[4.0.x] Refs #33476 -- Reformatted code with Black.

Backport of 9c19aff7c7561e3a82978a272ecdaad40dda5c00 from main.

15 files changed, 194 insertions, 157 deletions

diff --git a/tests/apps/apps.py b/tests/apps/apps.py
index efd2983779..ec1c0a639f 100644
--- a/tests/apps/apps.py
+++ b/tests/apps/apps.py
@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@ from django.apps import AppConfig
 
 
 class MyAdmin(AppConfig):
-    name = 'django.contrib.admin'
+    name = "django.contrib.admin"
     verbose_name = "Admin sweet admin."
 
 
 class MyAuth(AppConfig):
-    name = 'django.contrib.auth'
-    label = 'myauth'
+    name = "django.contrib.auth"
+    label = "myauth"
     verbose_name = "All your password are belong to us."
 
 
@@ -17,22 +17,22 @@ class BadConfig(AppConfig):
 
 
 class NotAConfig:
-    name = 'apps'
+    name = "apps"
 
 
 class NoSuchApp(AppConfig):
-    name = 'there is no such app'
+    name = "there is no such app"
 
 
 class PlainAppsConfig(AppConfig):
-    name = 'apps'
+    name = "apps"
 
 
 class RelabeledAppsConfig(AppConfig):
-    name = 'apps'
-    label = 'relabeled'
+    name = "apps"
+    label = "relabeled"
 
 
 class ModelPKAppsConfig(AppConfig):
-    name = 'apps'
-    default_auto_field = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
+    name = "apps"
+    default_auto_field = "django.db.models.BigAutoField"
diff --git a/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_app/__init__.py b/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_app/__init__.py
index d97f1b3f21..03215a5ecf 100644
--- a/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_app/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_app/__init__.py
@@ -1 +1 @@
-default_app_config = 'apps.explicit_default_config_app.apps.ExplicitDefaultConfig'
+default_app_config = "apps.explicit_default_config_app.apps.ExplicitDefaultConfig"
diff --git a/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_app/apps.py b/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_app/apps.py
index e41ad5dcbb..2f876ef71f 100644
--- a/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_app/apps.py
+++ b/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_app/apps.py
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ from django.apps import AppConfig
 
 
 class ExplicitDefaultConfig(AppConfig):
-    name = 'apps.explicit_default_config_app'
+    name = "apps.explicit_default_config_app"
diff --git a/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_empty_apps/__init__.py b/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_empty_apps/__init__.py
index a7a4f548d7..7c3f0828c0 100644
--- a/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_empty_apps/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_empty_apps/__init__.py
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 from django.apps import AppConfig
 
-default_app_config = 'apps.explicit_default_config_empty_apps.ExplicitDefaultConfigEmptyApps'
+default_app_config = (
+    "apps.explicit_default_config_empty_apps.ExplicitDefaultConfigEmptyApps"
+)
 
 
 class ExplicitDefaultConfigEmptyApps(AppConfig):
-    name = 'apps.explicit_default_config_empty_apps'
+    name = "apps.explicit_default_config_empty_apps"
diff --git a/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_mismatch_app/__init__.py b/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_mismatch_app/__init__.py
index 8889145538..08e184f54d 100644
--- a/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_mismatch_app/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_mismatch_app/__init__.py
@@ -1 +1,3 @@
-default_app_config = 'apps.explicit_default_config_mismatch_app.not_apps.ExplicitDefaultConfigMismatch'
+default_app_config = (
+    "apps.explicit_default_config_mismatch_app.not_apps.ExplicitDefaultConfigMismatch"
+)
diff --git a/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_mismatch_app/apps.py b/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_mismatch_app/apps.py
index ddbead408d..522fc860df 100644
--- a/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_mismatch_app/apps.py
+++ b/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_mismatch_app/apps.py
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ from django.apps import AppConfig
 
 
 class ImplicitDefaultConfigMismatch(AppConfig):
-    name = 'apps.explicit_default_config_mismatch_app'
+    name = "apps.explicit_default_config_mismatch_app"
diff --git a/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_mismatch_app/not_apps.py b/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_mismatch_app/not_apps.py
index 941d35c3d2..1e308092e4 100644
--- a/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_mismatch_app/not_apps.py
+++ b/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_mismatch_app/not_apps.py
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ from django.apps import AppConfig
 
 
 class ExplicitDefaultConfigMismatch(AppConfig):
-    name = 'apps.explicit_default_config_mismatch_app'
+    name = "apps.explicit_default_config_mismatch_app"
diff --git a/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_without_apps/__init__.py b/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_without_apps/__init__.py
index c42323376f..1659feac7a 100644
--- a/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_without_apps/__init__.py
+++ b/tests/apps/explicit_default_config_without_apps/__init__.py
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 from django.apps import AppConfig
 
-default_app_config = 'apps.explicit_default_config_without_apps.ExplicitDefaultConfigWithoutApps'
+default_app_config = (
+    "apps.explicit_default_config_without_apps.ExplicitDefaultConfigWithoutApps"
+)
 
 
 class ExplicitDefaultConfigWithoutApps(AppConfig):
-    name = 'apps.explicit_default_config_without_apps'
+    name = "apps.explicit_default_config_without_apps"
diff --git a/tests/apps/models.py b/tests/apps/models.py
index f5f5926ea6..06ab455409 100644
--- a/tests/apps/models.py
+++ b/tests/apps/models.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from django.db import models
 
 # We're testing app registry presence on load, so this is handy.
 
-new_apps = Apps(['apps'])
+new_apps = Apps(["apps"])
 
 
 class TotallyNormal(models.Model):
diff --git a/tests/apps/namespace_package_base/nsapp/apps.py b/tests/apps/namespace_package_base/nsapp/apps.py
index a81362e5b2..d728aeebc7 100644
--- a/tests/apps/namespace_package_base/nsapp/apps.py
+++ b/tests/apps/namespace_package_base/nsapp/apps.py
@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ from django.apps import AppConfig
 
 class NSAppConfig(AppConfig):
     default = False
-    name = 'nsapp'
+    name = "nsapp"
     path = os.path.dirname(__file__)
diff --git a/tests/apps/one_config_app/apps.py b/tests/apps/one_config_app/apps.py
index 8b44796e42..0fbf5efd3b 100644
--- a/tests/apps/one_config_app/apps.py
+++ b/tests/apps/one_config_app/apps.py
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ from django.apps import AppConfig
 
 
 class OneConfig(AppConfig):
-    name = 'apps.one_config_app'
+    name = "apps.one_config_app"
diff --git a/tests/apps/tests.py b/tests/apps/tests.py
index a8a93ce683..bf3c25ab0b 100644
--- a/tests/apps/tests.py
+++ b/tests/apps/tests.py
@@ -11,12 +11,8 @@ from django.utils.deprecation import RemovedInDjango41Warning
 
 from .explicit_default_config_app.apps import ExplicitDefaultConfig
 from .explicit_default_config_empty_apps import ExplicitDefaultConfigEmptyApps
-from .explicit_default_config_mismatch_app.not_apps import (
-    ExplicitDefaultConfigMismatch,
-)
-from .explicit_default_config_without_apps import (
-    ExplicitDefaultConfigWithoutApps,
-)
+from .explicit_default_config_mismatch_app.not_apps import ExplicitDefaultConfigMismatch
+from .explicit_default_config_without_apps import ExplicitDefaultConfigWithoutApps
 from .models import SoAlternative, TotallyNormal, new_apps
 from .one_config_app.apps import OneConfig
 from .two_configs_one_default_app.apps import TwoConfig
@@ -25,24 +21,23 @@ from .two_configs_one_default_app.apps import TwoConfig
 # Intentionally not in alphabetical order to check if the order is preserved.
 
 SOME_INSTALLED_APPS = [
-    'apps.apps.MyAdmin',
-    'apps.apps.MyAuth',
-    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
-    'django.contrib.sessions',
-    'django.contrib.messages',
-    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
+    "apps.apps.MyAdmin",
+    "apps.apps.MyAuth",
+    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
+    "django.contrib.sessions",
+    "django.contrib.messages",
+    "django.contrib.staticfiles",
 ]
 
 SOME_INSTALLED_APPS_NAMES = [
-    'django.contrib.admin',
-    'django.contrib.auth',
+    "django.contrib.admin",
+    "django.contrib.auth",
 ] + SOME_INSTALLED_APPS[2:]
 
 HERE = os.path.dirname(__file__)
 
 
 class AppsTests(SimpleTestCase):
-
     def test_singleton_master(self):
         """
         Only one master registry can exist.
@@ -68,7 +63,7 @@ class AppsTests(SimpleTestCase):
         """
         msg = "'apps.apps.BadConfig' must supply a name attribute."
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ImproperlyConfigured, msg):
-            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.apps.BadConfig']):
+            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.apps.BadConfig"]):
                 pass
 
     def test_not_an_app_config(self):
@@ -77,7 +72,7 @@ class AppsTests(SimpleTestCase):
         """
         msg = "'apps.apps.NotAConfig' isn't a subclass of AppConfig."
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ImproperlyConfigured, msg):
-            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.apps.NotAConfig']):
+            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.apps.NotAConfig"]):
                 pass
 
     def test_no_such_app(self):
@@ -86,17 +81,17 @@ class AppsTests(SimpleTestCase):
         directly or via an app config.
         """
         with self.assertRaises(ImportError):
-            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['there is no such app']):
+            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["there is no such app"]):
                 pass
         msg = "Cannot import 'there is no such app'. Check that 'apps.apps.NoSuchApp.name' is correct."
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ImproperlyConfigured, msg):
-            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.apps.NoSuchApp']):
+            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.apps.NoSuchApp"]):
                 pass
 
     def test_no_such_app_config(self):
         msg = "Module 'apps' does not contain a 'NoSuchConfig' class."
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ImportError, msg):
-            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.NoSuchConfig']):
+            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.NoSuchConfig"]):
                 pass
 
     def test_no_such_app_config_with_choices(self):
@@ -106,25 +101,25 @@ class AppsTests(SimpleTestCase):
             "'MyAuth', 'NoSuchApp', 'PlainAppsConfig', 'RelabeledAppsConfig'."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ImportError, msg):
-            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.apps.NoSuchConfig']):
+            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.apps.NoSuchConfig"]):
                 pass
 
     def test_no_config_app(self):
         """Load an app that doesn't provide an AppConfig class."""
-        with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.no_config_app']):
-            config = apps.get_app_config('no_config_app')
+        with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.no_config_app"]):
+            config = apps.get_app_config("no_config_app")
         self.assertIsInstance(config, AppConfig)
 
     def test_one_config_app(self):
         """Load an app that provides an AppConfig class."""
-        with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.one_config_app']):
-            config = apps.get_app_config('one_config_app')
+        with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.one_config_app"]):
+            config = apps.get_app_config("one_config_app")
         self.assertIsInstance(config, OneConfig)
 
     def test_two_configs_app(self):
         """Load an app that provides two AppConfig classes."""
-        with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.two_configs_app']):
-            config = apps.get_app_config('two_configs_app')
+        with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.two_configs_app"]):
+            config = apps.get_app_config("two_configs_app")
         self.assertIsInstance(config, AppConfig)
 
     def test_two_default_configs_app(self):
@@ -134,15 +129,15 @@ class AppsTests(SimpleTestCase):
             "default AppConfig: 'TwoConfig', 'TwoConfigBis'."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(RuntimeError, msg):
-            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.two_default_configs_app']):
+            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.two_default_configs_app"]):
                 pass
 
     def test_two_configs_one_default_app(self):
         """
         Load an app that provides two AppConfig classes, one being the default.
         """
-        with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.two_configs_one_default_app']):
-            config = apps.get_app_config('two_configs_one_default_app')
+        with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.two_configs_one_default_app"]):
+            config = apps.get_app_config("two_configs_one_default_app")
         self.assertIsInstance(config, TwoConfig)
 
     @override_settings(INSTALLED_APPS=SOME_INSTALLED_APPS)
@@ -151,69 +146,77 @@ class AppsTests(SimpleTestCase):
         Tests apps.get_app_configs().
         """
         app_configs = apps.get_app_configs()
-        self.assertEqual([app_config.name for app_config in app_configs], SOME_INSTALLED_APPS_NAMES)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [app_config.name for app_config in app_configs], SOME_INSTALLED_APPS_NAMES
+        )
 
     @override_settings(INSTALLED_APPS=SOME_INSTALLED_APPS)
     def test_get_app_config(self):
         """
         Tests apps.get_app_config().
         """
-        app_config = apps.get_app_config('admin')
-        self.assertEqual(app_config.name, 'django.contrib.admin')
+        app_config = apps.get_app_config("admin")
+        self.assertEqual(app_config.name, "django.contrib.admin")
 
-        app_config = apps.get_app_config('staticfiles')
-        self.assertEqual(app_config.name, 'django.contrib.staticfiles')
+        app_config = apps.get_app_config("staticfiles")
+        self.assertEqual(app_config.name, "django.contrib.staticfiles")
 
         with self.assertRaises(LookupError):
-            apps.get_app_config('admindocs')
+            apps.get_app_config("admindocs")
 
         msg = "No installed app with label 'django.contrib.auth'. Did you mean 'myauth'"
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(LookupError, msg):
-            apps.get_app_config('django.contrib.auth')
+            apps.get_app_config("django.contrib.auth")
 
     @override_settings(INSTALLED_APPS=SOME_INSTALLED_APPS)
     def test_is_installed(self):
         """
         Tests apps.is_installed().
         """
-        self.assertIs(apps.is_installed('django.contrib.admin'), True)
-        self.assertIs(apps.is_installed('django.contrib.auth'), True)
-        self.assertIs(apps.is_installed('django.contrib.staticfiles'), True)
-        self.assertIs(apps.is_installed('django.contrib.admindocs'), False)
+        self.assertIs(apps.is_installed("django.contrib.admin"), True)
+        self.assertIs(apps.is_installed("django.contrib.auth"), True)
+        self.assertIs(apps.is_installed("django.contrib.staticfiles"), True)
+        self.assertIs(apps.is_installed("django.contrib.admindocs"), False)
 
     @override_settings(INSTALLED_APPS=SOME_INSTALLED_APPS)
     def test_get_model(self):
         """
         Tests apps.get_model().
         """
-        self.assertEqual(apps.get_model('admin', 'LogEntry'), LogEntry)
+        self.assertEqual(apps.get_model("admin", "LogEntry"), LogEntry)
         with self.assertRaises(LookupError):
-            apps.get_model('admin', 'LogExit')
+            apps.get_model("admin", "LogExit")
 
         # App label is case-sensitive, Model name is case-insensitive.
-        self.assertEqual(apps.get_model('admin', 'loGentrY'), LogEntry)
+        self.assertEqual(apps.get_model("admin", "loGentrY"), LogEntry)
         with self.assertRaises(LookupError):
-            apps.get_model('Admin', 'LogEntry')
+            apps.get_model("Admin", "LogEntry")
 
         # A single argument is accepted.
-        self.assertEqual(apps.get_model('admin.LogEntry'), LogEntry)
+        self.assertEqual(apps.get_model("admin.LogEntry"), LogEntry)
         with self.assertRaises(LookupError):
-            apps.get_model('admin.LogExit')
+            apps.get_model("admin.LogExit")
         with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
-            apps.get_model('admin_LogEntry')
+            apps.get_model("admin_LogEntry")
 
-    @override_settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.apps.RelabeledAppsConfig'])
+    @override_settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.apps.RelabeledAppsConfig"])
     def test_relabeling(self):
-        self.assertEqual(apps.get_app_config('relabeled').name, 'apps')
+        self.assertEqual(apps.get_app_config("relabeled").name, "apps")
 
     def test_duplicate_labels(self):
-        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ImproperlyConfigured, "Application labels aren't unique"):
-            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.apps.PlainAppsConfig', 'apps']):
+        with self.assertRaisesMessage(
+            ImproperlyConfigured, "Application labels aren't unique"
+        ):
+            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.apps.PlainAppsConfig", "apps"]):
                 pass
 
     def test_duplicate_names(self):
-        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ImproperlyConfigured, "Application names aren't unique"):
-            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.apps.RelabeledAppsConfig', 'apps']):
+        with self.assertRaisesMessage(
+            ImproperlyConfigured, "Application names aren't unique"
+        ):
+            with self.settings(
+                INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.apps.RelabeledAppsConfig", "apps"]
+            ):
                 pass
 
     def test_import_exception_is_not_masked(self):
@@ -221,7 +224,7 @@ class AppsTests(SimpleTestCase):
         App discovery should preserve stack traces. Regression test for #22920.
         """
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ImportError, "Oops"):
-            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['import_error_package']):
+            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["import_error_package"]):
                 pass
 
     def test_models_py(self):
@@ -244,7 +247,9 @@ class AppsTests(SimpleTestCase):
         try:
             # The cache must be cleared to trigger the exception.
             apps.get_models.cache_clear()
-            with self.assertRaisesMessage(AppRegistryNotReady, "Models aren't loaded yet."):
+            with self.assertRaisesMessage(
+                AppRegistryNotReady, "Models aren't loaded yet."
+            ):
                 apps.get_models()
         finally:
             apps.models_ready = True
@@ -258,12 +263,12 @@ class AppsTests(SimpleTestCase):
         body = {}
         new_apps = Apps(["apps"])
         meta_contents = {
-            'app_label': "apps",
-            'apps': new_apps,
+            "app_label": "apps",
+            "apps": new_apps,
         }
         meta = type("Meta", (), meta_contents)
-        body['Meta'] = meta
-        body['__module__'] = TotallyNormal.__module__
+        body["Meta"] = meta
+        body["__module__"] = TotallyNormal.__module__
         temp_model = type("SouthPonies", (models.Model,), body)
         # Make sure it appeared in the right place!
         self.assertEqual(list(apps.get_app_config("apps").get_models()), old_models)
@@ -277,21 +282,21 @@ class AppsTests(SimpleTestCase):
         """
         new_apps = Apps(["apps"])
         meta_contents = {
-            'app_label': "apps",
-            'apps': new_apps,
+            "app_label": "apps",
+            "apps": new_apps,
         }
 
         body = {}
-        body['Meta'] = type("Meta", (), meta_contents)
-        body['__module__'] = TotallyNormal.__module__
+        body["Meta"] = type("Meta", (), meta_contents)
+        body["__module__"] = TotallyNormal.__module__
         type("SouthPonies", (models.Model,), body)
 
         # When __name__ and __module__ match we assume the module
         # was reloaded and issue a warning. This use-case is
         # useful for REPL. Refs #23621.
         body = {}
-        body['Meta'] = type("Meta", (), meta_contents)
-        body['__module__'] = TotallyNormal.__module__
+        body["Meta"] = type("Meta", (), meta_contents)
+        body["__module__"] = TotallyNormal.__module__
         msg = (
             "Model 'apps.southponies' was already registered. "
             "Reloading models is not advised as it can lead to inconsistencies, "
@@ -303,9 +308,11 @@ class AppsTests(SimpleTestCase):
         # If it doesn't appear to be a reloaded module then we expect
         # a RuntimeError.
         body = {}
-        body['Meta'] = type("Meta", (), meta_contents)
-        body['__module__'] = TotallyNormal.__module__ + '.whatever'
-        with self.assertRaisesMessage(RuntimeError, "Conflicting 'southponies' models in application 'apps':"):
+        body["Meta"] = type("Meta", (), meta_contents)
+        body["__module__"] = TotallyNormal.__module__ + ".whatever"
+        with self.assertRaisesMessage(
+            RuntimeError, "Conflicting 'southponies' models in application 'apps':"
+        ):
             type("SouthPonies", (models.Model,), body)
 
     def test_get_containing_app_config_apps_not_ready(self):
@@ -315,12 +322,14 @@ class AppsTests(SimpleTestCase):
         """
         apps.apps_ready = False
         try:
-            with self.assertRaisesMessage(AppRegistryNotReady, "Apps aren't loaded yet"):
-                apps.get_containing_app_config('foo')
+            with self.assertRaisesMessage(
+                AppRegistryNotReady, "Apps aren't loaded yet"
+            ):
+                apps.get_containing_app_config("foo")
         finally:
             apps.apps_ready = True
 
-    @isolate_apps('apps', kwarg_name='apps')
+    @isolate_apps("apps", kwarg_name="apps")
     def test_lazy_model_operation(self, apps):
         """
         Tests apps.lazy_model_operation().
@@ -335,15 +344,20 @@ class AppsTests(SimpleTestCase):
             pass
 
         # Test models appearing twice, and models appearing consecutively
-        model_keys = [('apps', model_name) for model_name in ['lazya', 'lazyb', 'lazyb', 'lazyc', 'lazya']]
+        model_keys = [
+            ("apps", model_name)
+            for model_name in ["lazya", "lazyb", "lazyb", "lazyc", "lazya"]
+        ]
         apps.lazy_model_operation(test_func, *model_keys)
 
         # LazyModelA shouldn't be waited on since it's already registered,
         # and LazyModelC shouldn't be waited on until LazyModelB exists.
-        self.assertEqual(set(apps._pending_operations) - initial_pending, {('apps', 'lazyb')})
+        self.assertEqual(
+            set(apps._pending_operations) - initial_pending, {("apps", "lazyb")}
+        )
 
         # Multiple operations can wait on the same model
-        apps.lazy_model_operation(test_func, ('apps', 'lazyb'))
+        apps.lazy_model_operation(test_func, ("apps", "lazyb"))
 
         class LazyB(models.Model):
             pass
@@ -351,7 +365,9 @@ class AppsTests(SimpleTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(model_classes, [LazyB])
 
         # Now we are just waiting on LazyModelC.
-        self.assertEqual(set(apps._pending_operations) - initial_pending, {('apps', 'lazyc')})
+        self.assertEqual(
+            set(apps._pending_operations) - initial_pending, {("apps", "lazyc")}
+        )
 
         class LazyC(models.Model):
             pass
@@ -367,104 +383,107 @@ class Stub:
 
 class AppConfigTests(SimpleTestCase):
     """Unit tests for AppConfig class."""
+
     def test_path_set_explicitly(self):
         """If subclass sets path as class attr, no module attributes needed."""
+
         class MyAppConfig(AppConfig):
-            path = 'foo'
+            path = "foo"
 
-        ac = MyAppConfig('label', Stub())
+        ac = MyAppConfig("label", Stub())
 
-        self.assertEqual(ac.path, 'foo')
+        self.assertEqual(ac.path, "foo")
 
     def test_explicit_path_overrides(self):
         """If path set as class attr, overrides __path__ and __file__."""
+
         class MyAppConfig(AppConfig):
-            path = 'foo'
+            path = "foo"
 
-        ac = MyAppConfig('label', Stub(__path__=['a'], __file__='b/__init__.py'))
+        ac = MyAppConfig("label", Stub(__path__=["a"], __file__="b/__init__.py"))
 
-        self.assertEqual(ac.path, 'foo')
+        self.assertEqual(ac.path, "foo")
 
     def test_dunder_path(self):
         """If single element in __path__, use it (in preference to __file__)."""
-        ac = AppConfig('label', Stub(__path__=['a'], __file__='b/__init__.py'))
+        ac = AppConfig("label", Stub(__path__=["a"], __file__="b/__init__.py"))
 
-        self.assertEqual(ac.path, 'a')
+        self.assertEqual(ac.path, "a")
 
     def test_no_dunder_path_fallback_to_dunder_file(self):
         """If there is no __path__ attr, use __file__."""
-        ac = AppConfig('label', Stub(__file__='b/__init__.py'))
+        ac = AppConfig("label", Stub(__file__="b/__init__.py"))
 
-        self.assertEqual(ac.path, 'b')
+        self.assertEqual(ac.path, "b")
 
     def test_empty_dunder_path_fallback_to_dunder_file(self):
         """If the __path__ attr is empty, use __file__ if set."""
-        ac = AppConfig('label', Stub(__path__=[], __file__='b/__init__.py'))
+        ac = AppConfig("label", Stub(__path__=[], __file__="b/__init__.py"))
 
-        self.assertEqual(ac.path, 'b')
+        self.assertEqual(ac.path, "b")
 
     def test_multiple_dunder_path_fallback_to_dunder_file(self):
         """If the __path__ attr is length>1, use __file__ if set."""
-        ac = AppConfig('label', Stub(__path__=['a', 'b'], __file__='c/__init__.py'))
+        ac = AppConfig("label", Stub(__path__=["a", "b"], __file__="c/__init__.py"))
 
-        self.assertEqual(ac.path, 'c')
+        self.assertEqual(ac.path, "c")
 
     def test_no_dunder_path_or_dunder_file(self):
         """If there is no __path__ or __file__, raise ImproperlyConfigured."""
         with self.assertRaises(ImproperlyConfigured):
-            AppConfig('label', Stub())
+            AppConfig("label", Stub())
 
     def test_empty_dunder_path_no_dunder_file(self):
         """If the __path__ attr is empty and there is no __file__, raise."""
         with self.assertRaises(ImproperlyConfigured):
-            AppConfig('label', Stub(__path__=[]))
+            AppConfig("label", Stub(__path__=[]))
 
     def test_multiple_dunder_path_no_dunder_file(self):
         """If the __path__ attr is length>1 and there is no __file__, raise."""
         with self.assertRaises(ImproperlyConfigured):
-            AppConfig('label', Stub(__path__=['a', 'b']))
+            AppConfig("label", Stub(__path__=["a", "b"]))
 
     def test_duplicate_dunder_path_no_dunder_file(self):
         """
         If the __path__ attr contains duplicate paths and there is no
         __file__, they duplicates should be deduplicated (#25246).
         """
-        ac = AppConfig('label', Stub(__path__=['a', 'a']))
-        self.assertEqual(ac.path, 'a')
+        ac = AppConfig("label", Stub(__path__=["a", "a"]))
+        self.assertEqual(ac.path, "a")
 
     def test_repr(self):
-        ac = AppConfig('label', Stub(__path__=['a']))
-        self.assertEqual(repr(ac), '<AppConfig: label>')
+        ac = AppConfig("label", Stub(__path__=["a"]))
+        self.assertEqual(repr(ac), "<AppConfig: label>")
 
     def test_invalid_label(self):
         class MyAppConfig(AppConfig):
-            label = 'invalid.label'
+            label = "invalid.label"
 
         msg = "The app label 'invalid.label' is not a valid Python identifier."
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ImproperlyConfigured, msg):
-            MyAppConfig('test_app', Stub())
+            MyAppConfig("test_app", Stub())
 
     @override_settings(
-        INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.apps.ModelPKAppsConfig'],
-        DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD='django.db.models.SmallAutoField',
+        INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.apps.ModelPKAppsConfig"],
+        DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD="django.db.models.SmallAutoField",
     )
     def test_app_default_auto_field(self):
-        apps_config = apps.get_app_config('apps')
+        apps_config = apps.get_app_config("apps")
         self.assertEqual(
             apps_config.default_auto_field,
-            'django.db.models.BigAutoField',
+            "django.db.models.BigAutoField",
         )
         self.assertIs(apps_config._is_default_auto_field_overridden, True)
 
     @override_settings(
-        INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.apps.PlainAppsConfig'],
-        DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD='django.db.models.SmallAutoField',
+        INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.apps.PlainAppsConfig"],
+        DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD="django.db.models.SmallAutoField",
     )
     def test_default_auto_field_setting(self):
-        apps_config = apps.get_app_config('apps')
+        apps_config = apps.get_app_config("apps")
         self.assertEqual(
             apps_config.default_auto_field,
-            'django.db.models.SmallAutoField',
+            "django.db.models.SmallAutoField",
         )
         self.assertIs(apps_config._is_default_auto_field_overridden, False)
 
@@ -474,17 +493,17 @@ class NamespacePackageAppTests(SimpleTestCase):
     # location for it (if its inside a normal package with an __init__.py that
     # isn't possible). In order to avoid cluttering the already-full tests/ dir
     # (which is on sys.path), we add these new entries to sys.path temporarily.
-    base_location = os.path.join(HERE, 'namespace_package_base')
-    other_location = os.path.join(HERE, 'namespace_package_other_base')
-    app_path = os.path.join(base_location, 'nsapp')
+    base_location = os.path.join(HERE, "namespace_package_base")
+    other_location = os.path.join(HERE, "namespace_package_other_base")
+    app_path = os.path.join(base_location, "nsapp")
 
     def test_single_path(self):
         """
         A Py3.3+ namespace package can be an app if it has only one path.
         """
         with extend_sys_path(self.base_location):
-            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['nsapp']):
-                app_config = apps.get_app_config('nsapp')
+            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["nsapp"]):
+                app_config = apps.get_app_config("nsapp")
                 self.assertEqual(app_config.path, self.app_path)
 
     def test_multiple_paths(self):
@@ -498,7 +517,7 @@ class NamespacePackageAppTests(SimpleTestCase):
         # components of the "nsapp" package.
         with extend_sys_path(self.base_location, self.other_location):
             with self.assertRaises(ImproperlyConfigured):
-                with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['nsapp']):
+                with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["nsapp"]):
                     pass
 
     def test_multiple_paths_explicit_path(self):
@@ -508,16 +527,16 @@ class NamespacePackageAppTests(SimpleTestCase):
         # Temporarily add two directories to sys.path that both contain
         # components of the "nsapp" package.
         with extend_sys_path(self.base_location, self.other_location):
-            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['nsapp.apps.NSAppConfig']):
-                app_config = apps.get_app_config('nsapp')
+            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["nsapp.apps.NSAppConfig"]):
+                app_config = apps.get_app_config("nsapp")
                 self.assertEqual(app_config.path, self.app_path)
 
 
 class DeprecationTests(SimpleTestCase):
     @ignore_warnings(category=RemovedInDjango41Warning)
     def test_explicit_default_app_config(self):
-        with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.explicit_default_config_app']):
-            config = apps.get_app_config('explicit_default_config_app')
+        with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.explicit_default_config_app"]):
+            config = apps.get_app_config("explicit_default_config_app")
         self.assertIsInstance(config, ExplicitDefaultConfig)
 
     def test_explicit_default_app_config_warning(self):
@@ -532,12 +551,12 @@ class DeprecationTests(SimpleTestCase):
             "remove default_app_config."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(RemovedInDjango41Warning, msg):
-            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.explicit_default_config_app']):
+            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.explicit_default_config_app"]):
                 pass
         with ignore_warnings(category=RemovedInDjango41Warning):
-            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.explicit_default_config_app']):
+            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.explicit_default_config_app"]):
                 self.assertIsInstance(
-                    apps.get_app_config('explicit_default_config_app'),
+                    apps.get_app_config("explicit_default_config_app"),
                     ExplicitDefaultConfig,
                 )
 
@@ -558,12 +577,16 @@ class DeprecationTests(SimpleTestCase):
             "with default = True."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(RemovedInDjango41Warning, msg):
-            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.explicit_default_config_mismatch_app']):
+            with self.settings(
+                INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.explicit_default_config_mismatch_app"]
+            ):
                 pass
         with ignore_warnings(category=RemovedInDjango41Warning):
-            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.explicit_default_config_mismatch_app']):
+            with self.settings(
+                INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.explicit_default_config_mismatch_app"]
+            ):
                 self.assertIsInstance(
-                    apps.get_app_config('explicit_default_config_mismatch_app'),
+                    apps.get_app_config("explicit_default_config_mismatch_app"),
                     ExplicitDefaultConfigMismatch,
                 )
 
@@ -582,12 +605,16 @@ class DeprecationTests(SimpleTestCase):
             "default one with default = True."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(RemovedInDjango41Warning, msg):
-            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.explicit_default_config_empty_apps']):
+            with self.settings(
+                INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.explicit_default_config_empty_apps"]
+            ):
                 pass
         with ignore_warnings(category=RemovedInDjango41Warning):
-            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.explicit_default_config_empty_apps']):
+            with self.settings(
+                INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.explicit_default_config_empty_apps"]
+            ):
                 self.assertIsInstance(
-                    apps.get_app_config('explicit_default_config_empty_apps'),
+                    apps.get_app_config("explicit_default_config_empty_apps"),
                     ExplicitDefaultConfigEmptyApps,
                 )
 
@@ -606,11 +633,15 @@ class DeprecationTests(SimpleTestCase):
             "default one with default = True."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(RemovedInDjango41Warning, msg):
-            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.explicit_default_config_without_apps']):
+            with self.settings(
+                INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.explicit_default_config_without_apps"]
+            ):
                 pass
         with ignore_warnings(category=RemovedInDjango41Warning):
-            with self.settings(INSTALLED_APPS=['apps.explicit_default_config_without_apps']):
+            with self.settings(
+                INSTALLED_APPS=["apps.explicit_default_config_without_apps"]
+            ):
                 self.assertIsInstance(
-                    apps.get_app_config('explicit_default_config_without_apps'),
+                    apps.get_app_config("explicit_default_config_without_apps"),
                     ExplicitDefaultConfigWithoutApps,
                 )
diff --git a/tests/apps/two_configs_app/apps.py b/tests/apps/two_configs_app/apps.py
index dd2eac9ad1..c75a7c1314 100644
--- a/tests/apps/two_configs_app/apps.py
+++ b/tests/apps/two_configs_app/apps.py
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ from django.apps import AppConfig
 
 
 class TwoConfig(AppConfig):
-    name = 'apps.two_configs_app'
+    name = "apps.two_configs_app"
 
 
 class TwoConfigBis(AppConfig):
-    name = 'apps.two_configs_app'
+    name = "apps.two_configs_app"
diff --git a/tests/apps/two_configs_one_default_app/apps.py b/tests/apps/two_configs_one_default_app/apps.py
index 489eb0f88f..1aa3c56ad0 100644
--- a/tests/apps/two_configs_one_default_app/apps.py
+++ b/tests/apps/two_configs_one_default_app/apps.py
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ from django.apps import AppConfig
 
 class TwoConfig(AppConfig):
     default = True
-    name = 'apps.two_configs_one_default_app'
+    name = "apps.two_configs_one_default_app"
 
 
 class TwoConfigAlt(AppConfig):
-    name = 'apps.two_configs_one_default_app'
+    name = "apps.two_configs_one_default_app"
diff --git a/tests/apps/two_default_configs_app/apps.py b/tests/apps/two_default_configs_app/apps.py
index 3cbcc411b0..483e50092e 100644
--- a/tests/apps/two_default_configs_app/apps.py
+++ b/tests/apps/two_default_configs_app/apps.py
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@ from django.apps import AppConfig
 
 class TwoConfig(AppConfig):
     default = True
-    name = 'apps.two_default_configs_app'
+    name = "apps.two_default_configs_app"
 
 
 class TwoConfigBis(AppConfig):
     default = True
-    name = 'apps.two_default_configs_app'
+    name = "apps.two_default_configs_app"