Fixed #4040 -- Changed uses of has_key() to "in". Slight performance

improvement and forward-compatible with future Python releases. Patch from Gary
Wilson.


git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/trunk@5091 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37

37 files changed, 112 insertions, 92 deletions

diff --git a/django/bin/profiling/gather_profile_stats.py b/django/bin/profiling/gather_profile_stats.py
index 852f16229d..c0844930e9 100644
--- a/django/bin/profiling/gather_profile_stats.py
+++ b/django/bin/profiling/gather_profile_stats.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def gather_stats(p):
         else:
             continue
         print "Processing %s" % f
-        if profiles.has_key(path):
+        if path in profiles:
             profiles[path].add(prof)
         else:
             profiles[path] = prof
diff --git a/django/contrib/admin/templatetags/admin_modify.py b/django/contrib/admin/templatetags/admin_modify.py
index e708b876bd..f9cad005d5 100644
--- a/django/contrib/admin/templatetags/admin_modify.py
+++ b/django/contrib/admin/templatetags/admin_modify.py
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ class FieldWidgetNode(template.Node):
         self.bound_field_var = bound_field_var
 
     def get_nodelist(cls, klass):
-        if not cls.nodelists.has_key(klass):
+        if klass not in cls.nodelists:
             try:
                 field_class_name = klass.__name__
                 template_name = "widget/%s.html" % class_name_to_underscored(field_class_name)
diff --git a/django/contrib/admin/views/auth.py b/django/contrib/admin/views/auth.py
index bea1f8533c..c6ad0c3a95 100644
--- a/django/contrib/admin/views/auth.py
+++ b/django/contrib/admin/views/auth.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ def user_add_stage(request):
         if not errors:
             new_user = manipulator.save(new_data)
             msg = _('The %(name)s "%(obj)s" was added successfully.') % {'name': 'user', 'obj': new_user}
-            if request.POST.has_key("_addanother"):
+            if "_addanother" in request.POST:
                 request.user.message_set.create(message=msg)
                 return HttpResponseRedirect(request.path)
             else:
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ def user_add_stage(request):
     return render_to_response('admin/auth/user/add_form.html', {
         'title': _('Add user'),
         'form': form,
-        'is_popup': request.REQUEST.has_key('_popup'),
+        'is_popup': '_popup' in request.REQUEST,
         'add': True,
         'change': False,
         'has_delete_permission': False,
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def user_change_password(request, id):
     return render_to_response('admin/auth/user/change_password.html', {
         'title': _('Change password: %s') % escape(user.username),
         'form': form,
-        'is_popup': request.REQUEST.has_key('_popup'),
+        'is_popup': '_popup' in request.REQUEST,
         'add': True,
         'change': False,
         'has_delete_permission': False,
diff --git a/django/contrib/admin/views/decorators.py b/django/contrib/admin/views/decorators.py
index bdd8257b2e..5389ca4dff 100644
--- a/django/contrib/admin/views/decorators.py
+++ b/django/contrib/admin/views/decorators.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ LOGIN_FORM_KEY = 'this_is_the_login_form'
 
 def _display_login_form(request, error_message=''):
     request.session.set_test_cookie()
-    if request.POST and request.POST.has_key('post_data'):
+    if request.POST and 'post_data' in request.POST:
         # User has failed login BUT has previously saved post data.
         post_data = request.POST['post_data']
     elif request.POST:
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def staff_member_required(view_func):
     def _checklogin(request, *args, **kwargs):
         if request.user.is_authenticated() and request.user.is_staff:
             # The user is valid. Continue to the admin page.
-            if request.POST.has_key('post_data'):
+            if 'post_data' in request.POST:
                 # User must have re-authenticated through a different window
                 # or tab.
                 request.POST = _decode_post_data(request.POST['post_data'])
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def staff_member_required(view_func):
         assert hasattr(request, 'session'), "The Django admin requires session middleware to be installed. Edit your MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES setting to insert 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware'."
 
         # If this isn't already the login page, display it.
-        if not request.POST.has_key(LOGIN_FORM_KEY):
+        if LOGIN_FORM_KEY not in request.POST:
             if request.POST:
                 message = _("Please log in again, because your session has expired. Don't worry: Your submission has been saved.")
             else:
@@ -90,9 +90,9 @@ def staff_member_required(view_func):
             if user.is_active and user.is_staff:
                 login(request, user)
                 # TODO: set last_login with an event.
-                if request.POST.has_key('post_data'):
+                if 'post_data' in request.POST:
                     post_data = _decode_post_data(request.POST['post_data'])
-                    if post_data and not post_data.has_key(LOGIN_FORM_KEY):
+                    if post_data and LOGIN_FORM_KEY not in post_data:
                         # overwrite request.POST with the saved post_data, and continue
                         request.POST = post_data
                         request.user = user
diff --git a/django/contrib/admin/views/main.py b/django/contrib/admin/views/main.py
index 0e962adf18..5edc1fc19d 100644
--- a/django/contrib/admin/views/main.py
+++ b/django/contrib/admin/views/main.py
@@ -257,17 +257,17 @@ def add_stage(request, app_label, model_name, show_delete=False, form_url='', po
             msg = _('The %(name)s "%(obj)s" was added successfully.') % {'name': opts.verbose_name, 'obj': new_object}
             # Here, we distinguish between different save types by checking for
             # the presence of keys in request.POST.
-            if request.POST.has_key("_continue"):
+            if "_continue" in request.POST:
                 request.user.message_set.create(message=msg + ' ' + _("You may edit it again below."))
-                if request.POST.has_key("_popup"):
+                if "_popup" in request.POST:
                     post_url_continue += "?_popup=1"
                 return HttpResponseRedirect(post_url_continue % pk_value)
-            if request.POST.has_key("_popup"):
+            if "_popup" in request.POST:
                 if type(pk_value) is str: # Quote if string, so JavaScript doesn't think it's a variable.
                     pk_value = '"%s"' % pk_value.replace('"', '\\"')
                 return HttpResponse('<script type="text/javascript">opener.dismissAddAnotherPopup(window, %s, "%s");</script>' % \
                     (pk_value, str(new_object).replace('"', '\\"')))
-            elif request.POST.has_key("_addanother"):
+            elif "_addanother" in request.POST:
                 request.user.message_set.create(message=msg + ' ' + (_("You may add another %s below.") % opts.verbose_name))
                 return HttpResponseRedirect(request.path)
             else:
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ def add_stage(request, app_label, model_name, show_delete=False, form_url='', po
     c = template.RequestContext(request, {
         'title': _('Add %s') % opts.verbose_name,
         'form': form,
-        'is_popup': request.REQUEST.has_key('_popup'),
+        'is_popup': '_popup' in request.REQUEST,
         'show_delete': show_delete,
     })
 
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ def change_stage(request, app_label, model_name, object_id):
     if not request.user.has_perm(app_label + '.' + opts.get_change_permission()):
         raise PermissionDenied
 
-    if request.POST and request.POST.has_key("_saveasnew"):
+    if request.POST and "_saveasnew" in request.POST:
         return add_stage(request, app_label, model_name, form_url='../../add/')
 
     try:
@@ -343,16 +343,16 @@ def change_stage(request, app_label, model_name, object_id):
             LogEntry.objects.log_action(request.user.id, ContentType.objects.get_for_model(model).id, pk_value, str(new_object), CHANGE, change_message)
 
             msg = _('The %(name)s "%(obj)s" was changed successfully.') % {'name': opts.verbose_name, 'obj': new_object}
-            if request.POST.has_key("_continue"):
+            if "_continue" in request.POST:
                 request.user.message_set.create(message=msg + ' ' + _("You may edit it again below."))
-                if request.REQUEST.has_key('_popup'):
+                if '_popup' in request.REQUEST:
                     return HttpResponseRedirect(request.path + "?_popup=1")
                 else:
                     return HttpResponseRedirect(request.path)
-            elif request.POST.has_key("_saveasnew"):
+            elif "_saveasnew" in request.POST:
                 request.user.message_set.create(message=_('The %(name)s "%(obj)s" was added successfully. You may edit it again below.') % {'name': opts.verbose_name, 'obj': new_object})
                 return HttpResponseRedirect("../%s/" % pk_value)
-            elif request.POST.has_key("_addanother"):
+            elif "_addanother" in request.POST:
                 request.user.message_set.create(message=msg + ' ' + (_("You may add another %s below.") % opts.verbose_name))
                 return HttpResponseRedirect("../add/")
             else:
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ def change_stage(request, app_label, model_name, object_id):
         'form': form,
         'object_id': object_id,
         'original': manipulator.original_object,
-        'is_popup': request.REQUEST.has_key('_popup'),
+        'is_popup': '_popup' in request.REQUEST,
     })
     return render_change_form(model, manipulator, c, change=True)
 change_stage = staff_member_required(never_cache(change_stage))
@@ -558,12 +558,12 @@ class ChangeList(object):
             self.page_num = int(request.GET.get(PAGE_VAR, 0))
         except ValueError:
             self.page_num = 0
-        self.show_all = request.GET.has_key(ALL_VAR)
-        self.is_popup = request.GET.has_key(IS_POPUP_VAR)
+        self.show_all = ALL_VAR in request.GET
+        self.is_popup = IS_POPUP_VAR in request.GET
         self.params = dict(request.GET.items())
-        if self.params.has_key(PAGE_VAR):
+        if PAGE_VAR in self.params:
             del self.params[PAGE_VAR]
-        if self.params.has_key(ERROR_FLAG):
+        if ERROR_FLAG in self.params:
             del self.params[ERROR_FLAG]
 
         self.order_field, self.order_type = self.get_ordering()
@@ -594,7 +594,7 @@ class ChangeList(object):
                 if k.startswith(r):
                     del p[k]
         for k, v in new_params.items():
-            if p.has_key(k) and v is None:
+            if k in p and v is None:
                 del p[k]
             elif v is not None:
                 p[k] = v
@@ -656,7 +656,7 @@ class ChangeList(object):
             order_field, order_type = ordering[0][1:], 'desc'
         else:
             order_field, order_type = ordering[0], 'asc'
-        if params.has_key(ORDER_VAR):
+        if ORDER_VAR in params:
             try:
                 field_name = lookup_opts.admin.list_display[int(params[ORDER_VAR])]
                 try:
@@ -674,7 +674,7 @@ class ChangeList(object):
                         order_field = f.name
             except (IndexError, ValueError):
                 pass # Invalid ordering specified. Just use the default.
-        if params.has_key(ORDER_TYPE_VAR) and params[ORDER_TYPE_VAR] in ('asc', 'desc'):
+        if ORDER_TYPE_VAR in params and params[ORDER_TYPE_VAR] in ('asc', 'desc'):
             order_type = params[ORDER_TYPE_VAR]
         return order_field, order_type
 
@@ -682,7 +682,7 @@ class ChangeList(object):
         qs = self.manager.get_query_set()
         lookup_params = self.params.copy() # a dictionary of the query string
         for i in (ALL_VAR, ORDER_VAR, ORDER_TYPE_VAR, SEARCH_VAR, IS_POPUP_VAR):
-            if lookup_params.has_key(i):
+            if i in lookup_params:
                 del lookup_params[i]
 
         # Apply lookup parameters from the query string.
diff --git a/django/contrib/comments/templatetags/comments.py b/django/contrib/comments/templatetags/comments.py
index 80d4bf24ab..5c02c16f95 100644
--- a/django/contrib/comments/templatetags/comments.py
+++ b/django/contrib/comments/templatetags/comments.py
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class CommentListNode(template.Node):
         comment_list = get_list_function(**kwargs).order_by(self.ordering + 'submit_date').select_related()
 
         if not self.free:
-            if context.has_key('user') and context['user'].is_authenticated():
+            if 'user' in context and context['user'].is_authenticated():
                 user_id = context['user'].id
                 context['user_can_moderate_comments'] = Comment.objects.user_is_moderator(context['user'])
             else:
diff --git a/django/contrib/comments/views/comments.py b/django/contrib/comments/views/comments.py
index 12330afe41..73a9b2c480 100644
--- a/django/contrib/comments/views/comments.py
+++ b/django/contrib/comments/views/comments.py
@@ -217,10 +217,10 @@ def post_comment(request):
     errors = manipulator.get_validation_errors(new_data)
     # If user gave correct username/password and wasn't already logged in, log them in
     # so they don't have to enter a username/password again.
-    if manipulator.get_user() and not manipulator.get_user().is_authenticated() and new_data.has_key('password') and manipulator.get_user().check_password(new_data['password']):
+    if manipulator.get_user() and not manipulator.get_user().is_authenticated() and 'password' in new_data and manipulator.get_user().check_password(new_data['password']):
         from django.contrib.auth import login
         login(request, manipulator.get_user())
-    if errors or request.POST.has_key('preview'):
+    if errors or 'preview' in request.POST:
         class CommentFormWrapper(oldforms.FormWrapper):
             def __init__(self, manipulator, new_data, errors, rating_choices):
                 oldforms.FormWrapper.__init__(self, manipulator, new_data, errors)
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ def post_comment(request):
             'rating_range': rating_range,
             'rating_choices': rating_choices,
         }, context_instance=RequestContext(request))
-    elif request.POST.has_key('post'):
+    elif 'post' in request.POST:
         # If the IP is banned, mail the admins, do NOT save the comment, and
         # serve up the "Thanks for posting" page as if the comment WAS posted.
         if request.META['REMOTE_ADDR'] in settings.BANNED_IPS:
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ def post_free_comment(request):
     new_data['is_public'] = IS_PUBLIC in option_list
     manipulator = PublicFreeCommentManipulator()
     errors = manipulator.get_validation_errors(new_data)
-    if errors or request.POST.has_key('preview'):
+    if errors or 'preview' in request.POST:
         comment = errors and '' or manipulator.get_comment(new_data)
         return render_to_response('comments/free_preview.html', {
             'comment': comment,
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ def post_free_comment(request):
             'target': target,
             'hash': security_hash,
         }, context_instance=RequestContext(request))
-    elif request.POST.has_key('post'):
+    elif 'post' in request.POST:
         # If the IP is banned, mail the admins, do NOT save the comment, and
         # serve up the "Thanks for posting" page as if the comment WAS posted.
         if request.META['REMOTE_ADDR'] in settings.BANNED_IPS:
@@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ def comment_was_posted(request):
             The object the comment was posted on
     """
     obj = None
-    if request.GET.has_key('c'):
+    if 'c' in request.GET:
         content_type_id, object_id = request.GET['c'].split(':')
         try:
             content_type = ContentType.objects.get(pk=content_type_id)
diff --git a/django/contrib/sitemaps/views.py b/django/contrib/sitemaps/views.py
index 576e3d0bb8..d615c8e661 100644
--- a/django/contrib/sitemaps/views.py
+++ b/django/contrib/sitemaps/views.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ def index(request, sitemaps):
 def sitemap(request, sitemaps, section=None):
     maps, urls = [], []
     if section is not None:
-        if not sitemaps.has_key(section):
+        if section not in sitemaps:
             raise Http404("No sitemap available for section: %r" % section)
         maps.append(sitemaps[section])
     else:
diff --git a/django/core/cache/backends/simple.py b/django/core/cache/backends/simple.py
index 175944a75a..3fcad8c7ad 100644
--- a/django/core/cache/backends/simple.py
+++ b/django/core/cache/backends/simple.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class CacheClass(BaseCache):
             pass
 
     def has_key(self, key):
-        return self._cache.has_key(key)
+        return key in self._cache
 
     def _cull(self):
         if self._cull_frequency == 0:
diff --git a/django/core/handlers/modpython.py b/django/core/handlers/modpython.py
index 5fc41a048b..6370cab47c 100644
--- a/django/core/handlers/modpython.py
+++ b/django/core/handlers/modpython.py
@@ -42,11 +42,11 @@ class ModPythonRequest(http.HttpRequest):
 
     def is_secure(self):
         # Note: modpython 3.2.10+ has req.is_https(), but we need to support previous versions
-        return self._req.subprocess_env.has_key('HTTPS') and self._req.subprocess_env['HTTPS'] == 'on'
+        return 'HTTPS' in self._req.subprocess_env and self._req.subprocess_env['HTTPS'] == 'on'
 
     def _load_post_and_files(self):
         "Populates self._post and self._files"
-        if self._req.headers_in.has_key('content-type') and self._req.headers_in['content-type'].startswith('multipart'):
+        if 'content-type' in self._req.headers_in and self._req.headers_in['content-type'].startswith('multipart'):
             self._post, self._files = http.parse_file_upload(self._req.headers_in, self.raw_post_data)
         else:
             self._post, self._files = http.QueryDict(self.raw_post_data), datastructures.MultiValueDict()
diff --git a/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py b/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py
index 71cfecd9a0..4320b69627 100644
--- a/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py
+++ b/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ class WSGIRequest(http.HttpRequest):
         return '%s%s' % (self.path, self.environ.get('QUERY_STRING', '') and ('?' + self.environ.get('QUERY_STRING', '')) or '')
 
     def is_secure(self):
-        return self.environ.has_key('HTTPS') and self.environ['HTTPS'] == 'on'
+        return 'HTTPS' in self.environ and self.environ['HTTPS'] == 'on'
 
     def _load_post_and_files(self):
         # Populates self._post and self._files
diff --git a/django/core/management.py b/django/core/management.py
index 1e4f33c2dd..0f8de891a1 100644
--- a/django/core/management.py
+++ b/django/core/management.py
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ def get_sql_delete(app):
             # Drop the table now
             output.append('%s %s;' % (style.SQL_KEYWORD('DROP TABLE'),
                 style.SQL_TABLE(backend.quote_name(model._meta.db_table))))
-            if backend.supports_constraints and references_to_delete.has_key(model):
+            if backend.supports_constraints and model in references_to_delete:
                 for rel_class, f in references_to_delete[model]:
                     table = rel_class._meta.db_table
                     col = f.column
@@ -843,7 +843,7 @@ def inspectdb():
                 att_name += '_field'
                 comment_notes.append('Field renamed because it was a Python reserved word.')
 
-            if relations.has_key(i):
+            if i in relations:
                 rel_to = relations[i][1] == table_name and "'self'" or table2model(relations[i][1])
                 field_type = 'ForeignKey(%s' % rel_to
                 if att_name.endswith('_id'):
@@ -1550,7 +1550,7 @@ def execute_from_command_line(action_mapping=DEFAULT_ACTION_MAPPING, argv=None):
         action = args[0]
     except IndexError:
         parser.print_usage_and_exit()
-    if not action_mapping.has_key(action):
+    if action not in action_mapping:
         print_error("Your action, %r, was invalid." % action, argv[0])
 
     # Switch to English, because django-admin.py creates database content
diff --git a/django/core/servers/basehttp.py b/django/core/servers/basehttp.py
index a16b8b675a..80a0bf6a91 100644
--- a/django/core/servers/basehttp.py
+++ b/django/core/servers/basehttp.py
@@ -208,15 +208,15 @@ def guess_scheme(environ):
     else:
         return 'http'
 
-_hoppish = {
+_hop_headers = {
     'connection':1, 'keep-alive':1, 'proxy-authenticate':1,
     'proxy-authorization':1, 'te':1, 'trailers':1, 'transfer-encoding':1,
     'upgrade':1
-}.has_key
+}
 
 def is_hop_by_hop(header_name):
     """Return true if 'header_name' is an HTTP/1.1 "Hop-by-Hop" header"""
-    return _hoppish(header_name.lower())
+    return header_name.lower() in _hop_headers
 
 class ServerHandler(object):
     """Manage the invocation of a WSGI application"""
@@ -334,7 +334,7 @@ class ServerHandler(object):
 
         Subclasses can extend this to add other defaults.
         """
-        if not self.headers.has_key('Content-Length'):
+        if 'Content-Length' not in self.headers:
             self.set_content_length()
 
     def start_response(self, status, headers,exc_info=None):
@@ -368,11 +368,11 @@ class ServerHandler(object):
         if self.origin_server:
             if self.client_is_modern():
                 self._write('HTTP/%s %s\r\n' % (self.http_version,self.status))
-                if not self.headers.has_key('Date'):
+                if 'Date' not in self.headers:
                     self._write(
                         'Date: %s\r\n' % time.asctime(time.gmtime(time.time()))
                     )
-                if self.server_software and not self.headers.has_key('Server'):
+                if self.server_software and 'Server' not in self.headers:
                     self._write('Server: %s\r\n' % self.server_software)
         else:
             self._write('Status: %s\r\n' % self.status)
diff --git a/django/core/validators.py b/django/core/validators.py
index bd7d790e04..26165c4af1 100644
--- a/django/core/validators.py
+++ b/django/core/validators.py
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ class ValidateIfOtherFieldEquals(object):
         self.always_test = True
 
     def __call__(self, field_data, all_data):
-        if all_data.has_key(self.other_field) and all_data[self.other_field] == self.other_value:
+        if self.other_field in all_data and all_data[self.other_field] == self.other_value:
             for v in self.validator_list:
                 v(field_data, all_data)
 
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ class RequiredIfOtherFieldEquals(object):
         self.always_test = True
 
     def __call__(self, field_data, all_data):
-        if all_data.has_key(self.other_field) and all_data[self.other_field] == self.other_value and not field_data:
+        if self.other_field in all_data and all_data[self.other_field] == self.other_value and not field_data:
             raise ValidationError(self.error_message)
 
 class RequiredIfOtherFieldDoesNotEqual(object):
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ class RequiredIfOtherFieldDoesNotEqual(object):
         self.always_test = True
 
     def __call__(self, field_data, all_data):
-        if all_data.has_key(self.other_field) and all_data[self.other_field] != self.other_value and not field_data:
+        if self.other_field in all_data and all_data[self.other_field] != self.other_value and not field_data:
             raise ValidationError(self.error_message)
 
 class IsLessThanOtherField(object):
diff --git a/django/db/backends/mysql_old/base.py b/django/db/backends/mysql_old/base.py
index 01eff22641..d56b8513f9 100644
--- a/django/db/backends/mysql_old/base.py
+++ b/django/db/backends/mysql_old/base.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class MysqlDebugWrapper:
             raise Database.Warning, "%s: %s" % (w, self.cursor.fetchall())
 
     def __getattr__(self, attr):
-        if self.__dict__.has_key(attr):
+        if attr in self.__dict__:
             return self.__dict__[attr]
         else:
             return getattr(self.cursor, attr)
diff --git a/django/db/backends/postgresql/base.py b/django/db/backends/postgresql/base.py
index bb52711191..dc0fbe3ab9 100644
--- a/django/db/backends/postgresql/base.py
+++ b/django/db/backends/postgresql/base.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ class UnicodeCursorWrapper(object):
         return self.cursor.executemany(sql, new_param_list)
 
     def __getattr__(self, attr):
-        if self.__dict__.has_key(attr):
+        if attr in self.__dict__:
             return self.__dict__[attr]
         else:
             return getattr(self.cursor, attr)
diff --git a/django/db/backends/util.py b/django/db/backends/util.py
index d8f86fef4f..d14a337ca2 100644
--- a/django/db/backends/util.py
+++ b/django/db/backends/util.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class CursorDebugWrapper(object):
             })
 
     def __getattr__(self, attr):
-        if self.__dict__.has_key(attr):
+        if attr in self.__dict__:
             return self.__dict__[attr]
         else:
             return getattr(self.cursor, attr)
diff --git a/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py b/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py
index 466897ad86..91629cd679 100644
--- a/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py
+++ b/django/db/models/fields/__init__.py
@@ -779,7 +779,7 @@ class SlugField(Field):
         kwargs['maxlength'] = kwargs.get('maxlength', 50)
         kwargs.setdefault('validator_list', []).append(validators.isSlug)
         # Set db_index=True unless it's been set manually.
-        if not kwargs.has_key('db_index'):
+        if 'db_index' not in kwargs:
             kwargs['db_index'] = True
         Field.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
 
diff --git a/django/db/models/fields/generic.py b/django/db/models/fields/generic.py
index 480ee689c9..f995ab2044 100644
--- a/django/db/models/fields/generic.py
+++ b/django/db/models/fields/generic.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ class GenericForeignKey(object):
     def instance_pre_init(self, signal, sender, args, kwargs):
         # Handle initalizing an object with the generic FK instaed of 
         # content-type/object-id fields.        
-        if kwargs.has_key(self.name):
+        if self.name in kwargs:
             value = kwargs.pop(self.name)
             kwargs[self.ct_field] = self.get_content_type(value)
             kwargs[self.fk_field] = value._get_pk_val()
diff --git a/django/db/models/fields/related.py b/django/db/models/fields/related.py
index fad9c164c1..e8152f32e7 100644
--- a/django/db/models/fields/related.py
+++ b/django/db/models/fields/related.py
@@ -474,7 +474,7 @@ class ForeignKey(RelatedField, Field):
             to_field = to_field or to._meta.pk.name
         kwargs['verbose_name'] = kwargs.get('verbose_name', '')
 
-        if kwargs.has_key('edit_inline_type'):
+        if 'edit_inline_type' in kwargs:
             import warnings
             warnings.warn("edit_inline_type is deprecated. Use edit_inline instead.")
             kwargs['edit_inline'] = kwargs.pop('edit_inline_type')
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@ class OneToOneField(RelatedField, IntegerField):
             to_field = to_field or to._meta.pk.name
         kwargs['verbose_name'] = kwargs.get('verbose_name', '')
 
-        if kwargs.has_key('edit_inline_type'):
+        if 'edit_inline_type' in kwargs:
             import warnings
             warnings.warn("edit_inline_type is deprecated. Use edit_inline instead.")
             kwargs['edit_inline'] = kwargs.pop('edit_inline_type')
diff --git a/django/db/models/loading.py b/django/db/models/loading.py
index f4aff2438b..224f5e8451 100644
--- a/django/db/models/loading.py
+++ b/django/db/models/loading.py
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ def register_models(app_label, *models):
         # in the _app_models dictionary
         model_name = model._meta.object_name.lower()
         model_dict = _app_models.setdefault(app_label, {})
-        if model_dict.has_key(model_name):
+        if model_name in model_dict:
             # The same model may be imported via different paths (e.g.
             # appname.models and project.appname.models). We use the source
             # filename as a means to detect identity.
diff --git a/django/db/models/options.py b/django/db/models/options.py
index 51cf0a019b..dd6c586ddd 100644
--- a/django/db/models/options.py
+++ b/django/db/models/options.py
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ class Options(object):
     def get_follow(self, override=None):
         follow = {}
         for f in self.fields + self.many_to_many + self.get_all_related_objects():
-            if override and override.has_key(f.name):
+            if override and f.name in override:
                 child_override = override[f.name]
             else:
                 child_override = None
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ class Options(object):
         # TODO: follow
         if not hasattr(self, '_field_types'):
             self._field_types = {}
-        if not self._field_types.has_key(field_type):
+        if field_type not in self._field_types:
             try:
                 # First check self.fields.
                 for f in self.fields:
diff --git a/django/db/transaction.py b/django/db/transaction.py
index 4a0658e1c3..bb90713525 100644
--- a/django/db/transaction.py
+++ b/django/db/transaction.py
@@ -46,12 +46,12 @@ def enter_transaction_management():
     when no current block is running).
     """
     thread_ident = thread.get_ident()
-    if state.has_key(thread_ident) and state[thread_ident]:
+    if thread_ident in state and state[thread_ident]:
         state[thread_ident].append(state[thread_ident][-1])
     else:
         state[thread_ident] = []
         state[thread_ident].append(settings.TRANSACTIONS_MANAGED)
-    if not dirty.has_key(thread_ident):
+    if thread_ident not in dirty:
         dirty[thread_ident] = False
 
 def leave_transaction_management():
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def leave_transaction_management():
     those from outside. (Commits are on connection level.)
     """
     thread_ident = thread.get_ident()
-    if state.has_key(thread_ident) and state[thread_ident]:
+    if thread_ident in state and state[thread_ident]:
         del state[thread_ident][-1]
     else:
         raise TransactionManagementError("This code isn't under transaction management")
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ def set_dirty():
     changes waiting for commit.
     """
     thread_ident = thread.get_ident()
-    if dirty.has_key(thread_ident):
+    if thread_ident in dirty:
         dirty[thread_ident] = True
     else:
         raise TransactionManagementError("This code isn't under transaction management")
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ def set_clean():
     should happen.
     """
     thread_ident = thread.get_ident()
-    if dirty.has_key(thread_ident):
+    if thread_ident in dirty:
         dirty[thread_ident] = False
     else:
         raise TransactionManagementError("This code isn't under transaction management")
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ def is_managed():
     Checks whether the transaction manager is in manual or in auto state.
     """
     thread_ident = thread.get_ident()
-    if state.has_key(thread_ident):
+    if thread_ident in state:
         if state[thread_ident]:
             return state[thread_ident][-1]
     return settings.TRANSACTIONS_MANAGED
diff --git a/django/http/__init__.py b/django/http/__init__.py
index ed2c128a16..a0c51ff0da 100644
--- a/django/http/__init__.py
+++ b/django/http/__init__.py
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@ class HttpRequest(object):
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         for d in (self.POST, self.GET):
-            if d.has_key(key):
+            if key in d:
                 return d[key]
         raise KeyError, "%s not found in either POST or GET" % key
 
     def has_key(self, key):
-        return self.GET.has_key(key) or self.POST.has_key(key)
+        return key in self.GET or key in self.POST
 
     def get_full_path(self):
         return ''
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def parse_file_upload(header_dict, post_data):
             # name_dict is something like {'name': 'file', 'filename': 'test.txt'} for file uploads
             # or {'name': 'blah'} for POST fields
             # We assume all uploaded files have a 'filename' set.
-            if name_dict.has_key('filename'):
+            if 'filename' in name_dict:
                 assert type([]) != type(submessage.get_payload()), "Nested MIME messages are not supported"
                 if not name_dict['filename'].strip():
                     continue
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def parse_file_upload(header_dict, post_data):
                 filename = name_dict['filename'][name_dict['filename'].rfind("\\")+1:]
                 FILES.appendlist(name_dict['name'], {
                     'filename': filename,
-                    'content-type': (submessage.has_key('Content-Type') and submessage['Content-Type'] or None),
+                    'content-type': 'Content-Type' in submessage and submessage['Content-Type'] or None,
                     'content': submessage.get_payload(),
                 })
             else:
diff --git a/django/middleware/common.py b/django/middleware/common.py
index 9891b1efad..2c72c9a583 100644
--- a/django/middleware/common.py
+++ b/django/middleware/common.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class CommonMiddleware(object):
         """
 
         # Check for denied User-Agents
-        if request.META.has_key('HTTP_USER_AGENT'):
+        if 'HTTP_USER_AGENT' in request.META:
             for user_agent_regex in settings.DISALLOWED_USER_AGENTS:
                 if user_agent_regex.search(request.META['HTTP_USER_AGENT']):
                     return http.HttpResponseForbidden('<h1>Forbidden</h1>')
diff --git a/django/newforms/forms.py b/django/newforms/forms.py
index 1f37da91ff..3df7a9e834 100644
--- a/django/newforms/forms.py
+++ b/django/newforms/forms.py
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ class BoundField(StrAndUnicode):
     def as_widget(self, widget, attrs=None):
         attrs = attrs or {}
         auto_id = self.auto_id
-        if auto_id and not attrs.has_key('id') and not widget.attrs.has_key('id'):
+        if auto_id and 'id' not in attrs and 'id' not in widget.attrs:
             attrs['id'] = auto_id
         if not self.form.is_bound:
             data = self.form.initial.get(self.name, self.field.initial)
diff --git a/django/newforms/widgets.py b/django/newforms/widgets.py
index 5f1a130459..dd71ebc455 100644
--- a/django/newforms/widgets.py
+++ b/django/newforms/widgets.py
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ class RadioInput(StrAndUnicode):
         return self.value == self.choice_value
 
     def tag(self):
-        if self.attrs.has_key('id'):
+        if 'id' in self.attrs:
             self.attrs['id'] = '%s_%s' % (self.attrs['id'], self.index)
         final_attrs = dict(self.attrs, type='radio', name=self.name, value=self.choice_value)
         if self.is_checked():
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ class RadioSelect(Select):
 class CheckboxSelectMultiple(SelectMultiple):
     def render(self, name, value, attrs=None, choices=()):
         if value is None: value = []
-        has_id = attrs and attrs.has_key('id')
+        has_id = attrs and 'id' in attrs
         final_attrs = self.build_attrs(attrs, name=name)
         output = [u'<ul>']
         str_values = set([smart_unicode(v) for v in value]) # Normalize to strings.
diff --git a/django/oldforms/__init__.py b/django/oldforms/__init__.py
index 873bd0204a..0a4676ee8f 100644
--- a/django/oldforms/__init__.py
+++ b/django/oldforms/__init__.py
@@ -329,7 +329,7 @@ class FormField(object):
 
     def convert_post_data(self, new_data):
         name = self.get_member_name()
-        if new_data.has_key(self.field_name):
+        if self.field_name in new_data:
             d = new_data.getlist(self.field_name)
             try:
                 converted_data = [self.__class__.html2python(data) for data in d]
diff --git a/django/template/__init__.py b/django/template/__init__.py
index a32b3f5a0b..a592765db6 100644
--- a/django/template/__init__.py
+++ b/django/template/__init__.py
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ class Parser(object):
         return FilterExpression(token, self)
 
     def find_filter(self, filter_name):
-        if self.filters.has_key(filter_name):
+        if filter_name in self.filters:
             return self.filters[filter_name]
         else:
             raise TemplateSyntaxError, "Invalid filter: '%s'" % filter_name
diff --git a/django/template/context.py b/django/template/context.py
index 25397b0e1a..59650b05fe 100644
--- a/django/template/context.py
+++ b/django/template/context.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class Context(object):
     def __getitem__(self, key):
         "Get a variable's value, starting at the current context and going upward"
         for d in self.dicts:
-            if d.has_key(key):
+            if key in d:
                 return d[key]
         raise KeyError(key)
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ class Context(object):
 
     def has_key(self, key):
         for d in self.dicts:
-            if d.has_key(key):
+            if key in d:
                 return True
         return False
 
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class Context(object):
 
     def get(self, key, otherwise=None):
         for d in self.dicts:
-            if d.has_key(key):
+            if key in d:
                 return d[key]
         return otherwise
 
diff --git a/django/template/defaulttags.py b/django/template/defaulttags.py
index 2deae6d403..1ebb01442e 100644
--- a/django/template/defaulttags.py
+++ b/django/template/defaulttags.py
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class ForNode(Node):
 
     def render(self, context):
         nodelist = NodeList()
-        if context.has_key('forloop'):
+        if 'forloop' in context:
             parentloop = context['forloop']
         else:
             parentloop = {}
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ class IfChangedNode(Node):
         self._varlist = varlist
 
     def render(self, context):
-        if context.has_key('forloop') and context['forloop']['first']:
+        if 'forloop' in context and context['forloop']['first']:
             self._last_seen = None
         try:
             if self._varlist:
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ def cycle(parser, token):
         name = args[1]
         if not hasattr(parser, '_namedCycleNodes'):
             raise TemplateSyntaxError("No named cycles in template: '%s' is not defined" % name)
-        if not parser._namedCycleNodes.has_key(name):
+        if name not in parser._namedCycleNodes:
             raise TemplateSyntaxError("Named cycle '%s' does not exist" % name)
         return parser._namedCycleNodes[name]
 
@@ -911,7 +911,7 @@ def templatetag(parser, token):
     if len(bits) != 2:
         raise TemplateSyntaxError, "'templatetag' statement takes one argument"
     tag = bits[1]
-    if not TemplateTagNode.mapping.has_key(tag):
+    if tag not in TemplateTagNode.mapping:
         raise TemplateSyntaxError, "Invalid templatetag argument: '%s'. Must be one of: %s" % \
             (tag, TemplateTagNode.mapping.keys())
     return TemplateTagNode(tag)
diff --git a/django/utils/datastructures.py b/django/utils/datastructures.py
index cca30b462d..60bc0051a2 100644
--- a/django/utils/datastructures.py
+++ b/django/utils/datastructures.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class MergeDict(object):
 
     def has_key(self, key):
         for dict in self.dicts:
-            if dict.has_key(key):
+            if key in dict:
                 return True
         return False
 
diff --git a/django/utils/functional.py b/django/utils/functional.py
index e3c0a3c76b..0c31c1f375 100644
--- a/django/utils/functional.py
+++ b/django/utils/functional.py
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ def lazy(func, *resultclasses):
                 res = self.__func(*self.__args, **self.__kw)
                 return self.__dispatch[type(res)][funcname](res, *args, **kw)
 
-            if not self.__dispatch.has_key(klass):
+            if klass not in self.__dispatch:
                 self.__dispatch[klass] = {}
             self.__dispatch[klass][funcname] = func
             return __wrapper__
diff --git a/django/utils/translation/trans_real.py b/django/utils/translation/trans_real.py
index 0c8dcd540f..293b4ef9cd 100644
--- a/django/utils/translation/trans_real.py
+++ b/django/utils/translation/trans_real.py
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ def deactivate():
     will resolve against the default translation object, again.
     """
     global _active
-    if _active.has_key(currentThread()):
+    if currentThread() in _active:
         del _active[currentThread()]
 
 def get_language():
diff --git a/django/views/i18n.py b/django/views/i18n.py
index 0a19cfe986..0fec6b6c6f 100644
--- a/django/views/i18n.py
+++ b/django/views/i18n.py
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ def javascript_catalog(request, domain='djangojs', packages=None):
     deliver your JavaScript source from Django templates.
     """
     if request.GET:
-        if request.GET.has_key('language'):
+        if 'language' in request.GET:
             if check_for_language(request.GET['language']):
                 activate(request.GET['language'])
     if packages is None:
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ def javascript_catalog(request, domain='djangojs', packages=None):
                 t.update(catalog._catalog)
     src = [LibHead]
     plural = None
-    if t.has_key(''):
+    if '' in t:
         for l in t[''].split('\n'):
             if l.startswith('Plural-Forms:'):
                 plural = l.split(':',1)[1].strip()
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ def javascript_catalog(request, domain='djangojs', packages=None):
         if type(k) in (str, unicode):
             csrc.append("catalog['%s'] = '%s';\n" % (javascript_quote(k), javascript_quote(v)))
         elif type(k) == tuple:
-            if not pdict.has_key(k[0]):
+            if k[0] not in pdict:
                 pdict[k[0]] = k[1]
             else:
                 pdict[k[0]] = max(k[1], pdict[k[0]])
diff --git a/tests/regressiontests/dispatch/tests/test_saferef.py b/tests/regressiontests/dispatch/tests/test_saferef.py
index 233a2023e0..c0ec879a4b 100644
--- a/tests/regressiontests/dispatch/tests/test_saferef.py
+++ b/tests/regressiontests/dispatch/tests/test_saferef.py
@@ -55,8 +55,10 @@ class Tester(unittest.TestCase):
         for t in self.ts:
             if hasattr(t, 'x'):
                 self.assert_(sd.has_key(safeRef(t.x)))
+                self.assert_(safeRef(t.x) in sd)
             else:
                 self.assert_(sd.has_key(safeRef(t)))
+                self.assert_(safeRef(t) in sd)
     
     def testRepresentation (self):
         """Test that the reference object's representation works
diff --git a/tests/regressiontests/httpwrappers/tests.py b/tests/regressiontests/httpwrappers/tests.py
index 385c3048d9..29cb8385e0 100644
--- a/tests/regressiontests/httpwrappers/tests.py
+++ b/tests/regressiontests/httpwrappers/tests.py
@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
 >>> q.has_key('foo')
 False
 
+>>> 'foo' in q
+False
+
 >>> q.items()
 []
 
@@ -124,6 +127,9 @@ MultiValueDictKeyError: "Key 'foo' not found in <MultiValueDict: {}>"
 >>> q.has_key('foo')
 True
 
+>>> 'foo' in q
+True
+
 >>> q.items()
 [('foo', 'another'), ('name', 'john')]
 
@@ -218,9 +224,15 @@ AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
 >>> q.has_key('foo')
 True
 
+>>> 'foo' in q
+True
+
 >>> q.has_key('bar')
 False
 
+>>> 'bar' in q
+False
+
 >>> q.items()
 [('foo', 'bar')]
 
@@ -303,9 +315,15 @@ AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
 >>> q.has_key('vote')
 True
 
+>>> 'vote' in q
+True
+
 >>> q.has_key('foo')
 False
 
+>>> 'foo' in q
+False
+
 >>> q.items()
 [('vote', 'no')]