diff options
| author | Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com> | 2012-09-26 18:48:09 +0800 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com> | 2012-09-26 18:48:09 +0800 |
| commit | 70a0de37d132e5f1514fb939875f69649f103124 (patch) | |
| tree | 8ea75e23bb528e33ede901f07402f534ee60101d /docs | |
| parent | 7c11b1a47060cc2710b56c7879bbe73cb5587fb2 (diff) | |
Fixed #3011 -- Added swappable auth.User models.
Thanks to the many people that contributed to the development and review of
this patch, including (but not limited to) Jacob Kaplan-Moss, Anssi
Kääriäinen, Ramiro Morales, Preston Holmes, Josh Ourisman, Thomas Sutton,
and Roger Barnes, as well as the many, many people who have contributed to
the design discussion around this ticket over many years.
Squashed commit of the following:
commit d84749a0f034a0a6906d20df047086b1219040d0
Merge: 531e771 7c11b1a
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Wed Sep 26 18:37:04 2012 +0800
Merge remote-tracking branch 'django/master' into t3011
commit 531e7715da545f930c49919a19e954d41c59b446
Merge: 29d1abb 1f84b04
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Wed Sep 26 07:09:23 2012 +0800
Merged recent trunk changes.
commit 29d1abbe351fd5da855fe5ce09e24227d90ddc91
Merge: 8a527dd 54c81a1
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Mon Sep 24 07:49:46 2012 +0800
Merge remote-tracking branch 'django/master' into t3011
commit 8a527dda13c9bec955b1f7e8db5822d1d9b32a01
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Mon Sep 24 07:48:05 2012 +0800
Ensure sequences are reset correctly in the presence of swapped models.
commit e2b6e22f298eb986d74d28b8d9906f37f5ff8eb8
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sun Sep 23 17:53:05 2012 +0800
Modifications to the handling and docs for auth forms.
commit 98aba856b534620aea9091f824b442b47d2fdb3c
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sun Sep 23 15:28:57 2012 +0800
Improved error handling and docs for get_user_model()
commit 0229209c844f06dfeb33b0b8eeec000c127695b6
Merge: 6494bf9 8599f64
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sun Sep 23 14:50:11 2012 +0800
Merged recent Django trunk changes.
commit 6494bf91f2ddaaabec3ec017f2e3131937c35517
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Mon Sep 17 21:38:44 2012 +0800
Improved validation of swappable model settings.
commit 5a04cde342cc860384eb844cfda5af55204564ad
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Mon Sep 17 07:15:14 2012 +0800
Removed some unused imports.
commit ffd535e4136dc54f084b6ac467e81444696e1c8a
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sun Sep 16 20:31:28 2012 +0800
Corrected attribute access on for get_by_natural_key
commit 913e1ac84c3d9c7c58a9b3bdbbb15ebccd8a8c0a
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sun Sep 16 20:12:34 2012 +0800
Added test for proxy model safeguards on swappable models.
commit 280bf19e94d0d534d0e51bae485c1842558f4ff4
Merge: dbb3900 935a863
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sun Sep 16 18:16:49 2012 +0800
Merge remote-tracking branch 'django/master' into t3011
commit dbb3900775a99df8b6cb1d7063cf364eab55621a
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sun Sep 16 18:09:27 2012 +0800
Fixes for Python 3 compatibility.
commit dfd72131d8664615e245aa0f95b82604ba6b3821
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sun Sep 16 15:54:30 2012 +0800
Added protection against proxying swapped models.
commit abcb027190e53613e7f1734e77ee185b2587de31
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sun Sep 16 15:11:10 2012 +0800
Cleanup and documentation of AbstractUser base class.
commit a9491a87763e307f0eb0dc246f54ac865a6ffb34
Merge: fd8bb4e 08bcb4a
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sun Sep 16 14:46:49 2012 +0800
Merge commit '08bcb4aec1ed154cefc631b8510ee13e9af0c19d' into t3011
commit fd8bb4e3e498a92d7a8b340f0684d5f088aa4c92
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sun Sep 16 14:20:14 2012 +0800
Documentation improvements coming from community review.
commit b550a6d06d016ab6a0198c4cb2dffe9cceabe8a5
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sun Sep 16 13:52:47 2012 +0800
Refactored skipIfCustomUser into the contrib.auth tests.
commit 52a02f11107c3f0d711742b8ca65b75175b79d6a
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sun Sep 16 13:46:10 2012 +0800
Refactored common 'get' pattern into manager method.
commit b441a6bbc7d6065175715cb09316b9f13268171b
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sun Sep 16 13:41:33 2012 +0800
Added note about backwards incompatible change to admin login messages.
commit 08bcb4aec1ed154cefc631b8510ee13e9af0c19d
Author: Anssi Kääriäinen <akaariai@gmail.com>
Date: Sat Sep 15 18:30:33 2012 +0300
Splitted User to AbstractUser and User
commit d9f5e5addbad5e1a01f67e7358e4f5091c3cad81
Author: Anssi Kääriäinen <akaariai@gmail.com>
Date: Sat Sep 15 18:30:02 2012 +0300
Reworked REQUIRED_FIELDS + create_user() interaction
commit 579f152e4a6e06671e1ac1e59e2b43cf4d764bf4
Merge: 9184972 93e6733
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sat Sep 15 20:18:37 2012 +0800
Merge remote-tracking branch 'django/master' into t3011
commit 918497218c58227f5032873ff97261627b2ceab2
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sat Sep 15 20:18:19 2012 +0800
Deprecate AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE and get_profile().
commit 334cdfc1bb6a6794791497cdefda843bca2ea57a
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sat Sep 15 20:00:12 2012 +0800
Added release notes for new swappable User feature.
commit 5d7bb22e8d913b51aba1c3360e7af8b01b6c0ab6
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sat Sep 15 19:59:49 2012 +0800
Ensure swapped models can't be queried.
commit 57ac6e3d32605a67581e875b37ec5b2284711a32
Merge: f2ec915 abfba3b
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sat Sep 15 14:31:54 2012 +0800
Merge remote-tracking branch 'django/master' into t3011
commit f2ec915b20f81c8afeaa3df25f80689712f720f8
Merge: 1952656 5e99a3d
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sun Sep 9 08:29:51 2012 +0800
Merge remote-tracking branch 'django/master' into t3011
commit 19526563b54fa300785c49cfb625c0c6158ced67
Merge: 2c5e833 c4aa26a
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sun Sep 9 08:22:26 2012 +0800
Merge recent changes from master.
commit 2c5e833a30bef4305d55eacc0703533152f5c427
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sun Sep 9 07:53:46 2012 +0800
Corrected admin_views tests following removal of the email fallback on admin logins.
commit 20d1892491839d6ef21f37db4ca136935c2076bf
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sun Sep 9 01:00:37 2012 +0800
Added conditional skips for all tests dependent on the default User model
commit 40ea8b888284775481fc1eaadeff267dbd7e3dfa
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sat Sep 8 23:47:02 2012 +0800
Added documentation for REQUIRED_FIELDS in custom auth.
commit e6aaf659708cf6491f5485d3edfa616cb9214cc0
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Sat Sep 8 23:20:02 2012 +0800
Added first draft of custom User docs.
Thanks to Greg Turner for the initial text.
commit 75118bd242eec87649da2859e8c50a199a8a1dca
Author: Thomas Sutton <me@thomas-sutton.id.au>
Date: Mon Aug 20 11:17:26 2012 +0800
Admin app should not allow username discovery
The admin app login form should not allow users to discover the username
associated with an email address.
commit d088b3af58dad7449fc58493193a327725c57c22
Author: Thomas Sutton <me@thomas-sutton.id.au>
Date: Mon Aug 20 10:32:13 2012 +0800
Admin app login form should use swapped user model
commit 7e82e83d67ee0871a72e1a3a723afdd214fcefc3
Merge: e29c010 39aa890
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Fri Sep 7 23:45:03 2012 +0800
Merged master changes.
commit e29c010beb96ca07697c4e3e0c0d5d3ffdc4c0a3
Merge: 8e3fd70 30bdf22
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Mon Aug 20 13:12:57 2012 +0800
Merge remote-tracking branch 'django/master' into t3011
commit 8e3fd703d02c31a4c3ac9f51f5011d03c0bd47f6
Merge: 507bb50 26e0ba0
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Mon Aug 20 13:09:09 2012 +0800
Merged recent changes from trunk.
commit 507bb50a9291bfcdcfa1198f9fea21d4e3b1e762
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Mon Jun 4 20:41:37 2012 +0800
Modified auth app so that login with alternate auth app is possible.
commit dabe3628362ab7a4a6c9686dd874803baa997eaa
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Mon Jun 4 20:10:51 2012 +0800
Modified auth management commands to handle custom user definitions.
commit 7cc0baf89d490c92ef3f1dc909b8090191a1294b
Author: Russell Keith-Magee <russell@keith-magee.com>
Date: Mon Jun 4 14:17:28 2012 +0800
Added model Meta option for swappable models, and made auth.User a swappable model
Diffstat (limited to 'docs')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/internals/deprecation.txt | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/ref/settings.txt | 27 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/releases/1.5.txt | 42 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/topics/auth.txt | 359 |
4 files changed, 425 insertions, 6 deletions
diff --git a/docs/internals/deprecation.txt b/docs/internals/deprecation.txt index 976371516e..4e341c6953 100644 --- a/docs/internals/deprecation.txt +++ b/docs/internals/deprecation.txt @@ -286,6 +286,9 @@ these changes. * The ``mimetype`` argument to :class:`~django.http.HttpResponse` ``__init__`` will be removed (``content_type`` should be used instead). +* The ``AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE`` setting, and the ``get_profile()`` method on + the User model, will be removed. + 2.0 --- diff --git a/docs/ref/settings.txt b/docs/ref/settings.txt index 1159d1ecee..a909c12665 100644 --- a/docs/ref/settings.txt +++ b/docs/ref/settings.txt @@ -110,15 +110,14 @@ A tuple of authentication backend classes (as strings) to use when attempting to authenticate a user. See the :doc:`authentication backends documentation </ref/authbackends>` for details. -.. setting:: AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE +.. setting:: AUTH_USER_MODEL -AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE -------------------- +AUTH_USER_MODEL +--------------- -Default: Not defined +Default: 'auth.User' -The site-specific user profile model used by this site. See -:ref:`auth-profiles`. +The model to use to represent a User. See :ref:`auth-custom-user`. .. setting:: CACHES @@ -2209,6 +2208,22 @@ ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX integration. See the :doc:`Django 1.4 release notes</releases/1.4>` for more information. +.. setting:: AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE + +AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE +------------------- + +.. deprecated:: 1.5 + With the introduction of :ref:`custom User models <auth-custom-user>`, + the use of :setting:`AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE` to define a single profile + model is no longer supported. See the + :doc:`Django 1.5 release notes</releases/1.5>` for more information. + +Default: Not defined + +The site-specific user profile model used by this site. See +:ref:`auth-profiles`. + .. setting:: IGNORABLE_404_ENDS IGNORABLE_404_ENDS diff --git a/docs/releases/1.5.txt b/docs/releases/1.5.txt index 528a44c5a1..df8d89c185 100644 --- a/docs/releases/1.5.txt +++ b/docs/releases/1.5.txt @@ -34,6 +34,23 @@ release featuring 2.7 support. What's new in Django 1.5 ======================== +Configurable User model +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +In Django 1.5, you can now use your own model as the store for user-related +data. If your project needs a username with more than 30 characters, or if +you want to store usernames in a format other than first name/last name, or +you want to put custom profile information onto your User object, you can +now do so. + +If you have a third-party reusable application that references the User model, +you may need to make some changes to the way you reference User instances. You +should also document any specific features of the User model that your +application relies upon. + +See the :ref:`documentation on custom User models <auth-custom-user>` for +more details. + Support for saving a subset of model's fields ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ @@ -277,6 +294,18 @@ Session not saved on 500 responses Django's session middleware will skip saving the session data if the response's status code is 500. +Email checks on failed admin login +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +Prior to Django 1.5, if you attempted to log into the admin interface and +mistakenly used your email address instead of your username, the admin +interface would provide a warning advising that your email address was +not your username. In Django 1.5, the introduction of +:ref:`custom User models <auth-custom-user>` has required the removal of this +warning. This doesn't change the login behavior of the admin site; it only +affects the warning message that is displayed under one particular mode of +login failure. + Changes in tests execution ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ @@ -394,3 +423,16 @@ The markup contrib module has been deprecated and will follow an accelerated deprecation schedule. Direct use of python markup libraries or 3rd party tag libraries is preferred to Django maintaining this functionality in the framework. + +:setting:`AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE` +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +With the introduction of :ref:`custom User models <auth-custom-user>`, there is +no longer any need for a built-in mechanism to store user profile data. + +You can still define user profiles models that have a one-to-one relation with +the User model - in fact, for many applications needing to associate data with +a User account, this will be an appropriate design pattern to follow. However, +the :setting:`AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE` setting, and the +:meth:`~django.contrib.auth.models.User.get_profile()` method for accessing +the user profile model, should not be used any longer. diff --git a/docs/topics/auth.txt b/docs/topics/auth.txt index 88372af149..a767b5a93f 100644 --- a/docs/topics/auth.txt +++ b/docs/topics/auth.txt @@ -250,6 +250,12 @@ Methods .. method:: models.User.get_profile() + .. deprecated:: 1.5 + With the introduction of :ref:`custom User models <auth-custom-user>`, + the use of :setting:`AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE` to define a single profile + model is no longer supported. See the + :doc:`Django 1.5 release notes</releases/1.5>` for more information. + Returns a site-specific profile for this user. Raises :exc:`django.contrib.auth.models.SiteProfileNotAvailable` if the current site doesn't allow profiles, or @@ -582,6 +588,12 @@ correct path and environment for you. Storing additional information about users ------------------------------------------ +.. deprecated:: 1.5 + With the introduction of :ref:`custom User models <auth-custom-user>`, + the use of :setting:`AUTH_PROFILE_MODULE` to define a single profile + model is no longer supported. See the + :doc:`Django 1.5 release notes</releases/1.5>` for more information. + If you'd like to store additional information related to your users, Django provides a method to specify a site-specific related model -- termed a "user profile" -- for this purpose. @@ -1345,6 +1357,9 @@ Helper functions URL to redirect to after log out. Overrides ``next`` if the given ``GET`` parameter is passed. + +.. _built-in-auth-forms: + Built-in forms -------------- @@ -1735,6 +1750,350 @@ Fields group.permissions.remove(permission, permission, ...) group.permissions.clear() +.. _auth-custom-user: + +Customizing the User model +========================== + +.. versionadded:: 1.5 + +Some kinds of projects may have authentication requirements for which Django's +built-in :class:`~django.contrib.auth.models.User` model is not always +appropriate. For instance, on some sites it makes more sense to use an email +address as your identification token instead of a username. + +Django allows you to override the default User model by providing a value for +the :setting:`AUTH_USER_MODEL` setting that references a custom model:: + + AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'myapp.MyUser' + +This dotted pair describes the name of the Django app, and the name of the Django +model that you wish to use as your User model. + +.. admonition:: Warning + + Changing :setting:`AUTH_USER_MODEL` has a big effect on your database + structure. It changes the tables that are available, and it will affect the + construction of foreign keys and many-to-many relationships. If you intend + to set :setting:`AUTH_USER_MODEL`, you should set it before running + ``manage.py syncdb`` for the first time. + + If you have an existing project and you want to migrate to using a custom + User model, you may need to look into using a migration tool like South_ + to ease the transition. + +.. _South: http://south.aeracode.org + +Referencing the User model +-------------------------- + +If you reference :class:`~django.contrib.auth.models.User` directly (for +example, by referring to it in a foreign key), your code will not work in +projects where the :setting:`AUTH_USER_MODEL` setting has been changed to a +different User model. + +Instead of referring to :class:`~django.contrib.auth.models.User` directly, +you should reference the user model using +:func:`django.contrib.auth.get_user_model()`. This method will return the +currently active User model -- the custom User model if one is specified, or +:class:`~django.contrib.auth.User` otherwise. + +In relations to the User model, you should specify the custom model using +the :setting:`AUTH_USER_MODEL` setting. For example:: + + from django.conf import settings + from django.db import models + + class Article(models.Model) + author = models.ForeignKey(settings.AUTH_USER_MODEL) + +Specifying a custom User model +------------------------------ + +.. admonition:: Model design considerations + + Think carefully before handling information not directly related to + authentication in your custom User Model. + + It may be better to store app-specific user information in a model + that has a relation with the User model. That allows each app to specify + its own user data requirements without risking conflicts with other + apps. On the other hand, queries to retrieve this related information + will involve a database join, which may have an effect on performance. + +Django expects your custom User model to meet some minimum requirements. + +1. Your model must have a single unique field that can be used for + identification purposes. This can be a username, an email address, + or any other unique attribute. + +2. Your model must provide a way to address the user in a "short" and + "long" form. The most common interpretation of this would be to use + the user's given name as the "short" identifier, and the user's full + name as the "long" identifier. However, there are no constraints on + what these two methods return - if you want, they can return exactly + the same value. + +The easiest way to construct a compliant custom User model is to inherit from +:class:`~django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractBaseUser`. +:class:`~django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractBaseUser` provides the core +implementation of a `User` model, including hashed passwords and tokenized +password resets. You must then provide some key implementation details: + +.. attribute:: User.USERNAME_FIELD + + A string describing the name of the field on the User model that is + used as the unique identifier. This will usually be a username of + some kind, but it can also be an email address, or any other unique + identifier. In the following example, the field `identifier` is used + as the identifying field:: + + class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser): + identfier = models.CharField(max_length=40, unique=True, db_index=True) + ... + USERNAME_FIELD = 'identifier' + +.. attribute:: User.REQUIRED_FIELDS + + A list of the field names that *must* be provided when creating + a user. For example, here is the partial definition for a User model + that defines two required fields - a date of birth and height:: + + class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser): + ... + date_of_birth = models.DateField() + height = models.FloatField() + ... + REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['date_of_birth', 'height'] + +.. method:: User.get_full_name(): + + A longer formal identifier for the user. A common interpretation + would be the full name name of the user, but it can be any string that + identifies the user. + +.. method:: User.get_short_name(): + + A short, informal identifier for the user. A common interpretation + would be the first name of the user, but it can be any string that + identifies the user in an informal way. It may also return the same + value as :meth:`django.contrib.auth.User.get_full_name()`. + +You should also define a custom manager for your User model. If your User +model defines `username` and `email` fields the same as Django's default User, +you can just install Django's +:class:`~django.contrib.auth.models.UserManager`; however, if your User model +defines different fields, you will need to define a custom manager that +extends :class:`~django.contrib.auth.models.BaseUserManager` providing two +additional methods: + +.. method:: UserManager.create_user(username, password=None, **other_fields) + + The prototype of `create_user()` should accept all required fields + as arguments. For example, if your user model defines `username`, + and `date_of_birth` as required fields, then create_user should be + defined as:: + + def create_user(self, username, date_of_birth, password=None): + # create user here + +.. method:: UserManager.create_superuser(username, password, **other_fields) + + The prototype of `create_superuser()` should accept all required fields + as arguments. For example, if your user model defines `username`, + and `date_of_birth` as required fields, then create_user should be + defined as:: + + def create_superuser(self, username, date_of_birth, password): + # create superuser here + + Unlike `create_user()`, `create_superuser()` *must* require the caller + to provider a password. + +Extending Django's default User +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +If you're entirely happy with Django's :class:`~django.contrib.auth.models.User` +model and you just want to add some additional profile information, you can +simply subclass :class:`~django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractUser` and add your +custom profile fields. + +Custom users and the built-in auth forms +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +As you may expect, built-in Django's :ref:`forms <_built-in-auth-forms>` +and :ref:`views <other-built-in-views>` make certain assumptions about +the user model that they are working with. + +If your user model doesn't follow the same assumptions, it may be necessary to define +a replacement form, and pass that form in as part of the configuration of the +auth views. + +* :class:`~django.contrib.auth.forms.UserCreationForm` + + Depends on the :class:`~django.contrib.auth.models.User` model. + Must be re-written for any custom user model. + +* :class:`~django.contrib.auth.forms.UserChangeForm` + + Depends on the :class:`~django.contrib.auth.models.User` model. + Must be re-written for any custom user model. + +* :class:`~django.contrib.auth.forms.AuthenticationForm` + + Works with any subclass of :class:`~django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractBaseUser`, + and will adapt to use the field defined in `USERNAME_FIELD`. + +* :class:`~django.contrib.auth.forms.PasswordResetForm` + + Assumes that the user model has an integer primary key, has a field named + `email` that can be used to identify the user, and a boolean field + named `is_active` to prevent password resets for inactive users. + +* :class:`~django.contrib.auth.forms.SetPasswordForm` + + Works with any subclass of :class:`~django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractBaseUser` + +* :class:`~django.contrib.auth.forms.PasswordChangeForm` + + Works with any subclass of :class:`~django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractBaseUser` + +* :class:`~django.contrib.auth.forms.AdminPasswordChangeForm` + + Works with any subclass of :class:`~django.contrib.auth.models.AbstractBaseUser` + + +Custom users and django.contrib.admin +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +If you want your custom User model to also work with Admin, your User model must +define some additional attributes and methods. These methods allow the admin to +control access of the User to admin content: + +.. attribute:: User.is_staff + + Returns True if the user is allowed to have access to the admin site. + +.. attribute:: User.is_active + + Returns True if the user account is currently active. + +.. method:: User.has_perm(perm, obj=None): + + Returns True if the user has the named permission. If `obj` is + provided, the permission needs to be checked against a specific object + instance. + +.. method:: User.has_module_perms(app_label): + + Returns True if the user has permission to access models in + the given app. + + +Custom users and Proxy models +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +One limitation of custom User models is that installing a custom User model +will break any proxy model extending :class:`~django.contrib.auth.models.User`. +Proxy models must be based on a concrete base class; by defining a custom User +model, you remove the ability of Django to reliably identify the base class. + +If your project uses proxy models, you must either modify the proxy to extend +the User model that is currently in use in your project, or merge your proxy's +behavior into your User subclass. + +A full example +-------------- + +Here is an example of a full models.py for an admin-compliant custom +user app. This user model uses an email address as the username, and has a +required date of birth; it provides no permission checking, beyond a simple +`admin` flag on the user account. This model would be compatible with all +the built-in auth forms and views, except for the User creation forms. + +This code would all live in a ``models.py`` file for a custom +authentication app:: + + from django.db import models + from django.contrib.auth.models import ( + BaseUserManager, AbstractBaseUser + ) + + + class MyUserManager(BaseUserManager): + def create_user(self, email, date_of_birth, password=None): + """ + Creates and saves a User with the given email, date of + birth and password. + """ + if not email: + raise ValueError('Users must have an email address') + + user = self.model( + email=MyUserManager.normalize_email(email), + date_of_birth=date_of_birth, + ) + + user.set_password(password) + user.save(using=self._db) + return user + + def create_superuser(self, username, date_of_birth, password): + """ + Creates and saves a superuser with the given email, date of + birth and password. + """ + u = self.create_user(username, + password=password, + date_of_birth=date_of_birth + ) + u.is_admin = True + u.save(using=self._db) + return u + + + class MyUser(AbstractBaseUser): + email = models.EmailField( + verbose_name='email address', + max_length=255 + ) + date_of_birth = models.DateField() + is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True) + is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False) + + objects = MyUserManager() + + USERNAME_FIELD = 'email' + REQUIRED_FIELDS = ['date_of_birth'] + + def get_full_name(self): + # The user is identified by their email address + return self.email + + def get_short_name(self): + # The user is identified by their email address + return self.email + + def __unicode__(self): + return self.email + + def has_perm(self, perm, obj=None): + "Does the user have a specific permission?" + # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always + return True + + def has_module_perms(self, app_label): + "Does the user have permissions to view the app `app_label`?" + # Simplest possible answer: Yes, always + return True + + @property + def is_staff(self): + "Is the user a member of staff?" + # Simplest possible answer: All admins are staff + return self.is_admin + + .. _authentication-backends: Other authentication sources |
