Switched setUp() to setUpTestData() where possible in Django's tests.

49 files changed, 421 insertions, 334 deletions

diff --git a/tests/admin_changelist/tests.py b/tests/admin_changelist/tests.py
index ccf115a2e4..d0468e725b 100644
--- a/tests/admin_changelist/tests.py
+++ b/tests/admin_changelist/tests.py
@@ -50,9 +50,12 @@ def build_tbody_html(pk, href, extra_fields):
 @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF="admin_changelist.urls")
 class ChangeListTests(TestCase):
 
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', email='a@b.com', password='xxx')
+
     def setUp(self):
         self.factory = RequestFactory()
-        self.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', email='a@b.com', password='xxx')
 
     def _create_superuser(self, username):
         return User.objects.create_superuser(username=username, email='a@b.com', password='xxx')
diff --git a/tests/admin_filters/tests.py b/tests/admin_filters/tests.py
index f901d32532..57a4d1acda 100644
--- a/tests/admin_filters/tests.py
+++ b/tests/admin_filters/tests.py
@@ -250,53 +250,55 @@ class BookmarkAdminGenericRelation(ModelAdmin):
 
 class ListFiltersTests(TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.today = datetime.date.today()
-        self.tomorrow = self.today + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
-        self.one_week_ago = self.today - datetime.timedelta(days=7)
-        if self.today.month == 12:
-            self.next_month = self.today.replace(year=self.today.year + 1, month=1, day=1)
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.today = datetime.date.today()
+        cls.tomorrow = cls.today + datetime.timedelta(days=1)
+        cls.one_week_ago = cls.today - datetime.timedelta(days=7)
+        if cls.today.month == 12:
+            cls.next_month = cls.today.replace(year=cls.today.year + 1, month=1, day=1)
         else:
-            self.next_month = self.today.replace(month=self.today.month + 1, day=1)
-        self.next_year = self.today.replace(year=self.today.year + 1, month=1, day=1)
-
-        self.request_factory = RequestFactory()
+            cls.next_month = cls.today.replace(month=cls.today.month + 1, day=1)
+        cls.next_year = cls.today.replace(year=cls.today.year + 1, month=1, day=1)
 
         # Users
-        self.alfred = User.objects.create_superuser('alfred', 'alfred@example.com', 'password')
-        self.bob = User.objects.create_user('bob', 'bob@example.com')
-        self.lisa = User.objects.create_user('lisa', 'lisa@example.com')
+        cls.alfred = User.objects.create_superuser('alfred', 'alfred@example.com', 'password')
+        cls.bob = User.objects.create_user('bob', 'bob@example.com')
+        cls.lisa = User.objects.create_user('lisa', 'lisa@example.com')
 
         # Books
-        self.djangonaut_book = Book.objects.create(
+        cls.djangonaut_book = Book.objects.create(
             title='Djangonaut: an art of living', year=2009,
-            author=self.alfred, is_best_seller=True, date_registered=self.today,
+            author=cls.alfred, is_best_seller=True, date_registered=cls.today,
             is_best_seller2=True,
         )
-        self.bio_book = Book.objects.create(
-            title='Django: a biography', year=1999, author=self.alfred,
+        cls.bio_book = Book.objects.create(
+            title='Django: a biography', year=1999, author=cls.alfred,
             is_best_seller=False, no=207,
             is_best_seller2=False,
         )
-        self.django_book = Book.objects.create(
-            title='The Django Book', year=None, author=self.bob,
-            is_best_seller=None, date_registered=self.today, no=103,
+        cls.django_book = Book.objects.create(
+            title='The Django Book', year=None, author=cls.bob,
+            is_best_seller=None, date_registered=cls.today, no=103,
             is_best_seller2=None,
         )
-        self.guitar_book = Book.objects.create(
+        cls.guitar_book = Book.objects.create(
             title='Guitar for dummies', year=2002, is_best_seller=True,
-            date_registered=self.one_week_ago,
+            date_registered=cls.one_week_ago,
             is_best_seller2=True,
         )
-        self.guitar_book.contributors.set([self.bob, self.lisa])
+        cls.guitar_book.contributors.set([cls.bob, cls.lisa])
 
         # Departments
-        self.dev = Department.objects.create(code='DEV', description='Development')
-        self.design = Department.objects.create(code='DSN', description='Design')
+        cls.dev = Department.objects.create(code='DEV', description='Development')
+        cls.design = Department.objects.create(code='DSN', description='Design')
 
         # Employees
-        self.john = Employee.objects.create(name='John Blue', department=self.dev)
-        self.jack = Employee.objects.create(name='Jack Red', department=self.design)
+        cls.john = Employee.objects.create(name='John Blue', department=cls.dev)
+        cls.jack = Employee.objects.create(name='Jack Red', department=cls.design)
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.request_factory = RequestFactory()
 
     def test_choicesfieldlistfilter_has_none_choice(self):
         """
diff --git a/tests/admin_inlines/tests.py b/tests/admin_inlines/tests.py
index 66cf57dba1..9ba9bd279e 100644
--- a/tests/admin_inlines/tests.py
+++ b/tests/admin_inlines/tests.py
@@ -27,12 +27,13 @@ class TestDataMixin:
 
 @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='admin_inlines.urls')
 class TestInline(TestDataMixin, TestCase):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        super().setUpTestData()
+        cls.holder = Holder.objects.create(dummy=13)
+        Inner(dummy=42, holder=cls.holder).save()
 
     def setUp(self):
-        holder = Holder(dummy=13)
-        holder.save()
-        Inner(dummy=42, holder=holder).save()
-
         self.client.force_login(self.superuser)
         self.factory = RequestFactory()
 
@@ -40,9 +41,8 @@ class TestInline(TestDataMixin, TestCase):
         """
         can_delete should be passed to inlineformset factory.
         """
-        holder = Holder.objects.get(dummy=13)
         response = self.client.get(
-            reverse('admin:admin_inlines_holder_change', args=(holder.id,))
+            reverse('admin:admin_inlines_holder_change', args=(self.holder.id,))
         )
         inner_formset = response.context['inline_admin_formsets'][0].formset
         expected = InnerInline.can_delete
@@ -570,41 +570,43 @@ class TestInlinePermissions(TestCase):
     inline. Refs #8060.
     """
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.user = User(username='admin')
-        self.user.is_staff = True
-        self.user.is_active = True
-        self.user.set_password('secret')
-        self.user.save()
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.user = User(username='admin')
+        cls.user.is_staff = True
+        cls.user.is_active = True
+        cls.user.set_password('secret')
+        cls.user.save()
 
-        self.author_ct = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Author)
-        self.holder_ct = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Holder2)
-        self.book_ct = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Book)
-        self.inner_ct = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Inner2)
+        cls.author_ct = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Author)
+        cls.holder_ct = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Holder2)
+        cls.book_ct = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Book)
+        cls.inner_ct = ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Inner2)
 
         # User always has permissions to add and change Authors, and Holders,
         # the main (parent) models of the inlines. Permissions on the inlines
         # vary per test.
-        permission = Permission.objects.get(codename='add_author', content_type=self.author_ct)
-        self.user.user_permissions.add(permission)
-        permission = Permission.objects.get(codename='change_author', content_type=self.author_ct)
-        self.user.user_permissions.add(permission)
-        permission = Permission.objects.get(codename='add_holder2', content_type=self.holder_ct)
-        self.user.user_permissions.add(permission)
-        permission = Permission.objects.get(codename='change_holder2', content_type=self.holder_ct)
-        self.user.user_permissions.add(permission)
+        permission = Permission.objects.get(codename='add_author', content_type=cls.author_ct)
+        cls.user.user_permissions.add(permission)
+        permission = Permission.objects.get(codename='change_author', content_type=cls.author_ct)
+        cls.user.user_permissions.add(permission)
+        permission = Permission.objects.get(codename='add_holder2', content_type=cls.holder_ct)
+        cls.user.user_permissions.add(permission)
+        permission = Permission.objects.get(codename='change_holder2', content_type=cls.holder_ct)
+        cls.user.user_permissions.add(permission)
 
         author = Author.objects.create(pk=1, name='The Author')
         book = author.books.create(name='The inline Book')
-        self.author_change_url = reverse('admin:admin_inlines_author_change', args=(author.id,))
+        cls.author_change_url = reverse('admin:admin_inlines_author_change', args=(author.id,))
         # Get the ID of the automatically created intermediate model for the Author-Book m2m
         author_book_auto_m2m_intermediate = Author.books.through.objects.get(author=author, book=book)
-        self.author_book_auto_m2m_intermediate_id = author_book_auto_m2m_intermediate.pk
+        cls.author_book_auto_m2m_intermediate_id = author_book_auto_m2m_intermediate.pk
 
-        holder = Holder2.objects.create(dummy=13)
-        self.inner2 = Inner2.objects.create(dummy=42, holder=holder)
-        self.holder_change_url = reverse('admin:admin_inlines_holder2_change', args=(holder.id,))
+        cls.holder = Holder2.objects.create(dummy=13)
+        cls.inner2 = Inner2.objects.create(dummy=42, holder=cls.holder)
 
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.holder_change_url = reverse('admin:admin_inlines_holder2_change', args=(self.holder.id,))
         self.client.force_login(self.user)
 
     def test_inline_add_m2m_noperm(self):
diff --git a/tests/admin_ordering/tests.py b/tests/admin_ordering/tests.py
index 8de35fa32c..026c76fe23 100644
--- a/tests/admin_ordering/tests.py
+++ b/tests/admin_ordering/tests.py
@@ -35,14 +35,17 @@ class TestAdminOrdering(TestCase):
     class.
     """
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.request_factory = RequestFactory()
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
         Band.objects.bulk_create([
             Band(name='Aerosmith', bio='', rank=3),
             Band(name='Radiohead', bio='', rank=1),
             Band(name='Van Halen', bio='', rank=2),
         ])
 
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.request_factory = RequestFactory()
+
     def test_default_ordering(self):
         """
         The default ordering should be by name, as specified in the inner Meta
@@ -92,12 +95,13 @@ class TestInlineModelAdminOrdering(TestCase):
     define in InlineModelAdmin.
     """
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.band = Band.objects.create(name='Aerosmith', bio='', rank=3)
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.band = Band.objects.create(name='Aerosmith', bio='', rank=3)
         Song.objects.bulk_create([
-            Song(band=self.band, name='Pink', duration=235),
-            Song(band=self.band, name='Dude (Looks Like a Lady)', duration=264),
-            Song(band=self.band, name='Jaded', duration=214),
+            Song(band=cls.band, name='Pink', duration=235),
+            Song(band=cls.band, name='Dude (Looks Like a Lady)', duration=264),
+            Song(band=cls.band, name='Jaded', duration=214),
         ])
 
     def test_default_ordering(self):
@@ -119,10 +123,12 @@ class TestInlineModelAdminOrdering(TestCase):
 
 
 class TestRelatedFieldsAdminOrdering(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.b1 = Band.objects.create(name='Pink Floyd', bio='', rank=1)
-        self.b2 = Band.objects.create(name='Foo Fighters', bio='', rank=5)
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.b1 = Band.objects.create(name='Pink Floyd', bio='', rank=1)
+        cls.b2 = Band.objects.create(name='Foo Fighters', bio='', rank=5)
 
+    def setUp(self):
         # we need to register a custom ModelAdmin (instead of just using
         # ModelAdmin) because the field creator tries to find the ModelAdmin
         # for the related model
diff --git a/tests/admin_views/test_actions.py b/tests/admin_views/test_actions.py
index 1069f4a157..a98b80a1cb 100644
--- a/tests/admin_views/test_actions.py
+++ b/tests/admin_views/test_actions.py
@@ -410,15 +410,15 @@ class AdminActionsPermissionTests(TestCase):
     def setUpTestData(cls):
         cls.s1 = ExternalSubscriber.objects.create(name='John Doe', email='john@example.org')
         cls.s2 = Subscriber.objects.create(name='Max Mustermann', email='max@example.org')
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.user = User.objects.create_user(
+        cls.user = User.objects.create_user(
             username='user', password='secret', email='user@example.com',
             is_staff=True,
         )
-        self.client.force_login(self.user)
         permission = Permission.objects.get(codename='change_subscriber')
-        self.user.user_permissions.add(permission)
+        cls.user.user_permissions.add(permission)
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.client.force_login(self.user)
 
     def test_model_admin_no_delete_permission(self):
         """
diff --git a/tests/admin_views/test_templatetags.py b/tests/admin_views/test_templatetags.py
index 929ff7e045..65548bf7e0 100644
--- a/tests/admin_views/test_templatetags.py
+++ b/tests/admin_views/test_templatetags.py
@@ -72,8 +72,9 @@ class AdminTemplateTagsTest(AdminViewBasicTestCase):
 class DateHierarchyTests(TestCase):
     factory = RequestFactory()
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
 
     def test_choice_links(self):
         modeladmin = ModelAdmin(Question, site)
diff --git a/tests/admin_views/tests.py b/tests/admin_views/tests.py
index c7ccf55fa0..8f486b93fe 100644
--- a/tests/admin_views/tests.py
+++ b/tests/admin_views/tests.py
@@ -3426,10 +3426,10 @@ class AdminCustomQuerysetTest(TestCase):
     @classmethod
     def setUpTestData(cls):
         cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
+        cls.pks = [EmptyModel.objects.create().id for i in range(3)]
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.client.force_login(self.superuser)
-        self.pks = [EmptyModel.objects.create().id for i in range(3)]
         self.super_login = {
             REDIRECT_FIELD_NAME: reverse('admin:index'),
             'username': 'super',
@@ -3687,21 +3687,17 @@ class AdminInlineFileUploadTest(TestCase):
     @classmethod
     def setUpTestData(cls):
         cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)
-
-        # Set up test Picture and Gallery.
-        # These must be set up here instead of in fixtures in order to allow Picture
-        # to use a NamedTemporaryFile.
         file1 = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix=".file1")
         file1.write(b'a' * (2 ** 21))
         filename = file1.name
         file1.close()
-        self.gallery = Gallery(name="Test Gallery")
-        self.gallery.save()
-        self.picture = Picture(name="Test Picture", image=filename, gallery=self.gallery)
-        self.picture.save()
+        cls.gallery = Gallery(name="Test Gallery")
+        cls.gallery.save()
+        cls.picture = Picture(name="Test Picture", image=filename, gallery=cls.gallery)
+        cls.picture.save()
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.client.force_login(self.superuser)
 
     def test_form_has_multipart_enctype(self):
         response = self.client.get(
@@ -3740,6 +3736,8 @@ class AdminInlineTests(TestCase):
     @classmethod
     def setUpTestData(cls):
         cls.superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(username='super', password='secret', email='super@example.com')
+        cls.collector = Collector(pk=1, name='John Fowles')
+        cls.collector.save()
 
     def setUp(self):
         self.post_data = {
@@ -3828,8 +3826,6 @@ class AdminInlineTests(TestCase):
         }
 
         self.client.force_login(self.superuser)
-        self.collector = Collector(pk=1, name='John Fowles')
-        self.collector.save()
 
     def test_simple_inline(self):
         "A simple model can be saved as inlines"
diff --git a/tests/auth_tests/test_auth_backends.py b/tests/auth_tests/test_auth_backends.py
index 25a910cdf1..02f7d3ef27 100644
--- a/tests/auth_tests/test_auth_backends.py
+++ b/tests/auth_tests/test_auth_backends.py
@@ -376,10 +376,11 @@ class RowlevelBackendTest(TestCase):
     Tests for auth backend that supports object level permissions
     """
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.user1 = User.objects.create_user('test', 'test@example.com', 'test')
-        self.user2 = User.objects.create_user('test2', 'test2@example.com', 'test')
-        self.user3 = User.objects.create_user('test3', 'test3@example.com', 'test')
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.user1 = User.objects.create_user('test', 'test@example.com', 'test')
+        cls.user2 = User.objects.create_user('test2', 'test2@example.com', 'test')
+        cls.user3 = User.objects.create_user('test3', 'test3@example.com', 'test')
 
     def tearDown(self):
         # The get_group_permissions test messes with ContentTypes, which will
@@ -439,8 +440,9 @@ class NoBackendsTest(TestCase):
     """
     An appropriate error is raised if no auth backends are provided.
     """
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.user = User.objects.create_user('test', 'test@example.com', 'test')
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.user = User.objects.create_user('test', 'test@example.com', 'test')
 
     def test_raises_exception(self):
         msg = (
@@ -457,10 +459,11 @@ class InActiveUserBackendTest(TestCase):
     Tests for an inactive user
     """
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.user1 = User.objects.create_user('test', 'test@example.com', 'test')
-        self.user1.is_active = False
-        self.user1.save()
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.user1 = User.objects.create_user('test', 'test@example.com', 'test')
+        cls.user1.is_active = False
+        cls.user1.save()
 
     def test_has_perm(self):
         self.assertIs(self.user1.has_perm('perm', TestObj()), False)
@@ -492,8 +495,11 @@ class PermissionDeniedBackendTest(TestCase):
     """
     backend = 'auth_tests.test_auth_backends.PermissionDeniedBackend'
 
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.user1 = User.objects.create_user('test', 'test@example.com', 'test')
+
     def setUp(self):
-        self.user1 = User.objects.create_user('test', 'test@example.com', 'test')
         self.user_login_failed = []
         signals.user_login_failed.connect(self.user_login_failed_listener)
 
@@ -547,8 +553,9 @@ class ChangedBackendSettingsTest(TestCase):
     TEST_PASSWORD = 'test_password'
     TEST_EMAIL = 'test@example.com'
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        User.objects.create_user(self.TEST_USERNAME, self.TEST_EMAIL, self.TEST_PASSWORD)
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        User.objects.create_user(cls.TEST_USERNAME, cls.TEST_EMAIL, cls.TEST_PASSWORD)
 
     @override_settings(AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS=[backend])
     def test_changed_backend_settings(self):
@@ -592,8 +599,9 @@ class SkippedBackend:
 
 
 class AuthenticateTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.user1 = User.objects.create_user('test', 'test@example.com', 'test')
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.user1 = User.objects.create_user('test', 'test@example.com', 'test')
 
     @override_settings(AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS=['auth_tests.test_auth_backends.TypeErrorBackend'])
     def test_type_error_raised(self):
@@ -618,8 +626,11 @@ class ImproperlyConfiguredUserModelTest(TestCase):
     An exception from within get_user_model() is propagated and doesn't
     raise an UnboundLocalError (#21439).
     """
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.user1 = User.objects.create_user('test', 'test@example.com', 'test')
+
     def setUp(self):
-        self.user1 = User.objects.create_user('test', 'test@example.com', 'test')
         self.client.login(username='test', password='test')
 
     @override_settings(AUTH_USER_MODEL='thismodel.doesntexist')
diff --git a/tests/auth_tests/test_decorators.py b/tests/auth_tests/test_decorators.py
index befe5c4d27..9cd79b4190 100644
--- a/tests/auth_tests/test_decorators.py
+++ b/tests/auth_tests/test_decorators.py
@@ -58,12 +58,15 @@ class PermissionsRequiredDecoratorTest(TestCase):
     """
     Tests for the permission_required decorator
     """
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.user = models.User.objects.create(username='joe', password='qwerty')
-        self.factory = RequestFactory()
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.user = models.User.objects.create(username='joe', password='qwerty')
         # Add permissions auth.add_customuser and auth.change_customuser
         perms = models.Permission.objects.filter(codename__in=('add_customuser', 'change_customuser'))
-        self.user.user_permissions.add(*perms)
+        cls.user.user_permissions.add(*perms)
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.factory = RequestFactory()
 
     def test_many_permissions_pass(self):
 
diff --git a/tests/auth_tests/test_management.py b/tests/auth_tests/test_management.py
index 07b913b8d2..b9bb092e78 100644
--- a/tests/auth_tests/test_management.py
+++ b/tests/auth_tests/test_management.py
@@ -132,8 +132,11 @@ class GetDefaultUsernameTestCase(TestCase):
 ])
 class ChangepasswordManagementCommandTestCase(TestCase):
 
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.user = User.objects.create_user(username='joe', password='qwerty')
+
     def setUp(self):
-        self.user = User.objects.create_user(username='joe', password='qwerty')
         self.stdout = StringIO()
         self.stderr = StringIO()
 
diff --git a/tests/auth_tests/test_views.py b/tests/auth_tests/test_views.py
index 3d0c3ecadf..d4311a0fad 100644
--- a/tests/auth_tests/test_views.py
+++ b/tests/auth_tests/test_views.py
@@ -1109,10 +1109,15 @@ def get_perm(Model, perm):
 @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='auth_tests.urls_admin')
 class ChangelistTests(AuthViewsTestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        super().setUpTestData()
         # Make me a superuser before logging in.
         User.objects.filter(username='testclient').update(is_staff=True, is_superuser=True)
+
+    def setUp(self):
         self.login()
+        # Get the latest last_login value.
         self.admin = User.objects.get(pk=self.u1.pk)
 
     def get_user_data(self, user):
diff --git a/tests/basic/tests.py b/tests/basic/tests.py
index b3bb4d02cc..909f3049b9 100644
--- a/tests/basic/tests.py
+++ b/tests/basic/tests.py
@@ -372,15 +372,16 @@ class ModelTest(TestCase):
 
 
 class ModelLookupTest(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
         # Create an Article.
-        self.a = Article(
+        cls.a = Article(
             id=None,
             headline='Swallow programs in Python',
             pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28),
         )
         # Save it into the database. You have to call save() explicitly.
-        self.a.save()
+        cls.a.save()
 
     def test_all_lookup(self):
         # Change values by changing the attributes, then calling save().
diff --git a/tests/custom_columns/tests.py b/tests/custom_columns/tests.py
index f5dfd9c0cd..874b024050 100644
--- a/tests/custom_columns/tests.py
+++ b/tests/custom_columns/tests.py
@@ -6,13 +6,14 @@ from .models import Article, Author
 
 class CustomColumnsTests(TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.a1 = Author.objects.create(first_name="John", last_name="Smith")
-        self.a2 = Author.objects.create(first_name="Peter", last_name="Jones")
-        self.authors = [self.a1, self.a2]
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.a1 = Author.objects.create(first_name="John", last_name="Smith")
+        cls.a2 = Author.objects.create(first_name="Peter", last_name="Jones")
+        cls.authors = [cls.a1, cls.a2]
 
-        self.article = Article.objects.create(headline="Django lets you build Web apps easily", primary_author=self.a1)
-        self.article.authors.set(self.authors)
+        cls.article = Article.objects.create(headline="Django lets you build Web apps easily", primary_author=cls.a1)
+        cls.article.authors.set(cls.authors)
 
     def test_query_all_available_authors(self):
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(
diff --git a/tests/custom_lookups/tests.py b/tests/custom_lookups/tests.py
index 981a45b74a..670f90f36c 100644
--- a/tests/custom_lookups/tests.py
+++ b/tests/custom_lookups/tests.py
@@ -400,12 +400,15 @@ class DateTimeLookupTests(TestCase):
 
 
 class YearLteTests(TestCase):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.a1 = Author.objects.create(name='a1', birthdate=date(1981, 2, 16))
+        cls.a2 = Author.objects.create(name='a2', birthdate=date(2012, 2, 29))
+        cls.a3 = Author.objects.create(name='a3', birthdate=date(2012, 1, 31))
+        cls.a4 = Author.objects.create(name='a4', birthdate=date(2012, 3, 1))
+
     def setUp(self):
         models.DateField.register_lookup(YearTransform)
-        self.a1 = Author.objects.create(name='a1', birthdate=date(1981, 2, 16))
-        self.a2 = Author.objects.create(name='a2', birthdate=date(2012, 2, 29))
-        self.a3 = Author.objects.create(name='a3', birthdate=date(2012, 1, 31))
-        self.a4 = Author.objects.create(name='a4', birthdate=date(2012, 3, 1))
 
     def tearDown(self):
         models.DateField._unregister_lookup(YearTransform)
diff --git a/tests/delete_regress/tests.py b/tests/delete_regress/tests.py
index d4d39843e3..a1bead144e 100644
--- a/tests/delete_regress/tests.py
+++ b/tests/delete_regress/tests.py
@@ -258,11 +258,12 @@ class Ticket19102Tests(TestCase):
     Note that .values() is not tested here on purpose. .values().delete()
     doesn't work for non fast-path deletes at all.
     """
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.o1 = OrgUnit.objects.create(name='o1')
-        self.o2 = OrgUnit.objects.create(name='o2')
-        self.l1 = Login.objects.create(description='l1', orgunit=self.o1)
-        self.l2 = Login.objects.create(description='l2', orgunit=self.o2)
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.o1 = OrgUnit.objects.create(name='o1')
+        cls.o2 = OrgUnit.objects.create(name='o2')
+        cls.l1 = Login.objects.create(description='l1', orgunit=cls.o1)
+        cls.l2 = Login.objects.create(description='l2', orgunit=cls.o2)
 
     @skipUnlessDBFeature("update_can_self_select")
     def test_ticket_19102_annotate(self):
diff --git a/tests/distinct_on_fields/tests.py b/tests/distinct_on_fields/tests.py
index 6ed73cd75a..009b0191fb 100644
--- a/tests/distinct_on_fields/tests.py
+++ b/tests/distinct_on_fields/tests.py
@@ -9,27 +9,28 @@ from .models import Celebrity, Fan, Staff, StaffTag, Tag
 @skipUnlessDBFeature('can_distinct_on_fields')
 @skipUnlessDBFeature('supports_nullable_unique_constraints')
 class DistinctOnTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.t1 = Tag.objects.create(name='t1')
-        self.t2 = Tag.objects.create(name='t2', parent=self.t1)
-        self.t3 = Tag.objects.create(name='t3', parent=self.t1)
-        self.t4 = Tag.objects.create(name='t4', parent=self.t3)
-        self.t5 = Tag.objects.create(name='t5', parent=self.t3)
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.t1 = Tag.objects.create(name='t1')
+        cls.t2 = Tag.objects.create(name='t2', parent=cls.t1)
+        cls.t3 = Tag.objects.create(name='t3', parent=cls.t1)
+        cls.t4 = Tag.objects.create(name='t4', parent=cls.t3)
+        cls.t5 = Tag.objects.create(name='t5', parent=cls.t3)
 
-        self.p1_o1 = Staff.objects.create(id=1, name="p1", organisation="o1")
-        self.p2_o1 = Staff.objects.create(id=2, name="p2", organisation="o1")
-        self.p3_o1 = Staff.objects.create(id=3, name="p3", organisation="o1")
-        self.p1_o2 = Staff.objects.create(id=4, name="p1", organisation="o2")
-        self.p1_o1.coworkers.add(self.p2_o1, self.p3_o1)
-        StaffTag.objects.create(staff=self.p1_o1, tag=self.t1)
-        StaffTag.objects.create(staff=self.p1_o1, tag=self.t1)
+        cls.p1_o1 = Staff.objects.create(id=1, name="p1", organisation="o1")
+        cls.p2_o1 = Staff.objects.create(id=2, name="p2", organisation="o1")
+        cls.p3_o1 = Staff.objects.create(id=3, name="p3", organisation="o1")
+        cls.p1_o2 = Staff.objects.create(id=4, name="p1", organisation="o2")
+        cls.p1_o1.coworkers.add(cls.p2_o1, cls.p3_o1)
+        StaffTag.objects.create(staff=cls.p1_o1, tag=cls.t1)
+        StaffTag.objects.create(staff=cls.p1_o1, tag=cls.t1)
 
         celeb1 = Celebrity.objects.create(name="c1")
         celeb2 = Celebrity.objects.create(name="c2")
 
-        self.fan1 = Fan.objects.create(fan_of=celeb1)
-        self.fan2 = Fan.objects.create(fan_of=celeb1)
-        self.fan3 = Fan.objects.create(fan_of=celeb2)
+        cls.fan1 = Fan.objects.create(fan_of=celeb1)
+        cls.fan2 = Fan.objects.create(fan_of=celeb1)
+        cls.fan3 = Fan.objects.create(fan_of=celeb2)
 
     def test_basic_distinct_on(self):
         """QuerySet.distinct('field', ...) works"""
diff --git a/tests/expressions/tests.py b/tests/expressions/tests.py
index 02d621a90c..2ed928915a 100644
--- a/tests/expressions/tests.py
+++ b/tests/expressions/tests.py
@@ -850,11 +850,12 @@ class SimpleExpressionTests(SimpleTestCase):
 
 class ExpressionsNumericTests(TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
         Number(integer=-1).save()
         Number(integer=42).save()
         Number(integer=1337).save()
-        self.assertEqual(Number.objects.update(float=F('integer')), 3)
+        Number.objects.update(float=F('integer'))
 
     def test_fill_with_value_from_same_object(self):
         """
diff --git a/tests/extra_regress/tests.py b/tests/extra_regress/tests.py
index e225d8cd62..67625235f4 100644
--- a/tests/extra_regress/tests.py
+++ b/tests/extra_regress/tests.py
@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@ from .models import Order, RevisionableModel, TestObject
 
 class ExtraRegressTests(TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.u = User.objects.create_user(
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.u = User.objects.create_user(
             username="fred",
             password="secret",
             email="fred@example.com"
diff --git a/tests/foreign_object/test_empty_join.py b/tests/foreign_object/test_empty_join.py
index 1fc6c450d7..83300fd25b 100644
--- a/tests/foreign_object/test_empty_join.py
+++ b/tests/foreign_object/test_empty_join.py
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ from .models import SlugPage
 
 
 class RestrictedConditionsTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
         slugs = [
             'a',
             'a/a',
diff --git a/tests/foreign_object/tests.py b/tests/foreign_object/tests.py
index 6af6def6d7..2469250a12 100644
--- a/tests/foreign_object/tests.py
+++ b/tests/foreign_object/tests.py
@@ -18,28 +18,28 @@ from .models import (
 
 
 class MultiColumnFKTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
         # Creating countries
-        self.usa = Country.objects.create(name="United States of America")
-        self.soviet_union = Country.objects.create(name="Soviet Union")
-        Person()
+        cls.usa = Country.objects.create(name="United States of America")
+        cls.soviet_union = Country.objects.create(name="Soviet Union")
         # Creating People
-        self.bob = Person()
-        self.bob.name = 'Bob'
-        self.bob.person_country = self.usa
-        self.bob.save()
-        self.jim = Person.objects.create(name='Jim', person_country=self.usa)
-        self.george = Person.objects.create(name='George', person_country=self.usa)
+        cls.bob = Person()
+        cls.bob.name = 'Bob'
+        cls.bob.person_country = cls.usa
+        cls.bob.save()
+        cls.jim = Person.objects.create(name='Jim', person_country=cls.usa)
+        cls.george = Person.objects.create(name='George', person_country=cls.usa)
 
-        self.jane = Person.objects.create(name='Jane', person_country=self.soviet_union)
-        self.mark = Person.objects.create(name='Mark', person_country=self.soviet_union)
-        self.sam = Person.objects.create(name='Sam', person_country=self.soviet_union)
+        cls.jane = Person.objects.create(name='Jane', person_country=cls.soviet_union)
+        cls.mark = Person.objects.create(name='Mark', person_country=cls.soviet_union)
+        cls.sam = Person.objects.create(name='Sam', person_country=cls.soviet_union)
 
         # Creating Groups
-        self.kgb = Group.objects.create(name='KGB', group_country=self.soviet_union)
-        self.cia = Group.objects.create(name='CIA', group_country=self.usa)
-        self.republican = Group.objects.create(name='Republican', group_country=self.usa)
-        self.democrat = Group.objects.create(name='Democrat', group_country=self.usa)
+        cls.kgb = Group.objects.create(name='KGB', group_country=cls.soviet_union)
+        cls.cia = Group.objects.create(name='CIA', group_country=cls.usa)
+        cls.republican = Group.objects.create(name='Republican', group_country=cls.usa)
+        cls.democrat = Group.objects.create(name='Democrat', group_country=cls.usa)
 
     def test_get_succeeds_on_multicolumn_match(self):
         # Membership objects have access to their related Person if both
diff --git a/tests/from_db_value/tests.py b/tests/from_db_value/tests.py
index c6cc07ed3c..ab92f37ccf 100644
--- a/tests/from_db_value/tests.py
+++ b/tests/from_db_value/tests.py
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ from .models import Cash, CashModel
 
 
 class FromDBValueTest(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
         CashModel.objects.create(cash='12.50')
 
     def test_simple_load(self):
diff --git a/tests/get_or_create/tests.py b/tests/get_or_create/tests.py
index 194d4159b6..ea9f137d7d 100644
--- a/tests/get_or_create/tests.py
+++ b/tests/get_or_create/tests.py
@@ -16,8 +16,9 @@ from .models import (
 
 class GetOrCreateTests(TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.lennon = Person.objects.create(
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        Person.objects.create(
             first_name='John', last_name='Lennon', birthday=date(1940, 10, 9)
         )
 
@@ -189,8 +190,9 @@ class GetOrCreateTests(TestCase):
 
 class GetOrCreateTestsWithManualPKs(TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.first_pk = ManualPrimaryKeyTest.objects.create(id=1, data="Original")
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        ManualPrimaryKeyTest.objects.create(id=1, data="Original")
 
     def test_create_with_duplicate_primary_key(self):
         """
diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/test_feeds.py b/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/test_feeds.py
index 457754a004..037041e66e 100644
--- a/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/test_feeds.py
+++ b/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/test_feeds.py
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@ from .models import City
 class GeoFeedTest(TestCase):
     fixtures = ['initial']
 
-    def setUp(self):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
         Site(id=settings.SITE_ID, domain="example.com", name="example.com").save()
 
     def assertChildNodes(self, elem, expected):
diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/test_sitemaps.py b/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/test_sitemaps.py
index d1617860b5..1dbd57fd71 100644
--- a/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/test_sitemaps.py
+++ b/tests/gis_tests/geoapp/test_sitemaps.py
@@ -13,8 +13,8 @@ from .models import City, Country
 @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='gis_tests.geoapp.urls')
 class GeoSitemapTest(TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        super().setUp()
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
         Site(id=settings.SITE_ID, domain="example.com", name="example.com").save()
 
     def assertChildNodes(self, elem, expected):
diff --git a/tests/lookup/tests.py b/tests/lookup/tests.py
index d759bbadff..3d68c04ea0 100644
--- a/tests/lookup/tests.py
+++ b/tests/lookup/tests.py
@@ -15,60 +15,61 @@ from .models import (
 
 class LookupTests(TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
         # Create a few Authors.
-        self.au1 = Author.objects.create(name='Author 1', alias='a1')
-        self.au2 = Author.objects.create(name='Author 2', alias='a2')
+        cls.au1 = Author.objects.create(name='Author 1', alias='a1')
+        cls.au2 = Author.objects.create(name='Author 2', alias='a2')
         # Create a few Articles.
-        self.a1 = Article.objects.create(
+        cls.a1 = Article.objects.create(
             headline='Article 1',
             pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 26),
-            author=self.au1,
+            author=cls.au1,
             slug='a1',
         )
-        self.a2 = Article.objects.create(
+        cls.a2 = Article.objects.create(
             headline='Article 2',
             pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 27),
-            author=self.au1,
+            author=cls.au1,
             slug='a2',
         )
-        self.a3 = Article.objects.create(
+        cls.a3 = Article.objects.create(
             headline='Article 3',
             pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 27),
-            author=self.au1,
+            author=cls.au1,
             slug='a3',
         )
-        self.a4 = Article.objects.create(
+        cls.a4 = Article.objects.create(
             headline='Article 4',
             pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 28),
-            author=self.au1,
+            author=cls.au1,
             slug='a4',
         )
-        self.a5 = Article.objects.create(
+        cls.a5 = Article.objects.create(
             headline='Article 5',
             pub_date=datetime(2005, 8, 1, 9, 0),
-            author=self.au2,
+            author=cls.au2,
             slug='a5',
         )
-        self.a6 = Article.objects.create(
+        cls.a6 = Article.objects.create(
             headline='Article 6',
             pub_date=datetime(2005, 8, 1, 8, 0),
-            author=self.au2,
+            author=cls.au2,
             slug='a6',
         )
-        self.a7 = Article.objects.create(
+        cls.a7 = Article.objects.create(
             headline='Article 7',
             pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 27),
-            author=self.au2,
+            author=cls.au2,
             slug='a7',
         )
         # Create a few Tags.
-        self.t1 = Tag.objects.create(name='Tag 1')
-        self.t1.articles.add(self.a1, self.a2, self.a3)
-        self.t2 = Tag.objects.create(name='Tag 2')
-        self.t2.articles.add(self.a3, self.a4, self.a5)
-        self.t3 = Tag.objects.create(name='Tag 3')
-        self.t3.articles.add(self.a5, self.a6, self.a7)
+        cls.t1 = Tag.objects.create(name='Tag 1')
+        cls.t1.articles.add(cls.a1, cls.a2, cls.a3)
+        cls.t2 = Tag.objects.create(name='Tag 2')
+        cls.t2.articles.add(cls.a3, cls.a4, cls.a5)
+        cls.t3 = Tag.objects.create(name='Tag 3')
+        cls.t3.articles.add(cls.a5, cls.a6, cls.a7)
 
     def test_exists(self):
         # We can use .exists() to check that there are some
diff --git a/tests/m2m_recursive/tests.py b/tests/m2m_recursive/tests.py
index b2667a8d52..ea0de1a329 100644
--- a/tests/m2m_recursive/tests.py
+++ b/tests/m2m_recursive/tests.py
@@ -6,17 +6,18 @@ from .models import Person
 
 
 class RecursiveM2MTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.a, self.b, self.c, self.d = [
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.a, cls.b, cls.c, cls.d = [
             Person.objects.create(name=name)
             for name in ["Anne", "Bill", "Chuck", "David"]
         ]
 
         # Anne is friends with Bill and Chuck
-        self.a.friends.add(self.b, self.c)
+        cls.a.friends.add(cls.b, cls.c)
 
         # David is friends with Anne and Chuck - add in reverse direction
-        self.d.friends.add(self.a, self.c)
+        cls.d.friends.add(cls.a, cls.c)
 
     def test_recursive_m2m_all(self):
         # Who is friends with Anne?
diff --git a/tests/m2m_signals/tests.py b/tests/m2m_signals/tests.py
index 834897eb77..1e063e8a56 100644
--- a/tests/m2m_signals/tests.py
+++ b/tests/m2m_signals/tests.py
@@ -9,6 +9,26 @@ from .models import Car, Part, Person, SportsCar
 
 
 class ManyToManySignalsTest(TestCase):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.vw = Car.objects.create(name='VW')
+        cls.bmw = Car.objects.create(name='BMW')
+        cls.toyota = Car.objects.create(name='Toyota')
+
+        cls.wheelset = Part.objects.create(name='Wheelset')
+        cls.doors = Part.objects.create(name='Doors')
+        cls.engine = Part.objects.create(name='Engine')
+        cls.airbag = Part.objects.create(name='Airbag')
+        cls.sunroof = Part.objects.create(name='Sunroof')
+
+        cls.alice = Person.objects.create(name='Alice')
+        cls.bob = Person.objects.create(name='Bob')
+        cls.chuck = Person.objects.create(name='Chuck')
+        cls.daisy = Person.objects.create(name='Daisy')
+
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.m2m_changed_messages = []
+
     def m2m_changed_signal_receiver(self, signal, sender, **kwargs):
         message = {
             'instance': kwargs['instance'],
@@ -22,24 +42,6 @@ class ManyToManySignalsTest(TestCase):
             )
         self.m2m_changed_messages.append(message)
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.m2m_changed_messages = []
-
-        self.vw = Car.objects.create(name='VW')
-        self.bmw = Car.objects.create(name='BMW')
-        self.toyota = Car.objects.create(name='Toyota')
-
-        self.wheelset = Part.objects.create(name='Wheelset')
-        self.doors = Part.objects.create(name='Doors')
-        self.engine = Part.objects.create(name='Engine')
-        self.airbag = Part.objects.create(name='Airbag')
-        self.sunroof = Part.objects.create(name='Sunroof')
-
-        self.alice = Person.objects.create(name='Alice')
-        self.bob = Person.objects.create(name='Bob')
-        self.chuck = Person.objects.create(name='Chuck')
-        self.daisy = Person.objects.create(name='Daisy')
-
     def tearDown(self):
         # disconnect all signal handlers
         models.signals.m2m_changed.disconnect(
diff --git a/tests/m2m_through_regress/tests.py b/tests/m2m_through_regress/tests.py
index 64be4252bd..7454bac99d 100644
--- a/tests/m2m_through_regress/tests.py
+++ b/tests/m2m_through_regress/tests.py
@@ -160,18 +160,19 @@ class M2MThroughSerializationTestCase(TestCase):
 
 
 class ToFieldThroughTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.car = Car.objects.create(make="Toyota")
-        self.driver = Driver.objects.create(name="Ryan Briscoe")
-        CarDriver.objects.create(car=self.car, driver=self.driver)
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.car = Car.objects.create(make="Toyota")
+        cls.driver = Driver.objects.create(name="Ryan Briscoe")
+        CarDriver.objects.create(car=cls.car, driver=cls.driver)
         # We are testing if wrong objects get deleted due to using wrong
         # field value in m2m queries. So, it is essential that the pk
         # numberings do not match.
         # Create one intentionally unused driver to mix up the autonumbering
-        self.unused_driver = Driver.objects.create(name="Barney Gumble")
+        cls.unused_driver = Driver.objects.create(name="Barney Gumble")
         # And two intentionally unused cars.
-        self.unused_car1 = Car.objects.create(make="Trabant")
-        self.unused_car2 = Car.objects.create(make="Wartburg")
+        cls.unused_car1 = Car.objects.create(make="Trabant")
+        cls.unused_car2 = Car.objects.create(make="Wartburg")
 
     def test_to_field(self):
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(
diff --git a/tests/m2o_recursive/tests.py b/tests/m2o_recursive/tests.py
index 0f7ee9071d..309b61f260 100644
--- a/tests/m2o_recursive/tests.py
+++ b/tests/m2o_recursive/tests.py
@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@ from .models import Category, Person
 
 class ManyToOneRecursiveTests(TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.r = Category(id=None, name='Root category', parent=None)
-        self.r.save()
-        self.c = Category(id=None, name='Child category', parent=self.r)
-        self.c.save()
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.r = Category(id=None, name='Root category', parent=None)
+        cls.r.save()
+        cls.c = Category(id=None, name='Child category', parent=cls.r)
+        cls.c.save()
 
     def test_m2o_recursive(self):
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(self.r.child_set.all(),
@@ -22,13 +23,14 @@ class ManyToOneRecursiveTests(TestCase):
 
 class MultipleManyToOneRecursiveTests(TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.dad = Person(full_name='John Smith Senior', mother=None, father=None)
-        self.dad.save()
-        self.mom = Person(full_name='Jane Smith', mother=None, father=None)
-        self.mom.save()
-        self.kid = Person(full_name='John Smith Junior', mother=self.mom, father=self.dad)
-        self.kid.save()
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.dad = Person(full_name='John Smith Senior', mother=None, father=None)
+        cls.dad.save()
+        cls.mom = Person(full_name='Jane Smith', mother=None, father=None)
+        cls.mom.save()
+        cls.kid = Person(full_name='John Smith Junior', mother=cls.mom, father=cls.dad)
+        cls.kid.save()
 
     def test_m2o_recursive2(self):
         self.assertEqual(self.kid.mother.id, self.mom.id)
diff --git a/tests/model_fields/test_uuid.py b/tests/model_fields/test_uuid.py
index 40fc82812f..c07d064d4d 100644
--- a/tests/model_fields/test_uuid.py
+++ b/tests/model_fields/test_uuid.py
@@ -82,8 +82,9 @@ class TestMethods(SimpleTestCase):
 
 
 class TestQuerying(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.objs = [
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.objs = [
             NullableUUIDModel.objects.create(field=uuid.uuid4()),
             NullableUUIDModel.objects.create(field='550e8400e29b41d4a716446655440000'),
             NullableUUIDModel.objects.create(field=None),
diff --git a/tests/model_forms/tests.py b/tests/model_forms/tests.py
index 194e97a08b..77075e52f9 100644
--- a/tests/model_forms/tests.py
+++ b/tests/model_forms/tests.py
@@ -832,8 +832,9 @@ class UniqueTest(TestCase):
     """
     unique/unique_together validation.
     """
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.writer = Writer.objects.create(name='Mike Royko')
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.writer = Writer.objects.create(name='Mike Royko')
 
     def test_simple_unique(self):
         form = ProductForm({'slug': 'teddy-bear-blue'})
@@ -1587,10 +1588,11 @@ class ModelFormBasicTests(TestCase):
 
 
 class ModelMultipleChoiceFieldTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.c1 = Category.objects.create(name='Entertainment', slug='entertainment', url='entertainment')
-        self.c2 = Category.objects.create(name="It's a test", slug='its-test', url='test')
-        self.c3 = Category.objects.create(name='Third', slug='third-test', url='third')
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.c1 = Category.objects.create(name='Entertainment', slug='entertainment', url='entertainment')
+        cls.c2 = Category.objects.create(name="It's a test", slug='its-test', url='test')
+        cls.c3 = Category.objects.create(name='Third', slug='third-test', url='third')
 
     def test_model_multiple_choice_field(self):
         f = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(Category.objects.all())
diff --git a/tests/modeladmin/test_has_add_permission_obj_deprecation.py b/tests/modeladmin/test_has_add_permission_obj_deprecation.py
index f5489a41db..17bbacc1fe 100644
--- a/tests/modeladmin/test_has_add_permission_obj_deprecation.py
+++ b/tests/modeladmin/test_has_add_permission_obj_deprecation.py
@@ -81,9 +81,12 @@ class BandAdmin(ModelAdmin):
 
 class ModelAdminTests(TestCase):
 
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.band = Band.objects.create(name='The Doors', bio='', sign_date=date(1965, 1, 1))
+        cls.song = Song.objects.create(name='test', band=cls.band)
+
     def setUp(self):
-        self.band = Band.objects.create(name='The Doors', bio='', sign_date=date(1965, 1, 1))
-        self.song = Song.objects.create(name='test', band=self.band)
         self.site = AdminSite()
         self.request = MockRequest()
         self.request.user = self.MockAddUser()
diff --git a/tests/nested_foreign_keys/tests.py b/tests/nested_foreign_keys/tests.py
index 098023d23a..08a19504e4 100644
--- a/tests/nested_foreign_keys/tests.py
+++ b/tests/nested_foreign_keys/tests.py
@@ -25,9 +25,10 @@ from .models import (
 # relation such as introduced by one-to-one relations (through multi-table
 # inheritance).
 class NestedForeignKeysTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.director = Person.objects.create(name='Terry Gilliam / Terry Jones')
-        self.movie = Movie.objects.create(title='Monty Python and the Holy Grail', director=self.director)
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.director = Person.objects.create(name='Terry Gilliam / Terry Jones')
+        cls.movie = Movie.objects.create(title='Monty Python and the Holy Grail', director=cls.director)
 
     # This test failed in #16715 because in some cases INNER JOIN was selected
     # for the second foreign key relation instead of LEFT OUTER JOIN.
@@ -124,9 +125,10 @@ class NestedForeignKeysTests(TestCase):
 # nesting as we now use 4 models instead of 3 (and thus 3 relations). This
 # checks if promotion of join types works for deeper nesting too.
 class DeeplyNestedForeignKeysTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.director = Person.objects.create(name='Terry Gilliam / Terry Jones')
-        self.movie = Movie.objects.create(title='Monty Python and the Holy Grail', director=self.director)
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.director = Person.objects.create(name='Terry Gilliam / Terry Jones')
+        cls.movie = Movie.objects.create(title='Monty Python and the Holy Grail', director=cls.director)
 
     def test_inheritance(self):
         Event.objects.create()
diff --git a/tests/or_lookups/tests.py b/tests/or_lookups/tests.py
index fd4cc3369b..f2d2ec2fad 100644
--- a/tests/or_lookups/tests.py
+++ b/tests/or_lookups/tests.py
@@ -9,14 +9,15 @@ from .models import Article
 
 class OrLookupsTests(TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.a1 = Article.objects.create(
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.a1 = Article.objects.create(
             headline='Hello', pub_date=datetime(2005, 11, 27)
         ).pk
-        self.a2 = Article.objects.create(
+        cls.a2 = Article.objects.create(
             headline='Goodbye', pub_date=datetime(2005, 11, 28)
         ).pk
-        self.a3 = Article.objects.create(
+        cls.a3 = Article.objects.create(
             headline='Hello and goodbye', pub_date=datetime(2005, 11, 29)
         ).pk
 
diff --git a/tests/pagination/tests.py b/tests/pagination/tests.py
index 20e74981cd..ef5108e42b 100644
--- a/tests/pagination/tests.py
+++ b/tests/pagination/tests.py
@@ -309,7 +309,8 @@ class ModelPaginationTests(TestCase):
     """
     Test pagination with Django model instances
     """
-    def setUp(self):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
         # Prepare a list of objects for pagination.
         for x in range(1, 10):
             a = Article(headline='Article %s' % x, pub_date=datetime(2005, 7, 29))
diff --git a/tests/postgres_tests/test_array.py b/tests/postgres_tests/test_array.py
index 9c678bb588..f878ad3fb5 100644
--- a/tests/postgres_tests/test_array.py
+++ b/tests/postgres_tests/test_array.py
@@ -138,14 +138,15 @@ class TestSaveLoad(PostgreSQLTestCase):
 
 class TestQuerying(PostgreSQLTestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.objs = [
-            NullableIntegerArrayModel.objects.create(field=[1]),
-            NullableIntegerArrayModel.objects.create(field=[2]),
-            NullableIntegerArrayModel.objects.create(field=[2, 3]),
-            NullableIntegerArrayModel.objects.create(field=[20, 30, 40]),
-            NullableIntegerArrayModel.objects.create(field=None),
-        ]
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.objs = NullableIntegerArrayModel.objects.bulk_create([
+            NullableIntegerArrayModel(field=[1]),
+            NullableIntegerArrayModel(field=[2]),
+            NullableIntegerArrayModel(field=[2, 3]),
+            NullableIntegerArrayModel(field=[20, 30, 40]),
+            NullableIntegerArrayModel(field=None),
+        ])
 
     def test_exact(self):
         self.assertSequenceEqual(
@@ -368,16 +369,17 @@ class TestQuerying(PostgreSQLTestCase):
 
 class TestDateTimeExactQuerying(PostgreSQLTestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
         now = timezone.now()
-        self.datetimes = [now]
-        self.dates = [now.date()]
-        self.times = [now.time()]
-        self.objs = [
+        cls.datetimes = [now]
+        cls.dates = [now.date()]
+        cls.times = [now.time()]
+        cls.objs = [
             DateTimeArrayModel.objects.create(
-                datetimes=self.datetimes,
-                dates=self.dates,
-                times=self.times,
+                datetimes=cls.datetimes,
+                dates=cls.dates,
+                times=cls.times,
             )
         ]
 
@@ -402,17 +404,18 @@ class TestDateTimeExactQuerying(PostgreSQLTestCase):
 
 class TestOtherTypesExactQuerying(PostgreSQLTestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.ips = ['192.168.0.1', '::1']
-        self.uuids = [uuid.uuid4()]
-        self.decimals = [decimal.Decimal(1.25), 1.75]
-        self.tags = [Tag(1), Tag(2), Tag(3)]
-        self.objs = [
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.ips = ['192.168.0.1', '::1']
+        cls.uuids = [uuid.uuid4()]
+        cls.decimals = [decimal.Decimal(1.25), 1.75]
+        cls.tags = [Tag(1), Tag(2), Tag(3)]
+        cls.objs = [
             OtherTypesArrayModel.objects.create(
-                ips=self.ips,
-                uuids=self.uuids,
-                decimals=self.decimals,
-                tags=self.tags,
+                ips=cls.ips,
+                uuids=cls.uuids,
+                decimals=cls.decimals,
+                tags=cls.tags,
             )
         ]
 
diff --git a/tests/postgres_tests/test_hstore.py b/tests/postgres_tests/test_hstore.py
index 0a2d77e4a4..1d7403fb20 100644
--- a/tests/postgres_tests/test_hstore.py
+++ b/tests/postgres_tests/test_hstore.py
@@ -66,14 +66,15 @@ class SimpleTests(PostgreSQLTestCase):
 
 class TestQuerying(PostgreSQLTestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.objs = [
-            HStoreModel.objects.create(field={'a': 'b'}),
-            HStoreModel.objects.create(field={'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'}),
-            HStoreModel.objects.create(field={'c': 'd'}),
-            HStoreModel.objects.create(field={}),
-            HStoreModel.objects.create(field=None),
-        ]
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.objs = HStoreModel.objects.bulk_create([
+            HStoreModel(field={'a': 'b'}),
+            HStoreModel(field={'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'}),
+            HStoreModel(field={'c': 'd'}),
+            HStoreModel(field={}),
+            HStoreModel(field=None),
+        ])
 
     def test_exact(self):
         self.assertSequenceEqual(
diff --git a/tests/postgres_tests/test_unaccent.py b/tests/postgres_tests/test_unaccent.py
index 477bb3d653..6d52f1d7dd 100644
--- a/tests/postgres_tests/test_unaccent.py
+++ b/tests/postgres_tests/test_unaccent.py
@@ -10,11 +10,12 @@ class UnaccentTest(PostgreSQLTestCase):
 
     Model = CharFieldModel
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.Model.objects.bulk_create([
-            self.Model(field="àéÖ"),
-            self.Model(field="aeO"),
-            self.Model(field="aeo"),
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.Model.objects.bulk_create([
+            cls.Model(field="àéÖ"),
+            cls.Model(field="aeO"),
+            cls.Model(field="aeo"),
         ])
 
     def test_unaccent(self):
diff --git a/tests/properties/tests.py b/tests/properties/tests.py
index 9ba28c0d0d..38f39a1dbb 100644
--- a/tests/properties/tests.py
+++ b/tests/properties/tests.py
@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@ from .models import Person
 
 class PropertyTests(TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.a = Person(first_name='John', last_name='Lennon')
-        self.a.save()
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.a = Person(first_name='John', last_name='Lennon')
+        cls.a.save()
 
     def test_getter(self):
         self.assertEqual(self.a.full_name, 'John Lennon')
diff --git a/tests/queryset_pickle/tests.py b/tests/queryset_pickle/tests.py
index 7eec47379c..e5cee5fd66 100644
--- a/tests/queryset_pickle/tests.py
+++ b/tests/queryset_pickle/tests.py
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ from .models import Container, Event, Group, Happening, M2MModel
 
 
 class PickleabilityTestCase(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
         Happening.objects.create()  # make sure the defaults are working (#20158)
 
     def assert_pickles(self, qs):
diff --git a/tests/redirects_tests/tests.py b/tests/redirects_tests/tests.py
index e7f5dfb97d..7e683a0ab7 100644
--- a/tests/redirects_tests/tests.py
+++ b/tests/redirects_tests/tests.py
@@ -11,8 +11,9 @@ from django.test import TestCase, modify_settings, override_settings
 @override_settings(APPEND_SLASH=False, ROOT_URLCONF='redirects_tests.urls', SITE_ID=1)
 class RedirectTests(TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.site = Site.objects.get(pk=settings.SITE_ID)
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.site = Site.objects.get(pk=settings.SITE_ID)
 
     def test_model(self):
         r1 = Redirect.objects.create(site=self.site, old_path='/initial', new_path='/new_target')
@@ -75,8 +76,9 @@ class OverriddenRedirectFallbackMiddleware(RedirectFallbackMiddleware):
 @override_settings(SITE_ID=1)
 class OverriddenRedirectMiddlewareTests(TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.site = Site.objects.get(pk=settings.SITE_ID)
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.site = Site.objects.get(pk=settings.SITE_ID)
 
     def test_response_gone_class(self):
         Redirect.objects.create(site=self.site, old_path='/initial/', new_path='')
diff --git a/tests/reverse_lookup/tests.py b/tests/reverse_lookup/tests.py
index ece30a2a1b..e9eee35f47 100644
--- a/tests/reverse_lookup/tests.py
+++ b/tests/reverse_lookup/tests.py
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ from .models import Choice, Poll, User
 
 class ReverseLookupTests(TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
         john = User.objects.create(name="John Doe")
         jim = User.objects.create(name="Jim Bo")
         first_poll = Poll.objects.create(
diff --git a/tests/select_related_onetoone/tests.py b/tests/select_related_onetoone/tests.py
index 0438257a0d..a7eee5efb8 100644
--- a/tests/select_related_onetoone/tests.py
+++ b/tests/select_related_onetoone/tests.py
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ from .models import (
 
 
 class ReverseSelectRelatedTestCase(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
         user = User.objects.create(username="test")
         UserProfile.objects.create(user=user, state="KS", city="Lawrence")
         results = UserStatResult.objects.create(results='first results')
diff --git a/tests/sitemaps_tests/base.py b/tests/sitemaps_tests/base.py
index af5f78f327..3373af98e7 100644
--- a/tests/sitemaps_tests/base.py
+++ b/tests/sitemaps_tests/base.py
@@ -13,12 +13,15 @@ class SitemapTestsBase(TestCase):
     sites_installed = apps.is_installed('django.contrib.sites')
     domain = 'example.com' if sites_installed else 'testserver'
 
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        # Create an object for sitemap content.
+        TestModel.objects.create(name='Test Object')
+        cls.i18n_model = I18nTestModel.objects.create(name='Test Object')
+
     def setUp(self):
         self.base_url = '%s://%s' % (self.protocol, self.domain)
         cache.clear()
-        # Create an object for sitemap content.
-        TestModel.objects.create(name='Test Object')
-        self.i18n_model = I18nTestModel.objects.create(name='Test Object')
 
     @classmethod
     def setUpClass(cls):
diff --git a/tests/sites_framework/tests.py b/tests/sites_framework/tests.py
index de37bb5a00..e44b3a6d84 100644
--- a/tests/sites_framework/tests.py
+++ b/tests/sites_framework/tests.py
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@ from .models import CustomArticle, ExclusiveArticle, SyndicatedArticle
 
 
 class SitesFrameworkTestCase(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
         Site.objects.get_or_create(id=settings.SITE_ID, domain="example.com", name="example.com")
         Site.objects.create(id=settings.SITE_ID + 1, domain="example2.com", name="example2.com")
 
diff --git a/tests/sites_tests/tests.py b/tests/sites_tests/tests.py
index 4bbf9d2907..95b4373642 100644
--- a/tests/sites_tests/tests.py
+++ b/tests/sites_tests/tests.py
@@ -20,13 +20,14 @@ from django.test.utils import captured_stdout
 class SitesFrameworkTests(TestCase):
     multi_db = True
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.site = Site(
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.site = Site(
             id=settings.SITE_ID,
             domain="example.com",
             name="example.com",
         )
-        self.site.save()
+        cls.site.save()
 
     def tearDown(self):
         Site.objects.clear_cache()
@@ -241,11 +242,14 @@ class JustOtherRouter:
 class CreateDefaultSiteTests(TestCase):
     multi_db = True
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.app_config = apps.get_app_config('sites')
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
         # Delete the site created as part of the default migration process.
         Site.objects.all().delete()
 
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.app_config = apps.get_app_config('sites')
+
     def test_basic(self):
         """
         #15346, #15573 - create_default_site() creates an example site only if
diff --git a/tests/test_utils/tests.py b/tests/test_utils/tests.py
index b484518687..320531e32c 100644
--- a/tests/test_utils/tests.py
+++ b/tests/test_utils/tests.py
@@ -185,9 +185,10 @@ class AssertNumQueriesUponConnectionTests(TransactionTestCase):
 
 
 class AssertQuerysetEqualTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.p1 = Person.objects.create(name='p1')
-        self.p2 = Person.objects.create(name='p2')
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.p1 = Person.objects.create(name='p1')
+        cls.p2 = Person.objects.create(name='p2')
 
     def test_ordered(self):
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(
@@ -255,8 +256,9 @@ class AssertQuerysetEqualTests(TestCase):
 @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF='test_utils.urls')
 class CaptureQueriesContextManagerTests(TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.person_pk = str(Person.objects.create(name='test').pk)
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.person_pk = str(Person.objects.create(name='test').pk)
 
     def test_simple(self):
         with CaptureQueriesContext(connection) as captured_queries:
diff --git a/tests/update/tests.py b/tests/update/tests.py
index f99e16b3d3..63e930bfa0 100644
--- a/tests/update/tests.py
+++ b/tests/update/tests.py
@@ -6,12 +6,13 @@ from .models import A, B, Bar, D, DataPoint, Foo, RelatedPoint
 
 
 class SimpleTest(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.a1 = A.objects.create()
-        self.a2 = A.objects.create()
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.a1 = A.objects.create()
+        cls.a2 = A.objects.create()
         for x in range(20):
-            B.objects.create(a=self.a1)
-            D.objects.create(a=self.a1)
+            B.objects.create(a=cls.a1)
+            D.objects.create(a=cls.a1)
 
     def test_nonempty_update(self):
         """
@@ -62,11 +63,12 @@ class SimpleTest(TestCase):
 
 class AdvancedTests(TestCase):
 
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.d0 = DataPoint.objects.create(name="d0", value="apple")
-        self.d2 = DataPoint.objects.create(name="d2", value="banana")
-        self.d3 = DataPoint.objects.create(name="d3", value="banana")
-        self.r1 = RelatedPoint.objects.create(name="r1", data=self.d3)
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.d0 = DataPoint.objects.create(name="d0", value="apple")
+        cls.d2 = DataPoint.objects.create(name="d2", value="banana")
+        cls.d3 = DataPoint.objects.create(name="d3", value="banana")
+        cls.r1 = RelatedPoint.objects.create(name="r1", data=cls.d3)
 
     def test_update(self):
         """
diff --git a/tests/validation/tests.py b/tests/validation/tests.py
index bc23ac5808..46fe2f0c7b 100644
--- a/tests/validation/tests.py
+++ b/tests/validation/tests.py
@@ -83,8 +83,9 @@ class ArticleForm(forms.ModelForm):
 
 
 class ModelFormsTests(TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.author = Author.objects.create(name='Joseph Kocherhans')
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpTestData(cls):
+        cls.author = Author.objects.create(name='Joseph Kocherhans')
 
     def test_partial_validation(self):
         # Make sure the "commit=False and set field values later" idiom still