBOUNDED ↵Tim Graham
together with PRECEDING and FOLLOWING".
2020-01-03Fixed #31133 -- Fixed crash when subtracting against a subquery annotation.Simon Charette
The subtract_temporals() database operation was not handling expressions returning SQL params in mixed database types. Regression in 35431298226165986ad07e91f9d3aca721ff38ec. Thanks Reupen Shah for the report.
2019-11-19Fixed #30987 -- Added models.PositiveBigIntegerField.Caio Ariede
2019-09-24Fixed #29444 -- Allowed returning multiple fields from INSERT statements on ↵Johannes Hoppe
Oracle.
2019-09-09Refs #29444 -- Allowed returning multiple fields from INSERT statements on ↵Johannes Hoppe
PostgreSQL. Thanks Florian Apolloner, Tim Graham, Simon Charette, Nick Pope, and Mariusz Felisiak for reviews.
2019-08-29Fixed #25367 -- Allowed boolean expressions in QuerySet.filter() and exclude().Matthew Schinckel
This allows using expressions that have an output_field that is a BooleanField to be used directly in a queryset filters, or in the When() clauses of a Case() expression. Thanks Josh Smeaton, Tim Graham, Simon Charette, Mariusz Felisiak, and Adam Johnson for reviews. Co-Authored-By: NyanKiyoshi <hello@vanille.bid>
2019-08-20Fixed #29979, Refs #17337 -- Extracted AutoField field logic into a mixin ↵Nick Pope
and refactored AutoFields. This reduces duplication by allowing AutoField, BigAutoField and SmallAutoField to inherit from IntegerField, BigIntegerField and SmallIntegerField respectively. Doing so also allows for enabling the max_length warning check and minimum/maximum value validation for auto fields, as well as providing a mixin that can be used for other possible future auto field types such as a theoretical UUIDAutoField.
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