1 files changed, 47 insertions, 37 deletions
diff --git a/tests/db_functions/text/test_concat.py b/tests/db_functions/text/test_concat.py
index 9850b2fd0d..5932a9bed0 100644
--- a/tests/db_functions/text/test_concat.py
+++ b/tests/db_functions/text/test_concat.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 from unittest import skipUnless
 
 from django.db import connection
-from django.db.models import CharField, TextField, Value as V
+from django.db.models import CharField, TextField
+from django.db.models import Value as V
 from django.db.models.functions import Concat, ConcatPair, Upper
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.utils import timezone
@@ -14,68 +15,77 @@ lorem_ipsum = """
 
 
 class ConcatTests(TestCase):
-
     def test_basic(self):
-        Author.objects.create(name='Jayden')
-        Author.objects.create(name='John Smith', alias='smithj', goes_by='John')
-        Author.objects.create(name='Margaret', goes_by='Maggie')
-        Author.objects.create(name='Rhonda', alias='adnohR')
-        authors = Author.objects.annotate(joined=Concat('alias', 'goes_by'))
+        Author.objects.create(name="Jayden")
+        Author.objects.create(name="John Smith", alias="smithj", goes_by="John")
+        Author.objects.create(name="Margaret", goes_by="Maggie")
+        Author.objects.create(name="Rhonda", alias="adnohR")
+        authors = Author.objects.annotate(joined=Concat("alias", "goes_by"))
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(
-            authors.order_by('name'), [
-                '',
-                'smithjJohn',
-                'Maggie',
-                'adnohR',
+            authors.order_by("name"),
+            [
+                "",
+                "smithjJohn",
+                "Maggie",
+                "adnohR",
             ],
-            lambda a: a.joined
+            lambda a: a.joined,
         )
 
     def test_gt_two_expressions(self):
-        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, 'Concat must take at least two expressions'):
-            Author.objects.annotate(joined=Concat('alias'))
+        with self.assertRaisesMessage(
+            ValueError, "Concat must take at least two expressions"
+        ):
+            Author.objects.annotate(joined=Concat("alias"))
 
     def test_many(self):
-        Author.objects.create(name='Jayden')
-        Author.objects.create(name='John Smith', alias='smithj', goes_by='John')
-        Author.objects.create(name='Margaret', goes_by='Maggie')
-        Author.objects.create(name='Rhonda', alias='adnohR')
+        Author.objects.create(name="Jayden")
+        Author.objects.create(name="John Smith", alias="smithj", goes_by="John")
+        Author.objects.create(name="Margaret", goes_by="Maggie")
+        Author.objects.create(name="Rhonda", alias="adnohR")
         authors = Author.objects.annotate(
-            joined=Concat('name', V(' ('), 'goes_by', V(')'), output_field=CharField()),
+            joined=Concat("name", V(" ("), "goes_by", V(")"), output_field=CharField()),
         )
         self.assertQuerysetEqual(
-            authors.order_by('name'), [
-                'Jayden ()',
-                'John Smith (John)',
-                'Margaret (Maggie)',
-                'Rhonda ()',
+            authors.order_by("name"),
+            [
+                "Jayden ()",
+                "John Smith (John)",
+                "Margaret (Maggie)",
+                "Rhonda ()",
             ],
-            lambda a: a.joined
+            lambda a: a.joined,
         )
 
     def test_mixed_char_text(self):
-        Article.objects.create(title='The Title', text=lorem_ipsum, written=timezone.now())
+        Article.objects.create(
+            title="The Title", text=lorem_ipsum, written=timezone.now()
+        )
         article = Article.objects.annotate(
-            title_text=Concat('title', V(' - '), 'text', output_field=TextField()),
-        ).get(title='The Title')
-        self.assertEqual(article.title + ' - ' + article.text, article.title_text)
+            title_text=Concat("title", V(" - "), "text", output_field=TextField()),
+        ).get(title="The Title")
+        self.assertEqual(article.title + " - " + article.text, article.title_text)
         # Wrap the concat in something else to ensure that text is returned
         # rather than bytes.
         article = Article.objects.annotate(
-            title_text=Upper(Concat('title', V(' - '), 'text', output_field=TextField())),
-        ).get(title='The Title')
-        expected = article.title + ' - ' + article.text
+            title_text=Upper(
+                Concat("title", V(" - "), "text", output_field=TextField())
+            ),
+        ).get(title="The Title")
+        expected = article.title + " - " + article.text
         self.assertEqual(expected.upper(), article.title_text)
 
-    @skipUnless(connection.vendor == 'sqlite', "sqlite specific implementation detail.")
+    @skipUnless(connection.vendor == "sqlite", "sqlite specific implementation detail.")
     def test_coalesce_idempotent(self):
-        pair = ConcatPair(V('a'), V('b'))
+        pair = ConcatPair(V("a"), V("b"))
         # Check nodes counts
         self.assertEqual(len(list(pair.flatten())), 3)
-        self.assertEqual(len(list(pair.coalesce().flatten())), 7)  # + 2 Coalesce + 2 Value()
+        self.assertEqual(
+            len(list(pair.coalesce().flatten())), 7
+        )  # + 2 Coalesce + 2 Value()
         self.assertEqual(len(list(pair.flatten())), 3)
 
     def test_sql_generation_idempotency(self):
-        qs = Article.objects.annotate(description=Concat('title', V(': '), 'summary'))
+        qs = Article.objects.annotate(description=Concat("title", V(": "), "summary"))
         # Multiple compilations should not alter the generated query.
         self.assertEqual(str(qs.query), str(qs.all().query))