[5.2.x] Applied Black's 2025 stable style.

https://github.com/psf/black/releases/tag/25.1.0
Backport of ff3aaf036f0cb66cd8f404cd51c603e68aaa7676 from main

46 files changed, 213 insertions, 185 deletions

diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 5f20568b34..0bd515f100 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 repos:
   - repo: https://github.com/psf/black-pre-commit-mirror
-    rev: 24.10.0
+    rev: 25.1.0
     hooks:
     - id: black
       exclude: \.py-tpl$
   - repo: https://github.com/adamchainz/blacken-docs
-    rev: 1.19.0
+    rev: 1.19.1
     hooks:
       - id: blacken-docs
         additional_dependencies:
-        - black==24.10.0
+        - black==25.1.0
         files: 'docs/.*\.txt$'
         args: ["--rst-literal-block"]
   - repo: https://github.com/PyCQA/isort
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/models.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/models.py
index af749c3435..7a69fbc4d0 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/models.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/models.py
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 """
- The GeometryColumns and SpatialRefSys models for the Oracle spatial
- backend.
+The GeometryColumns and SpatialRefSys models for the Oracle spatial
+backend.
 
- It should be noted that Oracle Spatial does not have database tables
- named according to the OGC standard, so the closest analogs are used.
- For example, the `USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA` is used for the GeometryColumns
- model and the `SDO_COORD_REF_SYS` is used for the SpatialRefSys model.
+It should be noted that Oracle Spatial does not have database tables
+named according to the OGC standard, so the closest analogs are used.
+For example, the `USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA` is used for the GeometryColumns
+model and the `SDO_COORD_REF_SYS` is used for the SpatialRefSys model.
 """
 
 from django.contrib.gis.db import models
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.models import SpatialRefSysMixin
 
 class OracleGeometryColumns(models.Model):
     "Maps to the Oracle USER_SDO_GEOM_METADATA table."
+
     table_name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
     column_name = models.CharField(max_length=1024)
     srid = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ class OracleGeometryColumns(models.Model):
 
 class OracleSpatialRefSys(models.Model, SpatialRefSysMixin):
     "Maps to the Oracle MDSYS.CS_SRS table."
+
     cs_name = models.CharField(max_length=68)
     srid = models.IntegerField(primary_key=True)
     auth_srid = models.IntegerField()
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/operations.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/operations.py
index eb86dc39de..1be7668017 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/operations.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/oracle/operations.py
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 """
- This module contains the spatial lookup types, and the `get_geo_where_clause`
- routine for Oracle Spatial.
+This module contains the spatial lookup types, and the `get_geo_where_clause`
+routine for Oracle Spatial.
 
- Please note that WKT support is broken on the XE version, and thus
- this backend will not work on such platforms.  Specifically, XE lacks
- support for an internal JVM, and Java libraries are required to use
- the WKT constructors.
+Please note that WKT support is broken on the XE version, and thus
+this backend will not work on such platforms.  Specifically, XE lacks
+support for an internal JVM, and Java libraries are required to use
+the WKT constructors.
 """
 
 import re
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/adapter.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/adapter.py
index c9715e1756..581fc23b0b 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/adapter.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/adapter.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 """
- This object provides quoting for GEOS geometries into PostgreSQL/PostGIS.
+This object provides quoting for GEOS geometries into PostgreSQL/PostGIS.
 """
 
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.postgis.pgraster import to_pgraster
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/models.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/models.py
index e35ef75ce9..c3747d7353 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/models.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/postgis/models.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 """
- The GeometryColumns and SpatialRefSys models for the PostGIS backend.
+The GeometryColumns and SpatialRefSys models for the PostGIS backend.
 """
 
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.models import SpatialRefSysMixin
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/models.py b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/models.py
index 0f5f7b55ef..1d564b0ac0 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/models.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/db/backends/spatialite/models.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 """
- The GeometryColumns and SpatialRefSys models for the SpatiaLite backend.
+The GeometryColumns and SpatialRefSys models for the SpatiaLite backend.
 """
 
 from django.contrib.gis.db.backends.base.models import SpatialRefSysMixin
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/__init__.py b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/__init__.py
index e63808d39d..37c9273666 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/__init__.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/__init__.py
@@ -1,29 +1,29 @@
 """
- This module houses ctypes interfaces for GDAL objects.  The following GDAL
- objects are supported:
+This module houses ctypes interfaces for GDAL objects.  The following GDAL
+objects are supported:
 
- CoordTransform: Used for coordinate transformations from one spatial
-  reference system to another.
+CoordTransform: Used for coordinate transformations from one spatial
+ reference system to another.
 
- Driver: Wraps an OGR data source driver.
+Driver: Wraps an OGR data source driver.
 
- DataSource: Wrapper for the OGR data source object, supports
-  OGR-supported data sources.
+DataSource: Wrapper for the OGR data source object, supports
+ OGR-supported data sources.
 
- Envelope: A ctypes structure for bounding boxes (GDAL library
-  not required).
+Envelope: A ctypes structure for bounding boxes (GDAL library
+ not required).
 
- OGRGeometry: Object for accessing OGR Geometry functionality.
+OGRGeometry: Object for accessing OGR Geometry functionality.
 
- OGRGeomType: A class for representing the different OGR Geometry
-  types (GDAL library not required).
+OGRGeomType: A class for representing the different OGR Geometry
+ types (GDAL library not required).
 
- SpatialReference: Represents OSR Spatial Reference objects.
+SpatialReference: Represents OSR Spatial Reference objects.
 
- The GDAL library will be imported from the system path using the default
- library name for the current OS. The default library path may be overridden
- by setting `GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH` in your settings with the path to the GDAL C
- library on your system.
+The GDAL library will be imported from the system path using the default
+library name for the current OS. The default library path may be overridden
+by setting `GDAL_LIBRARY_PATH` in your settings with the path to the GDAL C
+library on your system.
 """
 
 from django.contrib.gis.gdal.datasource import DataSource
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/datasource.py b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/datasource.py
index 2ce859ad13..2c9d47918f 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/datasource.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/datasource.py
@@ -1,37 +1,37 @@
 """
- DataSource is a wrapper for the OGR Data Source object, which provides
- an interface for reading vector geometry data from many different file
- formats (including ESRI shapefiles).
+DataSource is a wrapper for the OGR Data Source object, which provides
+an interface for reading vector geometry data from many different file
+formats (including ESRI shapefiles).
 
- When instantiating a DataSource object, use the filename of a
- GDAL-supported data source.  For example, a SHP file or a
- TIGER/Line file from the government.
+When instantiating a DataSource object, use the filename of a
+GDAL-supported data source.  For example, a SHP file or a
+TIGER/Line file from the government.
 
- The ds_driver keyword is used internally when a ctypes pointer
- is passed in directly.
+The ds_driver keyword is used internally when a ctypes pointer
+is passed in directly.
 
- Example:
-  ds = DataSource('/home/foo/bar.shp')
-  for layer in ds:
-      for feature in layer:
-          # Getting the geometry for the feature.
-          g = feature.geom
+Example:
+ ds = DataSource('/home/foo/bar.shp')
+ for layer in ds:
+     for feature in layer:
+         # Getting the geometry for the feature.
+         g = feature.geom
 
-          # Getting the 'description' field for the feature.
-          desc = feature['description']
+         # Getting the 'description' field for the feature.
+         desc = feature['description']
 
-          # We can also increment through all of the fields
-          #  attached to this feature.
-          for field in feature:
-              # Get the name of the field (e.g. 'description')
-              nm = field.name
+         # We can also increment through all of the fields
+         #  attached to this feature.
+         for field in feature:
+             # Get the name of the field (e.g. 'description')
+             nm = field.name
 
-              # Get the type (integer) of the field, e.g. 0 => OFTInteger
-              t = field.type
+             # Get the type (integer) of the field, e.g. 0 => OFTInteger
+             t = field.type
 
-              # Returns the value the field; OFTIntegers return ints,
-              #  OFTReal returns floats, all else returns string.
-              val = field.value
+             # Returns the value the field; OFTIntegers return ints,
+             #  OFTReal returns floats, all else returns string.
+             val = field.value
 """
 
 from pathlib import Path
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ from django.utils.encoding import force_bytes, force_str
 # The OGR_DS_* routines are relevant here.
 class DataSource(GDALBase):
     "Wraps an OGR Data Source object."
+
     destructor = capi.destroy_ds
 
     def __init__(self, ds_input, ds_driver=False, write=False, encoding="utf-8"):
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/envelope.py b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/envelope.py
index 05832bd7cc..24383de196 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/envelope.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/envelope.py
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 """
- The GDAL/OGR library uses an Envelope structure to hold the bounding
- box information for a geometry.  The envelope (bounding box) contains
- two pairs of coordinates, one for the lower left coordinate and one
- for the upper right coordinate:
+The GDAL/OGR library uses an Envelope structure to hold the bounding
+box information for a geometry.  The envelope (bounding box) contains
+two pairs of coordinates, one for the lower left coordinate and one
+for the upper right coordinate:
 
-                           +----------o Upper right; (max_x, max_y)
-                           |          |
-                           |          |
-                           |          |
- Lower left (min_x, min_y) o----------+
+                          +----------o Upper right; (max_x, max_y)
+                          |          |
+                          |          |
+                          |          |
+Lower left (min_x, min_y) o----------+
 """
 
 from ctypes import Structure, c_double
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from django.contrib.gis.gdal.error import GDALException
 #   https://gdal.org/doxygen/ogr__core_8h_source.html
 class OGREnvelope(Structure):
     "Represent the OGREnvelope C Structure."
+
     _fields_ = [
         ("MinX", c_double),
         ("MaxX", c_double),
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/error.py b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/error.py
index df19c2e4a7..08ad5c36b7 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/error.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/error.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """
- This module houses the GDAL & SRS Exception objects, and the
- check_err() routine which checks the status code returned by
- GDAL/OGR methods.
+This module houses the GDAL & SRS Exception objects, and the
+check_err() routine which checks the status code returned by
+GDAL/OGR methods.
 """
 
 
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/geometries.py b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/geometries.py
index 9e712037c0..33e7de0a96 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/geometries.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/geometries.py
@@ -1,42 +1,42 @@
 """
- The OGRGeometry is a wrapper for using the OGR Geometry class
- (see https://gdal.org/api/ogrgeometry_cpp.html#_CPPv411OGRGeometry).
- OGRGeometry may be instantiated when reading geometries from OGR Data Sources
- (e.g. SHP files), or when given OGC WKT (a string).
+The OGRGeometry is a wrapper for using the OGR Geometry class
+(see https://gdal.org/api/ogrgeometry_cpp.html#_CPPv411OGRGeometry).
+OGRGeometry may be instantiated when reading geometries from OGR Data Sources
+(e.g. SHP files), or when given OGC WKT (a string).
 
- While the 'full' API is not present yet, the API is "pythonic" unlike
- the traditional and "next-generation" OGR Python bindings.  One major
- advantage OGR Geometries have over their GEOS counterparts is support
- for spatial reference systems and their transformation.
+While the 'full' API is not present yet, the API is "pythonic" unlike
+the traditional and "next-generation" OGR Python bindings.  One major
+advantage OGR Geometries have over their GEOS counterparts is support
+for spatial reference systems and their transformation.
 
- Example:
-  >>> from django.contrib.gis.gdal import OGRGeometry, OGRGeomType, SpatialReference
-  >>> wkt1, wkt2 = 'POINT(-90 30)', 'POLYGON((0 0, 5 0, 5 5, 0 5)'
-  >>> pnt = OGRGeometry(wkt1)
-  >>> print(pnt)
-  POINT (-90 30)
-  >>> mpnt = OGRGeometry(OGRGeomType('MultiPoint'), SpatialReference('WGS84'))
-  >>> mpnt.add(wkt1)
-  >>> mpnt.add(wkt1)
-  >>> print(mpnt)
-  MULTIPOINT (-90 30,-90 30)
-  >>> print(mpnt.srs.name)
-  WGS 84
-  >>> print(mpnt.srs.proj)
-  +proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs
-  >>> mpnt.transform(SpatialReference('NAD27'))
-  >>> print(mpnt.proj)
-  +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk66 +datum=NAD27 +no_defs
-  >>> print(mpnt)
-  MULTIPOINT (-89.99993037860248 29.99979788655764,-89.99993037860248 29.99979788655764)
+Example:
+ >>> from django.contrib.gis.gdal import OGRGeometry, OGRGeomType, SpatialReference
+ >>> wkt1, wkt2 = 'POINT(-90 30)', 'POLYGON((0 0, 5 0, 5 5, 0 5)'
+ >>> pnt = OGRGeometry(wkt1)
+ >>> print(pnt)
+ POINT (-90 30)
+ >>> mpnt = OGRGeometry(OGRGeomType('MultiPoint'), SpatialReference('WGS84'))
+ >>> mpnt.add(wkt1)
+ >>> mpnt.add(wkt1)
+ >>> print(mpnt)
+ MULTIPOINT (-90 30,-90 30)
+ >>> print(mpnt.srs.name)
+ WGS 84
+ >>> print(mpnt.srs.proj)
+ +proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs
+ >>> mpnt.transform(SpatialReference('NAD27'))
+ >>> print(mpnt.proj)
+ +proj=longlat +ellps=clrk66 +datum=NAD27 +no_defs
+ >>> print(mpnt)
+ MULTIPOINT (-89.99993037860248 29.99979788655764,-89.99993037860248 29.99979788655764)
 
-  The OGRGeomType class is to make it easy to specify an OGR geometry type:
-  >>> from django.contrib.gis.gdal import OGRGeomType
-  >>> gt1 = OGRGeomType(3) # Using an integer for the type
-  >>> gt2 = OGRGeomType('Polygon') # Using a string
-  >>> gt3 = OGRGeomType('POLYGON') # It's case-insensitive
-  >>> print(gt1 == 3, gt1 == 'Polygon') # Equivalence works w/non-OGRGeomType objects
-  True True
+ The OGRGeomType class is to make it easy to specify an OGR geometry type:
+ >>> from django.contrib.gis.gdal import OGRGeomType
+ >>> gt1 = OGRGeomType(3) # Using an integer for the type
+ >>> gt2 = OGRGeomType('Polygon') # Using a string
+ >>> gt3 = OGRGeomType('POLYGON') # It's case-insensitive
+ >>> print(gt1 == 3, gt1 == 'Polygon') # Equivalence works w/non-OGRGeomType objects
+ True True
 """
 
 import sys
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/prototypes/ds.py b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/prototypes/ds.py
index 71148f1b55..0434bc5125 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/prototypes/ds.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/prototypes/ds.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """
- This module houses the ctypes function prototypes for OGR DataSource
- related data structures. OGR_Dr_*, OGR_DS_*, OGR_L_*, OGR_F_*,
- OGR_Fld_* routines are relevant here.
+This module houses the ctypes function prototypes for OGR DataSource
+related data structures. OGR_Dr_*, OGR_DS_*, OGR_L_*, OGR_F_*,
+OGR_Fld_* routines are relevant here.
 """
 
 from ctypes import POINTER, c_char_p, c_double, c_int, c_long, c_uint, c_void_p
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/prototypes/errcheck.py b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/prototypes/errcheck.py
index d37e81cdf6..d970b2e4d2 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/prototypes/errcheck.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/prototypes/errcheck.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """
- This module houses the error-checking routines used by the GDAL
- ctypes prototypes.
+This module houses the error-checking routines used by the GDAL
+ctypes prototypes.
 """
 
 from ctypes import c_void_p, string_at
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/prototypes/generation.py b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/prototypes/generation.py
index 4d34a96e70..42665a2661 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/prototypes/generation.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/prototypes/generation.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """
- This module contains functions that generate ctypes prototypes for the
- GDAL routines.
+This module contains functions that generate ctypes prototypes for the
+GDAL routines.
 """
 
 from ctypes import POINTER, c_bool, c_char_p, c_double, c_int, c_int64, c_void_p
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/srs.py b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/srs.py
index 0a8d95c1fc..8bf72ab63d 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/gdal/srs.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/gdal/srs.py
@@ -1,30 +1,30 @@
 """
-  The Spatial Reference class, represents OGR Spatial Reference objects.
+The Spatial Reference class, represents OGR Spatial Reference objects.
 
-  Example:
-  >>> from django.contrib.gis.gdal import SpatialReference
-  >>> srs = SpatialReference('WGS84')
-  >>> print(srs)
-  GEOGCS["WGS 84",
-      DATUM["WGS_1984",
-          SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,
-              AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],
-          TOWGS84[0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
-          AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],
-      PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
-          AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],
-      UNIT["degree",0.01745329251994328,
-          AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],
-      AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]]
-  >>> print(srs.proj)
-  +proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs
-  >>> print(srs.ellipsoid)
-  (6378137.0, 6356752.3142451793, 298.25722356300003)
-  >>> print(srs.projected, srs.geographic)
-  False True
-  >>> srs.import_epsg(32140)
-  >>> print(srs.name)
-  NAD83 / Texas South Central
+Example:
+>>> from django.contrib.gis.gdal import SpatialReference
+>>> srs = SpatialReference('WGS84')
+>>> print(srs)
+GEOGCS["WGS 84",
+    DATUM["WGS_1984",
+        SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,
+            AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],
+        TOWGS84[0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
+        AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],
+    PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
+        AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],
+    UNIT["degree",0.01745329251994328,
+        AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],
+    AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]]
+>>> print(srs.proj)
++proj=longlat +ellps=WGS84 +datum=WGS84 +no_defs
+>>> print(srs.ellipsoid)
+(6378137.0, 6356752.3142451793, 298.25722356300003)
+>>> print(srs.projected, srs.geographic)
+False True
+>>> srs.import_epsg(32140)
+>>> print(srs.name)
+NAD83 / Texas South Central
 """
 
 from ctypes import byref, c_char_p, c_int
@@ -345,6 +345,7 @@ class SpatialReference(GDALBase):
 
 class CoordTransform(GDALBase):
     "The coordinate system transformation object."
+
     destructor = capi.destroy_ct
 
     def __init__(self, source, target):
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/geos/collections.py b/django/contrib/gis/geos/collections.py
index 35262a5622..41a647f234 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/geos/collections.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/geos/collections.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """
- This module houses the Geometry Collection objects:
- GeometryCollection, MultiPoint, MultiLineString, and MultiPolygon
+This module houses the Geometry Collection objects:
+GeometryCollection, MultiPoint, MultiLineString, and MultiPolygon
 """
 
 from django.contrib.gis.geos import prototypes as capi
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/geos/coordseq.py b/django/contrib/gis/geos/coordseq.py
index 15400e08fe..484b53ab5f 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/geos/coordseq.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/geos/coordseq.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """
- This module houses the GEOSCoordSeq object, which is used internally
- by GEOSGeometry to house the actual coordinates of the Point,
- LineString, and LinearRing geometries.
+This module houses the GEOSCoordSeq object, which is used internally
+by GEOSGeometry to house the actual coordinates of the Point,
+LineString, and LinearRing geometries.
 """
 
 from ctypes import byref, c_byte, c_double, c_uint
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/geos/error.py b/django/contrib/gis/geos/error.py
index af2ac2fd42..970f42effb 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/geos/error.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/geos/error.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
 class GEOSException(Exception):
     "The base GEOS exception, indicates a GEOS-related error."
+
     pass
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/geos/geometry.py b/django/contrib/gis/geos/geometry.py
index 8bbe2c264a..42aee77f24 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/geos/geometry.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/geos/geometry.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """
- This module contains the 'base' GEOSGeometry object -- all GEOS Geometries
- inherit from this object.
+This module contains the 'base' GEOSGeometry object -- all GEOS Geometries
+inherit from this object.
 """
 
 import re
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/geos/libgeos.py b/django/contrib/gis/geos/libgeos.py
index b883c6c090..2707fef283 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/geos/libgeos.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/geos/libgeos.py
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 """
- This module houses the ctypes initialization procedures, as well
- as the notice and error handler function callbacks (get called
- when an error occurs in GEOS).
+This module houses the ctypes initialization procedures, as well
+as the notice and error handler function callbacks (get called
+when an error occurs in GEOS).
 
- This module also houses GEOS Pointer utilities, including
- get_pointer_arr(), and GEOM_PTR.
+This module also houses GEOS Pointer utilities, including
+get_pointer_arr(), and GEOM_PTR.
 """
 
 import logging
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/__init__.py b/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/__init__.py
index 3e980b9b89..d7132284b9 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/__init__.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/__init__.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 """
- This module contains all of the GEOS ctypes function prototypes. Each
- prototype handles the interaction between the GEOS library and Python
- via ctypes.
+This module contains all of the GEOS ctypes function prototypes. Each
+prototype handles the interaction between the GEOS library and Python
+via ctypes.
 """
 
 from django.contrib.gis.geos.prototypes.coordseq import (  # NOQA
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/coordseq.py b/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/coordseq.py
index ed05de99f4..cfc242c00d 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/coordseq.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/coordseq.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ def check_cs_get(result, func, cargs):
 # ## Coordinate sequence prototype factory classes. ##
 class CsInt(GEOSFuncFactory):
     "For coordinate sequence routines that return an integer."
+
     argtypes = [CS_PTR, POINTER(c_uint)]
     restype = c_int
     errcheck = staticmethod(check_cs_get)
@@ -30,6 +31,7 @@ class CsInt(GEOSFuncFactory):
 
 class CsOperation(GEOSFuncFactory):
     "For coordinate sequence operations."
+
     restype = c_int
 
     def __init__(self, *args, ordinate=False, get=False, **kwargs):
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/errcheck.py b/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/errcheck.py
index 42b24c2891..5ee43999fa 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/errcheck.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/errcheck.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 """
- Error checking functions for GEOS ctypes prototype functions.
+Error checking functions for GEOS ctypes prototype functions.
 """
 
 from ctypes import c_void_p, string_at
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/geom.py b/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/geom.py
index a456acd0c1..3996544033 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/geom.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/geom.py
@@ -25,12 +25,14 @@ class geos_char_p(c_char_p):
 # ### ctypes factory classes ###
 class GeomOutput(GEOSFuncFactory):
     "For GEOS routines that return a geometry."
+
     restype = GEOM_PTR
     errcheck = staticmethod(check_geom)
 
 
 class IntFromGeom(GEOSFuncFactory):
     "Argument is a geometry, return type is an integer."
+
     argtypes = [GEOM_PTR]
     restype = c_int
     errcheck = staticmethod(check_minus_one)
@@ -38,6 +40,7 @@ class IntFromGeom(GEOSFuncFactory):
 
 class StringFromGeom(GEOSFuncFactory):
     "Argument is a Geometry, return type is a string."
+
     argtypes = [GEOM_PTR]
     restype = geos_char_p
     errcheck = staticmethod(check_string)
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/misc.py b/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/misc.py
index bd5859e79b..a59186976b 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/misc.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/misc.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """
- This module is for the miscellaneous GEOS routines, particularly the
- ones that return the area, distance, and length.
+This module is for the miscellaneous GEOS routines, particularly the
+ones that return the area, distance, and length.
 """
 
 from ctypes import POINTER, c_double, c_int
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/predicates.py b/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/predicates.py
index dd07cbfb26..71cfd8d94b 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/predicates.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/predicates.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """
- This module houses the GEOS ctypes prototype functions for the
- unary and binary predicate operations on geometries.
+This module houses the GEOS ctypes prototype functions for the
+unary and binary predicate operations on geometries.
 """
 
 from ctypes import c_byte, c_char_p, c_double
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from django.contrib.gis.geos.prototypes.errcheck import check_predicate
 # ## Binary & unary predicate factories ##
 class UnaryPredicate(GEOSFuncFactory):
     "For GEOS unary predicate functions."
+
     argtypes = [GEOM_PTR]
     restype = c_byte
     errcheck = staticmethod(check_predicate)
@@ -19,6 +20,7 @@ class UnaryPredicate(GEOSFuncFactory):
 
 class BinaryPredicate(UnaryPredicate):
     "For GEOS binary predicate functions."
+
     argtypes = [GEOM_PTR, GEOM_PTR]
 
 
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/topology.py b/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/topology.py
index 9323bb2d16..541c954c02 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/topology.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/geos/prototypes/topology.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """
- This module houses the GEOS ctypes prototype functions for the
- topological operations on geometries.
+This module houses the GEOS ctypes prototype functions for the
+topological operations on geometries.
 """
 
 from ctypes import c_double, c_int
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ from django.contrib.gis.geos.prototypes.geom import geos_char_p
 
 class Topology(GEOSFuncFactory):
     "For GEOS unary topology functions."
+
     argtypes = [GEOM_PTR]
     restype = GEOM_PTR
     errcheck = staticmethod(check_geom)
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/utils/__init__.py b/django/contrib/gis/utils/__init__.py
index f42fa90226..92ff64dee7 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/utils/__init__.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/utils/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 """
- This module contains useful utilities for GeoDjango.
+This module contains useful utilities for GeoDjango.
 """
 
 from django.contrib.gis.utils.ogrinfo import ogrinfo
diff --git a/django/contrib/gis/utils/layermapping.py b/django/contrib/gis/utils/layermapping.py
index d1fe7c5721..137dd6b7f7 100644
--- a/django/contrib/gis/utils/layermapping.py
+++ b/django/contrib/gis/utils/layermapping.py
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 # LayerMapping -- A Django Model/OGR Layer Mapping Utility
 """
- The LayerMapping class provides a way to map the contents of OGR
- vector files (e.g. SHP files) to Geographic-enabled Django models.
+The LayerMapping class provides a way to map the contents of OGR
+vector files (e.g. SHP files) to Geographic-enabled Django models.
 
- For more information, please consult the GeoDjango documentation:
-   https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/contrib/gis/layermapping/
+For more information, please consult the GeoDjango documentation:
+  https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/contrib/gis/layermapping/
 """
 import sys
 from decimal import Decimal
diff --git a/django/core/cache/backends/base.py b/django/core/cache/backends/base.py
index 09b0a5f9c8..1111fdb41f 100644
--- a/django/core/cache/backends/base.py
+++ b/django/core/cache/backends/base.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 "Base Cache class."
+
 import time
 import warnings
 
diff --git a/django/core/cache/backends/db.py b/django/core/cache/backends/db.py
index f41105177f..2dd847c903 100644
--- a/django/core/cache/backends/db.py
+++ b/django/core/cache/backends/db.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 "Database cache backend."
+
 import base64
 import pickle
 from datetime import datetime, timezone
diff --git a/django/core/cache/backends/filebased.py b/django/core/cache/backends/filebased.py
index cbf47e4e16..862a8b57d9 100644
--- a/django/core/cache/backends/filebased.py
+++ b/django/core/cache/backends/filebased.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 "File-based cache backend"
+
 import glob
 import os
 import pickle
diff --git a/django/core/cache/backends/locmem.py b/django/core/cache/backends/locmem.py
index cbc8dba51e..b62fedbbd9 100644
--- a/django/core/cache/backends/locmem.py
+++ b/django/core/cache/backends/locmem.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 "Thread-safe in-memory cache backend."
+
 import pickle
 import time
 from collections import OrderedDict
diff --git a/django/forms/forms.py b/django/forms/forms.py
index 844f15f9f2..d05bf4bb9e 100644
--- a/django/forms/forms.py
+++ b/django/forms/forms.py
@@ -431,6 +431,7 @@ class BaseForm(RenderableFormMixin):
 
 class Form(BaseForm, metaclass=DeclarativeFieldsMetaclass):
     "A collection of Fields, plus their associated data."
+
     # This is a separate class from BaseForm in order to abstract the way
     # self.fields is specified. This class (Form) is the one that does the
     # fancy metaclass stuff purely for the semantic sugar -- it allows one
diff --git a/django/template/context.py b/django/template/context.py
index 90825fcdb5..bacce88173 100644
--- a/django/template/context.py
+++ b/django/template/context.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ _builtin_context_processors = ("django.template.context_processors.csrf",)
 
 class ContextPopException(Exception):
     "pop() has been called more times than push()"
+
     pass
 
 
diff --git a/tests/admin_views/models.py b/tests/admin_views/models.py
index 812505de82..a20130bb02 100644
--- a/tests/admin_views/models.py
+++ b/tests/admin_views/models.py
@@ -546,6 +546,7 @@ class SuperVillain(Villain):
 
 class FunkyTag(models.Model):
     "Because we all know there's only one real use case for GFKs."
+
     name = models.CharField(max_length=25)
     content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, models.CASCADE)
     object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField()
diff --git a/tests/admin_views/tests.py b/tests/admin_views/tests.py
index 2b14238f21..3be344f9e5 100644
--- a/tests/admin_views/tests.py
+++ b/tests/admin_views/tests.py
@@ -7159,7 +7159,7 @@ class ReadonlyTest(AdminFieldExtractionMixin, TestCase):
         url = reverse("admin:admin_views_pizza_change", args=(pizza.pk,))
         with self.settings(LANGUAGE_CODE="fr"):
             response = self.client.get(url)
-        self.assertContains(response, "<label>Toppings\u00A0:</label>", html=True)
+        self.assertContains(response, "<label>Toppings\u00a0:</label>", html=True)
 
 
 @override_settings(ROOT_URLCONF="admin_views.urls")
diff --git a/tests/auth_tests/test_validators.py b/tests/auth_tests/test_validators.py
index d6ee44511d..ea75c4a080 100644
--- a/tests/auth_tests/test_validators.py
+++ b/tests/auth_tests/test_validators.py
@@ -350,10 +350,10 @@ class UsernameValidatorsTests(SimpleTestCase):
         invalid_usernames = [
             "o'connell",
             "عبد ال",
-            "zerowidth\u200Bspace",
-            "nonbreaking\u00A0space",
+            "zerowidth\u200bspace",
+            "nonbreaking\u00a0space",
             "en\u2013dash",
-            "trailingnewline\u000A",
+            "trailingnewline\u000a",
         ]
         v = validators.UnicodeUsernameValidator()
         for valid in valid_usernames:
diff --git a/tests/backends/tests.py b/tests/backends/tests.py
index d0af6e49f0..b955e8aad4 100644
--- a/tests/backends/tests.py
+++ b/tests/backends/tests.py
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ class LastExecutedQueryTest(TestCase):
 
     def test_query_encoding(self):
         """last_executed_query() returns a string."""
-        data = RawData.objects.filter(raw_data=b"\x00\x46  \xFE").extra(
+        data = RawData.objects.filter(raw_data=b"\x00\x46  \xfe").extra(
             select={"föö": 1}
         )
         sql, params = data.query.sql_with_params()
diff --git a/tests/forms_tests/tests/test_utils.py b/tests/forms_tests/tests/test_utils.py
index a50f86c934..b8fbadc2b8 100644
--- a/tests/forms_tests/tests/test_utils.py
+++ b/tests/forms_tests/tests/test_utils.py
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ class FormsUtilsTestCase(SimpleTestCase):
         )
         # Can take a Unicode string.
         self.assertHTMLEqual(
-            str(ErrorList(ValidationError("Not \u03C0.").messages)),
+            str(ErrorList(ValidationError("Not \u03c0.").messages)),
             '<ul class="errorlist"><li>Not π.</li></ul>',
         )
         # Can take a lazy string.
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class FormsUtilsTestCase(SimpleTestCase):
                         ValidationError(
                             [
                                 "1. First error.",
-                                "2. Not \u03C0.",
+                                "2. Not \u03c0.",
                                 gettext_lazy("3. Error."),
                                 {
                                     "error_1": "4. First dict error.",
diff --git a/tests/gis_tests/distapp/models.py b/tests/gis_tests/distapp/models.py
index b7b60ebf38..ff0045b82e 100644
--- a/tests/gis_tests/distapp/models.py
+++ b/tests/gis_tests/distapp/models.py
@@ -15,17 +15,20 @@ class NamedModel(models.Model):
 
 class SouthTexasCity(NamedModel):
     "City model on projected coordinate system for South Texas."
+
     point = models.PointField(srid=32140)
     radius = models.IntegerField(default=10000)
 
 
 class SouthTexasCityFt(NamedModel):
     "Same City model as above, but U.S. survey feet are the units."
+
     point = models.PointField(srid=2278)
 
 
 class AustraliaCity(NamedModel):
     "City model for Australia, using WGS84."
+
     point = models.PointField()
     radius = models.IntegerField(default=10000)
     allowed_distance = models.FloatField(default=0.5)
@@ -34,19 +37,23 @@ class AustraliaCity(NamedModel):
 
 class CensusZipcode(NamedModel):
     "Model for a few South Texas ZIP codes (in original Census NAD83)."
+
     poly = models.PolygonField(srid=4269)
 
 
 class SouthTexasZipcode(NamedModel):
     "Model for a few South Texas ZIP codes."
+
     poly = models.PolygonField(srid=32140, null=gisfield_may_be_null)
 
 
 class Interstate(NamedModel):
     "Geodetic model for U.S. Interstates."
+
     path = models.LineStringField()
 
 
 class SouthTexasInterstate(NamedModel):
     "Projected model for South Texas Interstates."
+
     path = models.LineStringField(srid=32140)
diff --git a/tests/model_fields/test_binaryfield.py b/tests/model_fields/test_binaryfield.py
index 05ebce3aab..9d89fdff0b 100644
--- a/tests/model_fields/test_binaryfield.py
+++ b/tests/model_fields/test_binaryfield.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ from .models import DataModel
 
 
 class BinaryFieldTests(TestCase):
-    binary_data = b"\x00\x46\xFE"
+    binary_data = b"\x00\x46\xfe"
 
     def test_set_and_retrieve(self):
         data_set = (
diff --git a/tests/postgres_tests/test_constraints.py b/tests/postgres_tests/test_constraints.py
index ab5bf2bab1..2cc3de5f4d 100644
--- a/tests/postgres_tests/test_constraints.py
+++ b/tests/postgres_tests/test_constraints.py
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ class ExclusionConstraintTests(PostgreSQLTestCase):
 
     def test_invalid_expressions(self):
         msg = "The expressions must be a list of 2-tuples."
-        for expressions in (["foo"], [("foo")], [("foo_1", "foo_2", "foo_3")]):
+        for expressions in (["foo"], ["foo"], [("foo_1", "foo_2", "foo_3")]):
             with self.subTest(expressions), self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
                 ExclusionConstraint(
                     index_type="GIST",
diff --git a/tests/serializers/test_data.py b/tests/serializers/test_data.py
index bd81ce0c14..6a6de18033 100644
--- a/tests/serializers/test_data.py
+++ b/tests/serializers/test_data.py
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ uuid_obj = uuid.uuid4()
 
 test_data = [
     # Format: (test helper, PK value, Model Class, data)
-    (data_obj, 1, BinaryData, memoryview(b"\x05\xFD\x00")),
+    (data_obj, 1, BinaryData, memoryview(b"\x05\xfd\x00")),
     (data_obj, 5, BooleanData, True),
     (data_obj, 6, BooleanData, False),
     (data_obj, 7, BooleanData, None),
diff --git a/tests/serializers/test_xml.py b/tests/serializers/test_xml.py
index c9df2f2a5b..0ae66f77d0 100644
--- a/tests/serializers/test_xml.py
+++ b/tests/serializers/test_xml.py
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class XmlSerializerTestCase(SerializersTestBase, TestCase):
         msg = "Article.headline (pk:%s) contains unserializable characters" % self.a1.pk
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             serializers.serialize(self.serializer_name, [self.a1])
-        self.a1.headline = "HT \u0009, LF \u000A, and CR \u000D are allowed"
+        self.a1.headline = "HT \u0009, LF \u000a, and CR \u000d are allowed"
         self.assertIn(
             "HT \t, LF \n, and CR \r are allowed",
             serializers.serialize(self.serializer_name, [self.a1]),
diff --git a/tests/utils_tests/test_text.py b/tests/utils_tests/test_text.py
index ab2cfb3f7c..63c7889cbc 100644
--- a/tests/utils_tests/test_text.py
+++ b/tests/utils_tests/test_text.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ from django.utils.functional import lazystr
 from django.utils.text import format_lazy
 from django.utils.translation import gettext_lazy, override
 
-IS_WIDE_BUILD = len("\U0001F4A9") == 1
+IS_WIDE_BUILD = len("\U0001f4a9") == 1
 
 
 class TestUtilsText(SimpleTestCase):
@@ -76,16 +76,16 @@ class TestUtilsText(SimpleTestCase):
         # Ensure the final length is calculated correctly when there are
         # combining characters with no precomposed form, and that combining
         # characters are not split up.
-        truncator = text.Truncator("-B\u030AB\u030A----8")
-        self.assertEqual("-B\u030A…", truncator.chars(3))
-        self.assertEqual("-B\u030AB\u030A-…", truncator.chars(5))
-        self.assertEqual("-B\u030AB\u030A----8", truncator.chars(8))
+        truncator = text.Truncator("-B\u030aB\u030a----8")
+        self.assertEqual("-B\u030a…", truncator.chars(3))
+        self.assertEqual("-B\u030aB\u030a-…", truncator.chars(5))
+        self.assertEqual("-B\u030aB\u030a----8", truncator.chars(8))
 
         # Ensure the length of the end text is correctly calculated when it
         # contains combining characters with no precomposed form.
         truncator = text.Truncator("-----")
-        self.assertEqual("---B\u030A", truncator.chars(4, "B\u030A"))
-        self.assertEqual("-----", truncator.chars(5, "B\u030A"))
+        self.assertEqual("---B\u030a", truncator.chars(4, "B\u030a"))
+        self.assertEqual("-----", truncator.chars(5, "B\u030a"))
 
         # Make a best effort to shorten to the desired length, but requesting
         # a length shorter than the ellipsis shouldn't break