Removed unnecessary trailing commas and spaces in various code.

42 files changed, 87 insertions, 87 deletions

diff --git a/django/contrib/auth/decorators.py b/django/contrib/auth/decorators.py
index 55a23ade56..53f62e8371 100644
--- a/django/contrib/auth/decorators.py
+++ b/django/contrib/auth/decorators.py
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ def permission_required(perm, login_url=None, raise_exception=False):
     """
     def check_perms(user):
         if isinstance(perm, str):
-            perms = (perm, )
+            perms = (perm,)
         else:
             perms = perm
         # First check if the user has the permission (even anon users)
diff --git a/django/contrib/auth/mixins.py b/django/contrib/auth/mixins.py
index c6011225c4..a06e04dadd 100644
--- a/django/contrib/auth/mixins.py
+++ b/django/contrib/auth/mixins.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class PermissionRequiredMixin(AccessMixin):
                 '{0}.get_permission_required().'.format(self.__class__.__name__)
             )
         if isinstance(self.permission_required, str):
-            perms = (self.permission_required, )
+            perms = (self.permission_required,)
         else:
             perms = self.permission_required
         return perms
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/models/fields.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/models/fields.py
index 12af07b9b7..0cd644ddd9 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/models/fields.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/models/fields.py
@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ class RasterField(BaseSpatialField):
             band_index = int(name)
             return type(
                 'SpecificRasterBandTransform',
-                (RasterBandTransform, ),
+                (RasterBandTransform,),
                 {'band_index': band_index}
             )
         except ValueError:
diff --git a/django/core/checks/registry.py b/django/core/checks/registry.py
index c580c80483..9d44940016 100644
--- a/django/core/checks/registry.py
+++ b/django/core/checks/registry.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class CheckRegistry:
             return inner(check)
         else:
             if check:
-                tags += (check, )
+                tags += (check,)
             return inner
 
     def run_checks(self, app_configs=None, tags=None, include_deployment_checks=False):
diff --git a/django/core/management/commands/inspectdb.py b/django/core/management/commands/inspectdb.py
index 4d453ea86b..c502b34b51 100644
--- a/django/core/management/commands/inspectdb.py
+++ b/django/core/management/commands/inspectdb.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from django.db.models.constants import LOOKUP_SEP
 class Command(BaseCommand):
     help = "Introspects the database tables in the given database and outputs a Django model module."
     requires_system_checks = False
-    stealth_options = ('table_name_filter', )
+    stealth_options = ('table_name_filter',)
     db_module = 'django.db'
 
     def add_arguments(self, parser):
diff --git a/django/core/management/commands/makemigrations.py b/django/core/management/commands/makemigrations.py
index 777577f148..96b9b2adbc 100644
--- a/django/core/management/commands/makemigrations.py
+++ b/django/core/management/commands/makemigrations.py
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
                     biggest_number = max(x for x in numbers if x is not None)
                 except ValueError:
                     biggest_number = 1
-                subclass = type("Migration", (Migration, ), {
+                subclass = type("Migration", (Migration,), {
                     "dependencies": [(app_label, migration.name) for migration in merge_migrations],
                 })
                 migration_name = "%04i_%s" % (
diff --git a/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py b/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py
index e549b7200b..7ca728fc97 100644
--- a/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py
+++ b/django/core/management/commands/migrate.py
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
             else:
                 if targets[0][1] is None:
                     self.stdout.write(self.style.MIGRATE_LABEL(
-                        "  Unapply all migrations: ") + "%s" % (targets[0][0], )
+                        "  Unapply all migrations: ") + "%s" % (targets[0][0],)
                     )
                 else:
                     self.stdout.write(self.style.MIGRATE_LABEL(
diff --git a/django/core/management/commands/squashmigrations.py b/django/core/management/commands/squashmigrations.py
index 60faf6cc1f..68c2a4ea5d 100644
--- a/django/core/management/commands/squashmigrations.py
+++ b/django/core/management/commands/squashmigrations.py
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ class Command(BaseCommand):
                 replaces.append((migration.app_label, migration.name))
 
         # Make a new migration with those operations
-        subclass = type("Migration", (migrations.Migration, ), {
+        subclass = type("Migration", (migrations.Migration,), {
             "dependencies": dependencies,
             "operations": new_operations,
             "replaces": replaces,
diff --git a/django/db/migrations/autodetector.py b/django/db/migrations/autodetector.py
index dfbadc9d22..1dce17be6e 100644
--- a/django/db/migrations/autodetector.py
+++ b/django/db/migrations/autodetector.py
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ class MigrationAutodetector:
             )
         # Unknown dependency. Raise an error.
         else:
-            raise ValueError("Can't handle dependency %r" % (dependency, ))
+            raise ValueError("Can't handle dependency %r" % (dependency,))
 
     def add_operation(self, app_label, operation, dependencies=None, beginning=False):
         # Dependencies are (app_label, model_name, field_name, create/delete as True/False)
diff --git a/django/db/migrations/exceptions.py b/django/db/migrations/exceptions.py
index c2e9ceb28c..f389701d67 100644
--- a/django/db/migrations/exceptions.py
+++ b/django/db/migrations/exceptions.py
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class NodeNotFoundError(LookupError):
         return self.message
 
     def __repr__(self):
-        return "NodeNotFoundError(%r)" % (self.node, )
+        return "NodeNotFoundError(%r)" % (self.node,)
 
 
 class MigrationSchemaMissing(DatabaseError):
diff --git a/django/db/migrations/graph.py b/django/db/migrations/graph.py
index 4bb66b7615..a2ad984e73 100644
--- a/django/db/migrations/graph.py
+++ b/django/db/migrations/graph.py
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class MigrationGraph:
         except KeyError as err:
             raise NodeNotFoundError(
                 "Unable to find replacement node %r. It was either never added"
-                " to the migration graph, or has been removed." % (replacement, ),
+                " to the migration graph, or has been removed." % (replacement,),
                 replacement
             ) from err
         for replaced_key in replaced:
@@ -214,7 +214,7 @@ class MigrationGraph:
         except KeyError as err:
             raise NodeNotFoundError(
                 "Unable to remove replacement node %r. It was either never added"
-                " to the migration graph, or has been removed already." % (replacement, ),
+                " to the migration graph, or has been removed already." % (replacement,),
                 replacement
             ) from err
         replaced_nodes = set()
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ class MigrationGraph:
         follow if applying the migrations to a database.
         """
         if target not in self.nodes:
-            raise NodeNotFoundError("Node %r not a valid node" % (target, ), target)
+            raise NodeNotFoundError("Node %r not a valid node" % (target,), target)
         # Use parent.key instead of parent to speed up the frequent hashing in ensure_not_cyclic
         self.ensure_not_cyclic(target, lambda x: (parent.key for parent in self.node_map[x].parents))
         self.cached = True
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ class MigrationGraph:
         would follow if removing the migrations from a database.
         """
         if target not in self.nodes:
-            raise NodeNotFoundError("Node %r not a valid node" % (target, ), target)
+            raise NodeNotFoundError("Node %r not a valid node" % (target,), target)
         # Use child.key instead of child to speed up the frequent hashing in ensure_not_cyclic
         self.ensure_not_cyclic(target, lambda x: (child.key for child in self.node_map[x].children))
         self.cached = True
diff --git a/django/db/migrations/operations/models.py b/django/db/migrations/operations/models.py
index 24d71b17c8..fcdf752f6d 100644
--- a/django/db/migrations/operations/models.py
+++ b/django/db/migrations/operations/models.py
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ class DeleteModel(ModelOperation):
             schema_editor.create_model(model)
 
     def describe(self):
-        return "Delete model %s" % (self.name, )
+        return "Delete model %s" % self.name
 
 
 class RenameModel(ModelOperation):
@@ -701,7 +701,7 @@ class AlterModelOptions(ModelOptionOperation):
         pass
 
     def describe(self):
-        return "Change Meta options on %s" % (self.name, )
+        return "Change Meta options on %s" % self.name
 
 
 class AlterModelManagers(ModelOptionOperation):
@@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ class AlterModelManagers(ModelOptionOperation):
         pass
 
     def describe(self):
-        return "Change managers on %s" % (self.name, )
+        return "Change managers on %s" % self.name
 
 
 class IndexOperation(Operation):
diff --git a/django/db/migrations/state.py b/django/db/migrations/state.py
index 7d072175b1..f41d1edf2c 100644
--- a/django/db/migrations/state.py
+++ b/django/db/migrations/state.py
@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ class ModelState:
         self.fields = fields
         self.options = options or {}
         self.options.setdefault('indexes', [])
-        self.bases = bases or (models.Model, )
+        self.bases = bases or (models.Model,)
         self.managers = managers or []
         # Sanity-check that fields is NOT a dict. It must be ordered.
         if isinstance(self.fields, dict):
diff --git a/docs/conf.py b/docs/conf.py
index 3e346fda12..639438a3ac 100644
--- a/docs/conf.py
+++ b/docs/conf.py
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ man_pages = [(
     'Utility script for the Django Web framework',
     ['Django Software Foundation'],
     1
-), ]
+)]
 
 
 # -- Options for Texinfo output ------------------------------------------------
diff --git a/docs/ref/contrib/flatpages.txt b/docs/ref/contrib/flatpages.txt
index 5d34ad6bea..827473a2a9 100644
--- a/docs/ref/contrib/flatpages.txt
+++ b/docs/ref/contrib/flatpages.txt
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ registering a custom ``ModelAdmin`` for ``FlatPage``::
         fieldsets = (
             (None, {'fields': ('url', 'title', 'content', 'sites')}),
             (_('Advanced options'), {
-                'classes': ('collapse', ),
+                'classes': ('collapse',),
                 'fields': (
                     'enable_comments',
                     'registration_required',
diff --git a/docs/ref/contrib/syndication.txt b/docs/ref/contrib/syndication.txt
index 8fa5965a72..421bceaec1 100644
--- a/docs/ref/contrib/syndication.txt
+++ b/docs/ref/contrib/syndication.txt
@@ -1029,7 +1029,7 @@ attributes. Thus, you can subclass the appropriate feed generator class
 .. _georss: http://georss.org/
 .. _itunes podcast format: https://www.apple.com/itunes/podcasts/specs.html
 
-``SyndicationFeed.root_attributes(self, )``
+``SyndicationFeed.root_attributes(self)``
     Return a ``dict`` of attributes to add to the root feed element
     (``feed``/``channel``).
 
diff --git a/docs/topics/auth/customizing.txt b/docs/topics/auth/customizing.txt
index c9909f5924..ce518b41be 100644
--- a/docs/topics/auth/customizing.txt
+++ b/docs/topics/auth/customizing.txt
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ add it to a ``UserAdmin`` class which is registered with the
 
     # Define a new User admin
     class UserAdmin(BaseUserAdmin):
-        inlines = (EmployeeInline, )
+        inlines = (EmployeeInline,)
 
     # Re-register UserAdmin
     admin.site.unregister(User)
diff --git a/tests/admin_filters/tests.py b/tests/admin_filters/tests.py
index 4a11c1a96b..200c8c8db1 100644
--- a/tests/admin_filters/tests.py
+++ b/tests/admin_filters/tests.py
@@ -229,15 +229,15 @@ class EmployeeAdmin(ModelAdmin):
 
 
 class DepartmentFilterEmployeeAdmin(EmployeeAdmin):
-    list_filter = [DepartmentListFilterLookupWithNonStringValue, ]
+    list_filter = [DepartmentListFilterLookupWithNonStringValue]
 
 
 class DepartmentFilterUnderscoredEmployeeAdmin(EmployeeAdmin):
-    list_filter = [DepartmentListFilterLookupWithUnderscoredParameter, ]
+    list_filter = [DepartmentListFilterLookupWithUnderscoredParameter]
 
 
 class DepartmentFilterDynamicValueBookAdmin(EmployeeAdmin):
-    list_filter = [DepartmentListFilterLookupWithDynamicValue, ]
+    list_filter = [DepartmentListFilterLookupWithDynamicValue]
 
 
 class BookmarkAdminGenericRelation(ModelAdmin):
diff --git a/tests/admin_ordering/models.py b/tests/admin_ordering/models.py
index b8098b9bcc..fbddeaa283 100644
--- a/tests/admin_ordering/models.py
+++ b/tests/admin_ordering/models.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class SongInlineDefaultOrdering(admin.StackedInline):
 
 class SongInlineNewOrdering(admin.StackedInline):
     model = Song
-    ordering = ('duration', )
+    ordering = ('duration',)
 
 
 class DynOrderingBandAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
diff --git a/tests/admin_views/admin.py b/tests/admin_views/admin.py
index 2c58baea7a..1e4124fca5 100644
--- a/tests/admin_views/admin.py
+++ b/tests/admin_views/admin.py
@@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ class StoryForm(forms.ModelForm):
 class StoryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
     list_display = ('id', 'title', 'content')
     list_display_links = ('title',)  # 'id' not in list_display_links
-    list_editable = ('content', )
+    list_editable = ('content',)
     form = StoryForm
     ordering = ['-id']
 
@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ class StoryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
 class OtherStoryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
     list_display = ('id', 'title', 'content')
     list_display_links = ('title', 'id')  # 'id' in list_display_links
-    list_editable = ('content', )
+    list_editable = ('content',)
     ordering = ['-id']
 
 
@@ -748,7 +748,7 @@ def callable_on_unknown(obj):
 
 
 class AttributeErrorRaisingAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
-    list_display = [callable_on_unknown, ]
+    list_display = [callable_on_unknown]
 
 
 class CustomManagerAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
diff --git a/tests/check_framework/test_security.py b/tests/check_framework/test_security.py
index 370fca533b..cfc90f95e9 100644
--- a/tests/check_framework/test_security.py
+++ b/tests/check_framework/test_security.py
@@ -518,6 +518,6 @@ class CheckAllowedHostsTest(SimpleTestCase):
     def test_allowed_hosts_empty(self):
         self.assertEqual(self.func(None), [base.W020])
 
-    @override_settings(ALLOWED_HOSTS=['.example.com', ])
+    @override_settings(ALLOWED_HOSTS=['.example.com'])
     def test_allowed_hosts_set(self):
         self.assertEqual(self.func(None), [])
diff --git a/tests/check_framework/tests.py b/tests/check_framework/tests.py
index abb4298c65..061ead9d23 100644
--- a/tests/check_framework/tests.py
+++ b/tests/check_framework/tests.py
@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ class SystemCheckFrameworkTests(SimpleTestCase):
             return [1, 2, 3]
 
         def f2(**kwargs):
-            return [4, ]
+            return [4]
 
         def f3(**kwargs):
-            return [5, ]
+            return [5]
 
         calls = [0]
 
diff --git a/tests/flatpages_tests/test_forms.py b/tests/flatpages_tests/test_forms.py
index 9ed678fdc2..2a4bb0679a 100644
--- a/tests/flatpages_tests/test_forms.py
+++ b/tests/flatpages_tests/test_forms.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from django.test import TestCase, modify_settings, override_settings
 from django.utils import translation
 
 
-@modify_settings(INSTALLED_APPS={'append': ['django.contrib.flatpages', ]})
+@modify_settings(INSTALLED_APPS={'append': ['django.contrib.flatpages']})
 @override_settings(SITE_ID=1)
 class FlatpageAdminFormTests(TestCase):
 
diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/gdal_tests/test_raster.py b/tests/gis_tests/gdal_tests/test_raster.py
index 219600fb6a..936f9f1204 100644
--- a/tests/gis_tests/gdal_tests/test_raster.py
+++ b/tests/gis_tests/gdal_tests/test_raster.py
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ class GDALRasterTests(SimpleTestCase):
         if numpy:
             result = result.flatten().tolist()
         # All band data is equal to nodata value.
-        self.assertEqual(result, [23, ] * 4)
+        self.assertEqual(result, [23] * 4)
 
     def test_set_nodata_none_on_raster_creation(self):
         if GDAL_VERSION < (2, 1):
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ class GDALRasterTests(SimpleTestCase):
         })
         # Set metadata on raster and on a band.
         metadata = {
-            'DEFAULT': {'OWNER': 'Django', 'VERSION': '1.0', 'AREA_OR_POINT': 'Point', },
+            'DEFAULT': {'OWNER': 'Django', 'VERSION': '1.0', 'AREA_OR_POINT': 'Point'},
         }
         source.metadata = metadata
         source.bands[0].metadata = metadata
@@ -307,13 +307,13 @@ class GDALRasterTests(SimpleTestCase):
         self.assertEqual(source.bands[0].metadata['DEFAULT'], metadata['DEFAULT'])
         # Update metadata on raster.
         metadata = {
-            'DEFAULT': {'VERSION': '2.0', },
+            'DEFAULT': {'VERSION': '2.0'},
         }
         source.metadata = metadata
         self.assertEqual(source.metadata['DEFAULT']['VERSION'], '2.0')
         # Remove metadata on raster.
         metadata = {
-            'DEFAULT': {'OWNER': None, },
+            'DEFAULT': {'OWNER': None},
         }
         source.metadata = metadata
         self.assertNotIn('OWNER', source.metadata['DEFAULT'])
diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/geos_tests/test_geos.py b/tests/gis_tests/geos_tests/test_geos.py
index 955bb6c5d2..db8c44d758 100644
--- a/tests/gis_tests/geos_tests/test_geos.py
+++ b/tests/gis_tests/geos_tests/test_geos.py
@@ -1264,7 +1264,7 @@ class GEOSTest(SimpleTestCase, TestDataMixin):
         mp = MultiPolygon(p1, p2)
         path, args, kwargs = mp.deconstruct()
         self.assertEqual(path, 'django.contrib.gis.geos.collections.MultiPolygon')
-        self.assertEqual(args, (p1, p2, ))
+        self.assertEqual(args, (p1, p2))
         self.assertEqual(kwargs, {})
 
         poly = Polygon(((0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 1), (0, 0)))
diff --git a/tests/i18n/tests.py b/tests/i18n/tests.py
index 752940b614..5fb710faf8 100644
--- a/tests/i18n/tests.py
+++ b/tests/i18n/tests.py
@@ -1142,7 +1142,7 @@ class MiscTests(SimpleTestCase):
             ('en; q=1.0, * ; q=0.5', [('en', 1.0), ('*', 0.5)]),
             # Bad headers
             ('en-gb;q=1.0000', []),
-            ('en;q=0.1234', [], ),
+            ('en;q=0.1234', []),
             ('en;q=.2', []),
             ('abcdefghi-au', []),
             ('**', []),
diff --git a/tests/lookup/models.py b/tests/lookup/models.py
index d58d863885..ef5e7dfb0e 100644
--- a/tests/lookup/models.py
+++ b/tests/lookup/models.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class Author(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
 
     class Meta:
-        ordering = ('name', )
+        ordering = ('name',)
 
 
 class Article(models.Model):
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class Tag(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
 
     class Meta:
-        ordering = ('name', )
+        ordering = ('name',)
 
 
 class NulledTextField(models.TextField):
diff --git a/tests/m2m_through/tests.py b/tests/m2m_through/tests.py
index 5be6ef72d0..930f5e848c 100644
--- a/tests/m2m_through/tests.py
+++ b/tests/m2m_through/tests.py
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class M2mThroughTests(TestCase):
 
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(
             self.rock.members.all(),
-            ['Jim', ],
+            ['Jim'],
             attrgetter("name")
         )
 
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class M2mThroughTests(TestCase):
 
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(
             self.bob.group_set.all(),
-            ['Rock', ],
+            ['Rock'],
             attrgetter('name')
         )
 
@@ -192,7 +192,7 @@ class M2mThroughTests(TestCase):
 
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(
             Group.objects.filter(members__name='Bob'),
-            ['Roll', ],
+            ['Roll'],
             attrgetter("name")
         )
 
diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_autodetector.py b/tests/migrations/test_autodetector.py
index a111b8f70d..bc828203f8 100644
--- a/tests/migrations/test_autodetector.py
+++ b/tests/migrations/test_autodetector.py
@@ -237,13 +237,13 @@ class AutodetectorTests(TestCase):
     author_proxy_options = ModelState("testapp", "AuthorProxy", [], {
         "proxy": True,
         "verbose_name": "Super Author",
-    }, ("testapp.author", ))
-    author_proxy_notproxy = ModelState("testapp", "AuthorProxy", [], {}, ("testapp.author", ))
-    author_proxy_third = ModelState("thirdapp", "AuthorProxy", [], {"proxy": True}, ("testapp.author", ))
-    author_proxy_third_notproxy = ModelState("thirdapp", "AuthorProxy", [], {}, ("testapp.author", ))
-    author_proxy_proxy = ModelState("testapp", "AAuthorProxyProxy", [], {"proxy": True}, ("testapp.authorproxy", ))
-    author_unmanaged = ModelState("testapp", "AuthorUnmanaged", [], {"managed": False}, ("testapp.author", ))
-    author_unmanaged_managed = ModelState("testapp", "AuthorUnmanaged", [], {}, ("testapp.author", ))
+    }, ("testapp.author",))
+    author_proxy_notproxy = ModelState("testapp", "AuthorProxy", [], {}, ("testapp.author",))
+    author_proxy_third = ModelState("thirdapp", "AuthorProxy", [], {"proxy": True}, ("testapp.author",))
+    author_proxy_third_notproxy = ModelState("thirdapp", "AuthorProxy", [], {}, ("testapp.author",))
+    author_proxy_proxy = ModelState("testapp", "AAuthorProxyProxy", [], {"proxy": True}, ("testapp.authorproxy",))
+    author_unmanaged = ModelState("testapp", "AuthorUnmanaged", [], {"managed": False}, ("testapp.author",))
+    author_unmanaged_managed = ModelState("testapp", "AuthorUnmanaged", [], {}, ("testapp.author",))
     author_unmanaged_default_pk = ModelState("testapp", "Author", [("id", models.AutoField(primary_key=True))])
     author_unmanaged_custom_pk = ModelState("testapp", "Author", [
         ("pk_field", models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)),
@@ -430,14 +430,14 @@ class AutodetectorTests(TestCase):
     custom_user = ModelState("thirdapp", "CustomUser", [
         ("id", models.AutoField(primary_key=True)),
         ("username", models.CharField(max_length=255)),
-    ], bases=(AbstractBaseUser, ))
+    ], bases=(AbstractBaseUser,))
     custom_user_no_inherit = ModelState("thirdapp", "CustomUser", [
         ("id", models.AutoField(primary_key=True)),
         ("username", models.CharField(max_length=255)),
     ])
     aardvark = ModelState("thirdapp", "Aardvark", [("id", models.AutoField(primary_key=True))])
     aardvark_testapp = ModelState("testapp", "Aardvark", [("id", models.AutoField(primary_key=True))])
-    aardvark_based_on_author = ModelState("testapp", "Aardvark", [], bases=("testapp.Author", ))
+    aardvark_based_on_author = ModelState("testapp", "Aardvark", [], bases=("testapp.Author",))
     aardvark_pk_fk_author = ModelState("testapp", "Aardvark", [
         ("id", models.OneToOneField("testapp.Author", models.CASCADE, primary_key=True)),
     ])
@@ -2071,7 +2071,7 @@ class AutodetectorTests(TestCase):
             tenant = ModelState("a", "Tenant", [
                 ("id", models.AutoField(primary_key=True)),
                 ("primary_address", models.ForeignKey("b.Address", models.CASCADE))],
-                bases=(AbstractBaseUser, )
+                bases=(AbstractBaseUser,)
             )
             address = ModelState("b", "Address", [
                 ("id", models.AutoField(primary_key=True)),
@@ -2105,7 +2105,7 @@ class AutodetectorTests(TestCase):
             tenant = ModelState("b", "Tenant", [
                 ("id", models.AutoField(primary_key=True)),
                 ("primary_address", models.ForeignKey("a.Address", models.CASCADE))],
-                bases=(AbstractBaseUser, )
+                bases=(AbstractBaseUser,)
             )
             changes = self.get_changes([], [address, tenant])
         # Right number/type of migrations?
diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_executor.py b/tests/migrations/test_executor.py
index fdbc724faf..71447478ad 100644
--- a/tests/migrations/test_executor.py
+++ b/tests/migrations/test_executor.py
@@ -554,14 +554,14 @@ class ExecutorTests(MigrationTestBase):
 
         migrations = executor.loader.graph.nodes
         expected = [
-            ("render_start", ),
-            ("render_success", ),
+            ("render_start",),
+            ("render_success",),
             ("apply_start", migrations['migrations', '0001_initial'], False),
             ("apply_success", migrations['migrations', '0001_initial'], False),
             ("apply_start", migrations['migrations', '0002_second'], False),
             ("apply_success", migrations['migrations', '0002_second'], False),
-            ("render_start", ),
-            ("render_success", ),
+            ("render_start",),
+            ("render_success",),
             ("unapply_start", migrations['migrations', '0002_second'], False),
             ("unapply_success", migrations['migrations', '0002_second'], False),
             ("unapply_start", migrations['migrations', '0001_initial'], False),
diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_graph.py b/tests/migrations/test_graph.py
index 799ee916fc..d4ab3685a9 100644
--- a/tests/migrations/test_graph.py
+++ b/tests/migrations/test_graph.py
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ class GraphTests(SimpleTestCase):
         graph.add_dependency("app_b.0001", ("app_b", "0001"), ("app_a", "0003"))
         # Test whole graph
         with self.assertRaises(CircularDependencyError):
-            graph.forwards_plan(("app_a", "0003"), )
+            graph.forwards_plan(("app_a", "0003"))
 
     def test_circular_graph_2(self):
         graph = MigrationGraph()
diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_operations.py b/tests/migrations/test_operations.py
index d953ea20aa..fb429e19cf 100644
--- a/tests/migrations/test_operations.py
+++ b/tests/migrations/test_operations.py
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ class OperationTests(OperationTestBase):
             "ProxyPony",
             [],
             options={"proxy": True},
-            bases=("test_crprmo.Pony", ),
+            bases=("test_crprmo.Pony",),
         )
         self.assertEqual(operation.describe(), "Create proxy model ProxyPony")
         new_state = project_state.clone()
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ class OperationTests(OperationTestBase):
             "UnmanagedPony",
             [],
             options={"proxy": True},
-            bases=("test_crummo.Pony", ),
+            bases=("test_crummo.Pony",),
         )
         self.assertEqual(operation.describe(), "Create proxy model UnmanagedPony")
         new_state = project_state.clone()
diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_optimizer.py b/tests/migrations/test_optimizer.py
index 40cc50b33b..0a13ef290f 100644
--- a/tests/migrations/test_optimizer.py
+++ b/tests/migrations/test_optimizer.py
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ class OptimizerTests(SimpleTestCase):
         self.assertDoesNotOptimize(
             [
                 migrations.CreateModel("Foo", [("name", models.CharField(max_length=255))]),
-                migrations.CreateModel("Bar", [("size", models.IntegerField())], bases=("testapp.Foo", )),
+                migrations.CreateModel("Bar", [("size", models.IntegerField())], bases=("testapp.Foo",)),
                 migrations.DeleteModel("Foo"),
             ],
         )
@@ -252,11 +252,11 @@ class OptimizerTests(SimpleTestCase):
         self.assertOptimizesTo(
             [
                 migrations.CreateModel("Foo", [("name", models.CharField(max_length=255))]),
-                migrations.CreateModel("Bar", [("size", models.IntegerField())], bases=("testapp.Foo", )),
+                migrations.CreateModel("Bar", [("size", models.IntegerField())], bases=("testapp.Foo",)),
                 migrations.DeleteModel("Foo"),
             ],
             [
-                migrations.CreateModel("Bar", [("size", models.IntegerField())], bases=("testapp.Foo", )),
+                migrations.CreateModel("Bar", [("size", models.IntegerField())], bases=("testapp.Foo",)),
             ],
             app_label="otherapp",
         )
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ class OptimizerTests(SimpleTestCase):
         self.assertDoesNotOptimize(
             [
                 migrations.CreateModel("Foo", [("name", models.CharField(max_length=255))]),
-                migrations.CreateModel("Bar", [("size", models.IntegerField())], bases=("testapp.Foo", )),
+                migrations.CreateModel("Bar", [("size", models.IntegerField())], bases=("testapp.Foo",)),
                 migrations.DeleteModel("Foo"),
             ],
             app_label="testapp",
diff --git a/tests/migrations/test_state.py b/tests/migrations/test_state.py
index 9110e8d447..255e14beff 100644
--- a/tests/migrations/test_state.py
+++ b/tests/migrations/test_state.py
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class StateTests(SimpleTestCase):
             author_state.options,
             {"unique_together": {("name", "bio")}, "index_together": {("bio", "age")}, "indexes": []}
         )
-        self.assertEqual(author_state.bases, (models.Model, ))
+        self.assertEqual(author_state.bases, (models.Model,))
 
         self.assertEqual(book_state.app_label, "migrations")
         self.assertEqual(book_state.name, "Book")
@@ -141,18 +141,18 @@ class StateTests(SimpleTestCase):
             book_state.options,
             {"verbose_name": "tome", "db_table": "test_tome", "indexes": [book_index]},
         )
-        self.assertEqual(book_state.bases, (models.Model, ))
+        self.assertEqual(book_state.bases, (models.Model,))
 
         self.assertEqual(author_proxy_state.app_label, "migrations")
         self.assertEqual(author_proxy_state.name, "AuthorProxy")
         self.assertEqual(author_proxy_state.fields, [])
         self.assertEqual(author_proxy_state.options, {"proxy": True, "ordering": ["name"], "indexes": []})
-        self.assertEqual(author_proxy_state.bases, ("migrations.author", ))
+        self.assertEqual(author_proxy_state.bases, ("migrations.author",))
 
         self.assertEqual(sub_author_state.app_label, "migrations")
         self.assertEqual(sub_author_state.name, "SubAuthor")
         self.assertEqual(len(sub_author_state.fields), 2)
-        self.assertEqual(sub_author_state.bases, ("migrations.author", ))
+        self.assertEqual(sub_author_state.bases, ("migrations.author",))
 
         # The default manager is used in migrations
         self.assertEqual([name for name, mgr in food_state.managers], ['food_mgr'])
@@ -1003,7 +1003,7 @@ class ModelStateTests(SimpleTestCase):
         self.assertIs(author_state.fields[2][1].null, False)
         self.assertIs(author_state.fields[3][1].null, True)
         self.assertEqual(author_state.options, {'swappable': 'TEST_SWAPPABLE_MODEL', 'indexes': []})
-        self.assertEqual(author_state.bases, (models.Model, ))
+        self.assertEqual(author_state.bases, (models.Model,))
         self.assertEqual(author_state.managers, [])
 
     @override_settings(TEST_SWAPPABLE_MODEL='migrations.SomeFakeModel')
@@ -1049,7 +1049,7 @@ class ModelStateTests(SimpleTestCase):
             station_state.options,
             {'abstract': False, 'swappable': 'TEST_SWAPPABLE_MODEL', 'indexes': []}
         )
-        self.assertEqual(station_state.bases, ('migrations.searchablelocation', ))
+        self.assertEqual(station_state.bases, ('migrations.searchablelocation',))
         self.assertEqual(station_state.managers, [])
 
     @override_settings(TEST_SWAPPABLE_MODEL='migrations.SomeFakeModel')
diff --git a/tests/model_formsets_regress/tests.py b/tests/model_formsets_regress/tests.py
index 26ab9c1ae9..ec58a6382a 100644
--- a/tests/model_formsets_regress/tests.py
+++ b/tests/model_formsets_regress/tests.py
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ class FormsetTests(TestCase):
         data = {'test-TOTAL_FORMS': '1',
                 'test-INITIAL_FORMS': '0',
                 'test-MAX_NUM_FORMS': '',
-                'test-0-name': 'Random Place', }
+                'test-0-name': 'Random Place'}
         with self.assertNumQueries(1):
             formset = Formset(data, prefix="test")
             formset.save()
diff --git a/tests/modeladmin/test_checks.py b/tests/modeladmin/test_checks.py
index 5559a8fe3c..f268fead15 100644
--- a/tests/modeladmin/test_checks.py
+++ b/tests/modeladmin/test_checks.py
@@ -625,7 +625,7 @@ class ListFilterTests(CheckTestCase):
                 return 'awesomeness'
 
             def get_choices(self, request):
-                return (('bit', 'A bit awesome'), ('very', 'Very awesome'), )
+                return (('bit', 'A bit awesome'), ('very', 'Very awesome'))
 
             def get_queryset(self, cl, qs):
                 return qs
@@ -655,7 +655,7 @@ class ListFilterTests(CheckTestCase):
                 return 'awesomeness'
 
             def get_choices(self, request):
-                return (('bit', 'A bit awesome'), ('very', 'Very awesome'), )
+                return (('bit', 'A bit awesome'), ('very', 'Very awesome'))
 
             def get_queryset(self, cl, qs):
                 return qs
@@ -1248,10 +1248,10 @@ class AutocompleteFieldsTests(CheckTestCase):
 
     def test_autocomplete_is_onetoone(self):
         class UserAdmin(ModelAdmin):
-            search_fields = ('name', )
+            search_fields = ('name',)
 
         class Admin(ModelAdmin):
-            autocomplete_fields = ('best_friend', )
+            autocomplete_fields = ('best_friend',)
 
         site = AdminSite()
         site.register(User, UserAdmin)
diff --git a/tests/null_fk_ordering/models.py b/tests/null_fk_ordering/models.py
index a7938cec54..368a47044e 100644
--- a/tests/null_fk_ordering/models.py
+++ b/tests/null_fk_ordering/models.py
@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@ class Article(models.Model):
     author = models.ForeignKey(Author, models.SET_NULL, null=True)
 
     def __str__(self):
-        return 'Article titled: %s' % (self.title, )
+        return 'Article titled: %s' % self.title
 
     class Meta:
-        ordering = ['author__name', ]
+        ordering = ['author__name']
 
 
 # These following 4 models represent a far more complex ordering case.
diff --git a/tests/queries/models.py b/tests/queries/models.py
index c3f5125498..902fd55c05 100644
--- a/tests/queries/models.py
+++ b/tests/queries/models.py
@@ -579,7 +579,7 @@ class Order(models.Model):
     id = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
 
     class Meta:
-        ordering = ('pk', )
+        ordering = ('pk',)
 
     def __str__(self):
         return '%s' % self.pk
@@ -590,7 +590,7 @@ class OrderItem(models.Model):
     status = models.IntegerField()
 
     class Meta:
-        ordering = ('pk', )
+        ordering = ('pk',)
 
     def __str__(self):
         return '%s' % self.pk
diff --git a/tests/queries/tests.py b/tests/queries/tests.py
index 668b07361a..ec50194e3a 100644
--- a/tests/queries/tests.py
+++ b/tests/queries/tests.py
@@ -2351,11 +2351,11 @@ class QuerySetSupportsPythonIdioms(TestCase):
 
     def test_slicing_cannot_filter_queryset_once_sliced(self):
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(AssertionError, "Cannot filter a query once a slice has been taken."):
-            Article.objects.all()[0:5].filter(id=1, )
+            Article.objects.all()[0:5].filter(id=1)
 
     def test_slicing_cannot_reorder_queryset_once_sliced(self):
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(AssertionError, "Cannot reorder a query once a slice has been taken."):
-            Article.objects.all()[0:5].order_by('id', )
+            Article.objects.all()[0:5].order_by('id')
 
     def test_slicing_cannot_combine_queries_once_sliced(self):
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(AssertionError, "Cannot combine queries once a slice has been taken."):
@@ -3581,7 +3581,7 @@ class RelatedLookupTypeTests(TestCase):
         When passing proxy model objects, child objects, or parent objects,
         lookups work fine.
         """
-        out_a = ['<ObjectA: oa>', ]
+        out_a = ['<ObjectA: oa>']
         out_b = ['<ObjectB: ob>', '<ObjectB: pob>']
         out_c = ['<ObjectC: >']
 
diff --git a/tests/queryset_pickle/tests.py b/tests/queryset_pickle/tests.py
index 27f509a9c1..7eec47379c 100644
--- a/tests/queryset_pickle/tests.py
+++ b/tests/queryset_pickle/tests.py
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class PickleabilityTestCase(TestCase):
     def test_model_pickle_dynamic(self):
         class Meta:
             proxy = True
-        dynclass = type("DynamicEventSubclass", (Event, ), {'Meta': Meta, '__module__': Event.__module__})
+        dynclass = type("DynamicEventSubclass", (Event,), {'Meta': Meta, '__module__': Event.__module__})
         original = dynclass(pk=1)
         dumped = pickle.dumps(original)
         reloaded = pickle.loads(dumped)
diff --git a/tests/staticfiles_tests/test_forms.py b/tests/staticfiles_tests/test_forms.py
index 4666520bc1..ec9f069ed8 100644
--- a/tests/staticfiles_tests/test_forms.py
+++ b/tests/staticfiles_tests/test_forms.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ class StaticTestStorage(storage.StaticFilesStorage):
 
 @override_settings(
     STATIC_URL='http://media.example.com/static/',
-    INSTALLED_APPS=('django.contrib.staticfiles', ),
+    INSTALLED_APPS=('django.contrib.staticfiles',),
     STATICFILES_STORAGE='staticfiles_tests.test_forms.StaticTestStorage',
 )
 class StaticFilesFormsMediaTestCase(SimpleTestCase):
diff --git a/tests/validation/test_unique.py b/tests/validation/test_unique.py
index 002e568ae9..88eb94a54e 100644
--- a/tests/validation/test_unique.py
+++ b/tests/validation/test_unique.py
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ class GetUniqueCheckTests(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(
             ([(UniqueTogetherModel, ('ifield', 'cfield')),
               (UniqueTogetherModel, ('ifield', 'efield')),
-              (UniqueTogetherModel, ('id',)), ],
+              (UniqueTogetherModel, ('id',))],
              []),
             m._get_unique_checks()
         )