diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'docs/ref/unicode.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/ref/unicode.txt | 44 |
1 files changed, 35 insertions, 9 deletions
diff --git a/docs/ref/unicode.txt b/docs/ref/unicode.txt index 46ce4138a4..85e48ae15d 100644 --- a/docs/ref/unicode.txt +++ b/docs/ref/unicode.txt @@ -45,6 +45,28 @@ rendering or anywhere else -- you have two choices for encoding those strings. You can use Unicode strings, or you can use normal strings (sometimes called "bytestrings") that are encoded using UTF-8. +.. versionchanged:: 1.5 + +In Python 3, the logic is reversed, that is normal strings are Unicode, and +when you want to specifically create a bytestring, you have to prefix the +string with a 'b'. As we are doing in Django code from version 1.5, +we recommend that you import ``unicode_literals`` from the __future__ library +in your code. Then, when you specifically want to create a bytestring literal, +prefix the string with 'b'. + +Python 2 legacy:: + + my_string = "This is a bytestring" + my_unicode = u"This is an Unicode string" + +Python 2 with unicode literals or Python 3:: + + from __future__ import unicode_literals + + my_string = b"This is a bytestring" + my_unicode = "This is an Unicode string" + + .. admonition:: Warning A bytestring does not carry any information with it about its encoding. @@ -182,7 +204,7 @@ An example might clarify things here:: >>> urlquote(u'Paris & Orléans') u'Paris%20%26%20Orl%C3%A9ans' - >>> iri_to_uri(u'/favorites/François/%s' % urlquote(u'Paris & Orléans')) + >>> iri_to_uri(u'/favorites/François/%s' % urlquote('Paris & Orléans')) '/favorites/Fran%C3%A7ois/Paris%20%26%20Orl%C3%A9ans' If you look carefully, you can see that the portion that was generated by @@ -268,7 +290,9 @@ You can pass either Unicode strings or UTF-8 bytestrings as arguments to ``filter()`` methods and the like in the database API. The following two querysets are identical:: - qs = People.objects.filter(name__contains=u'Å') + from __future__ import unicode_literals + + qs = People.objects.filter(name__contains='Å') qs = People.objects.filter(name__contains=b'\xc3\x85') # UTF-8 encoding of Å Templates @@ -276,9 +300,10 @@ Templates You can use either Unicode or bytestrings when creating templates manually:: - from django.template import Template - t1 = Template(b'This is a bytestring template.') - t2 = Template(u'This is a Unicode template.') + from __future__ import unicode_literals + from django.template import Template + t1 = Template(b'This is a bytestring template.') + t2 = Template('This is a Unicode template.') But the common case is to read templates from the filesystem, and this creates a slight complication: not all filesystems store their data encoded as UTF-8. @@ -316,14 +341,15 @@ characters. The following code example demonstrates that everything except email addresses can be non-ASCII:: + from __future__ import unicode_literals from django.core.mail import EmailMessage - subject = u'My visit to Sør-Trøndelag' - sender = u'Arnbjörg Ráðormsdóttir <arnbjorg@example.com>' + subject = 'My visit to Sør-Trøndelag' + sender = 'Arnbjörg Ráðormsdóttir <arnbjorg@example.com>' recipients = ['Fred <fred@example.com'] - body = u'...' + body = '...' msg = EmailMessage(subject, body, sender, recipients) - msg.attach(u"Une pièce jointe.pdf", "%PDF-1.4.%...", mimetype="application/pdf") + msg.attach("Une pièce jointe.pdf", "%PDF-1.4.%...", mimetype="application/pdf") msg.send() Form submission |