Fixed #29227 -- Allowed BooleanField to be null=True.

Thanks Lynn Cyrin for contributing to the patch, and Nick Pope for review.

23 files changed, 123 insertions, 45 deletions

diff --git a/tests/admin_filters/models.py b/tests/admin_filters/models.py
index d9ce5c7cfd..ae78282d34 100644
--- a/tests/admin_filters/models.py
+++ b/tests/admin_filters/models.py
@@ -28,7 +28,8 @@ class Book(models.Model):
         verbose_name='Employee',
         blank=True, null=True,
     )
-    is_best_seller = models.NullBooleanField(default=0)
+    is_best_seller = models.BooleanField(default=0, null=True)
+    is_best_seller2 = models.NullBooleanField(default=0)
     date_registered = models.DateField(null=True)
     # This field name is intentionally 2 characters long (#16080).
     no = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='number', blank=True, null=True)
diff --git a/tests/admin_filters/tests.py b/tests/admin_filters/tests.py
index 200c8c8db1..554b1a4e23 100644
--- a/tests/admin_filters/tests.py
+++ b/tests/admin_filters/tests.py
@@ -142,6 +142,10 @@ class BookAdmin(ModelAdmin):
     ordering = ('-id',)
 
 
+class BookAdmin2(ModelAdmin):
+    list_filter = ('year', 'author', 'contributors', 'is_best_seller2', 'date_registered', 'no')
+
+
 class BookAdminWithTupleBooleanFilter(BookAdmin):
     list_filter = (
         'year',
@@ -267,18 +271,22 @@ class ListFiltersTests(TestCase):
         self.djangonaut_book = Book.objects.create(
             title='Djangonaut: an art of living', year=2009,
             author=self.alfred, is_best_seller=True, date_registered=self.today,
+            is_best_seller2=True,
         )
         self.bio_book = Book.objects.create(
             title='Django: a biography', year=1999, author=self.alfred,
             is_best_seller=False, no=207,
+            is_best_seller2=False,
         )
         self.django_book = Book.objects.create(
             title='The Django Book', year=None, author=self.bob,
             is_best_seller=None, date_registered=self.today, no=103,
+            is_best_seller2=None,
         )
         self.guitar_book = Book.objects.create(
             title='Guitar for dummies', year=2002, is_best_seller=True,
             date_registered=self.one_week_ago,
+            is_best_seller2=True,
         )
         self.guitar_book.contributors.set([self.bob, self.lisa])
 
@@ -738,6 +746,54 @@ class ListFiltersTests(TestCase):
         self.assertIs(choice['selected'], True)
         self.assertEqual(choice['query_string'], '?is_best_seller__isnull=True')
 
+    def test_booleanfieldlistfilter_nullbooleanfield(self):
+        modeladmin = BookAdmin2(Book, site)
+
+        request = self.request_factory.get('/')
+        changelist = modeladmin.get_changelist_instance(request)
+
+        request = self.request_factory.get('/', {'is_best_seller2__exact': 0})
+        changelist = modeladmin.get_changelist_instance(request)
+
+        # Make sure the correct queryset is returned
+        queryset = changelist.get_queryset(request)
+        self.assertEqual(list(queryset), [self.bio_book])
+
+        # Make sure the correct choice is selected
+        filterspec = changelist.get_filters(request)[0][3]
+        self.assertEqual(filterspec.title, 'is best seller2')
+        choice = select_by(filterspec.choices(changelist), "display", "No")
+        self.assertIs(choice['selected'], True)
+        self.assertEqual(choice['query_string'], '?is_best_seller2__exact=0')
+
+        request = self.request_factory.get('/', {'is_best_seller2__exact': 1})
+        changelist = modeladmin.get_changelist_instance(request)
+
+        # Make sure the correct queryset is returned
+        queryset = changelist.get_queryset(request)
+        self.assertEqual(list(queryset), [self.guitar_book, self.djangonaut_book])
+
+        # Make sure the correct choice is selected
+        filterspec = changelist.get_filters(request)[0][3]
+        self.assertEqual(filterspec.title, 'is best seller2')
+        choice = select_by(filterspec.choices(changelist), "display", "Yes")
+        self.assertIs(choice['selected'], True)
+        self.assertEqual(choice['query_string'], '?is_best_seller2__exact=1')
+
+        request = self.request_factory.get('/', {'is_best_seller2__isnull': 'True'})
+        changelist = modeladmin.get_changelist_instance(request)
+
+        # Make sure the correct queryset is returned
+        queryset = changelist.get_queryset(request)
+        self.assertEqual(list(queryset), [self.django_book])
+
+        # Make sure the correct choice is selected
+        filterspec = changelist.get_filters(request)[0][3]
+        self.assertEqual(filterspec.title, 'is best seller2')
+        choice = select_by(filterspec.choices(changelist), "display", "Unknown")
+        self.assertIs(choice['selected'], True)
+        self.assertEqual(choice['query_string'], '?is_best_seller2__isnull=True')
+
     def test_fieldlistfilter_underscorelookup_tuple(self):
         """
         Ensure ('fieldpath', ClassName ) lookups pass lookup_allowed checks
diff --git a/tests/admin_utils/tests.py b/tests/admin_utils/tests.py
index 4d56313ae1..d2697ca87e 100644
--- a/tests/admin_utils/tests.py
+++ b/tests/admin_utils/tests.py
@@ -166,6 +166,10 @@ class UtilsTests(SimpleTestCase):
         expected = '<img src="%sadmin/img/icon-unknown.svg" alt="None">' % settings.STATIC_URL
         self.assertHTMLEqual(display_value, expected)
 
+        display_value = display_for_field(None, models.BooleanField(null=True), self.empty_value)
+        expected = '<img src="%sadmin/img/icon-unknown.svg" alt="None" />' % settings.STATIC_URL
+        self.assertHTMLEqual(display_value, expected)
+
         display_value = display_for_field(None, models.DecimalField(), self.empty_value)
         self.assertEqual(display_value, self.empty_value)
 
diff --git a/tests/admin_views/models.py b/tests/admin_views/models.py
index 38565b0a7f..59228876c5 100644
--- a/tests/admin_views/models.py
+++ b/tests/admin_views/models.py
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ class Post(models.Model):
         default=datetime.date.today,
         help_text="Some help text for the date (with unicode ŠĐĆŽćžšđ)"
     )
-    public = models.NullBooleanField()
+    public = models.BooleanField(null=True, blank=True)
 
     def awesomeness_level(self):
         return "Very awesome."
@@ -692,7 +692,7 @@ class OtherStory(models.Model):
 class ComplexSortedPerson(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
     age = models.PositiveIntegerField()
-    is_employee = models.NullBooleanField()
+    is_employee = models.BooleanField(null=True)
 
 
 class PluggableSearchPerson(models.Model):
diff --git a/tests/annotations/tests.py b/tests/annotations/tests.py
index d7759c8552..f7f8474329 100644
--- a/tests/annotations/tests.py
+++ b/tests/annotations/tests.py
@@ -521,13 +521,15 @@ class NonAggregateAnnotationTestCase(TestCase):
         books = Book.objects.annotate(
             is_book=Value(True, output_field=BooleanField()),
             is_pony=Value(False, output_field=BooleanField()),
-            is_none=Value(None, output_field=NullBooleanField()),
+            is_none=Value(None, output_field=BooleanField(null=True)),
+            is_none_old=Value(None, output_field=NullBooleanField()),
         )
         self.assertGreater(len(books), 0)
         for book in books:
             self.assertIs(book.is_book, True)
             self.assertIs(book.is_pony, False)
             self.assertIsNone(book.is_none)
+            self.assertIsNone(book.is_none_old)
 
     def test_annotation_in_f_grouped_by_annotation(self):
         qs = (
diff --git a/tests/backends/oracle/tests.py b/tests/backends/oracle/tests.py
index 77de9cf279..333d224b3f 100644
--- a/tests/backends/oracle/tests.py
+++ b/tests/backends/oracle/tests.py
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class Tests(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_boolean_constraints(self):
         """Boolean fields have check constraints on their values."""
-        for field in (BooleanField(), NullBooleanField()):
+        for field in (BooleanField(), NullBooleanField(), BooleanField(null=True)):
             with self.subTest(field=field):
                 field.set_attributes_from_name('is_nice')
                 self.assertIn('"IS_NICE" IN (0,1)', field.db_check(connection))
diff --git a/tests/bulk_create/models.py b/tests/bulk_create/models.py
index c0ea527a62..c4329fbfc9 100644
--- a/tests/bulk_create/models.py
+++ b/tests/bulk_create/models.py
@@ -74,7 +74,8 @@ class NullableFields(models.Model):
     duration_field = models.DurationField(null=True, default=datetime.timedelta(1))
     float_field = models.FloatField(null=True, default=3.2)
     integer_field = models.IntegerField(null=True, default=2)
-    null_boolean_field = models.NullBooleanField(null=True, default=False)
+    null_boolean_field = models.BooleanField(null=True, default=False)
+    null_boolean_field_old = models.NullBooleanField(null=True, default=False)
     positive_integer_field = models.PositiveIntegerField(null=True, default=3)
     positive_small_integer_field = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(null=True, default=4)
     small_integer_field = models.SmallIntegerField(null=True, default=5)
diff --git a/tests/datatypes/models.py b/tests/datatypes/models.py
index 570b2ba8e0..6e31a3a453 100644
--- a/tests/datatypes/models.py
+++ b/tests/datatypes/models.py
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ from django.db import models
 class Donut(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
     is_frosted = models.BooleanField(default=False)
-    has_sprinkles = models.NullBooleanField()
+    has_sprinkles = models.BooleanField(null=True)
+    has_sprinkles_old = models.NullBooleanField()
     baked_date = models.DateField(null=True)
     baked_time = models.TimeField(null=True)
     consumed_at = models.DateTimeField(null=True)
diff --git a/tests/datatypes/tests.py b/tests/datatypes/tests.py
index 52f24fe051..924d796121 100644
--- a/tests/datatypes/tests.py
+++ b/tests/datatypes/tests.py
@@ -12,14 +12,18 @@ class DataTypesTestCase(TestCase):
         d = Donut(name='Apple Fritter')
         self.assertFalse(d.is_frosted)
         self.assertIsNone(d.has_sprinkles)
+        self.assertIsNone(d.has_sprinkles_old)
         d.has_sprinkles = True
+        d.has_sprinkles_old = True
         self.assertTrue(d.has_sprinkles)
+        self.assertTrue(d.has_sprinkles_old)
 
         d.save()
 
         d2 = Donut.objects.get(name='Apple Fritter')
         self.assertFalse(d2.is_frosted)
         self.assertTrue(d2.has_sprinkles)
+        self.assertTrue(d2.has_sprinkles_old)
 
     def test_date_type(self):
         d = Donut(name='Apple Fritter')
diff --git a/tests/expressions_case/models.py b/tests/expressions_case/models.py
index 7c1a8d75b7..570b8c1849 100644
--- a/tests/expressions_case/models.py
+++ b/tests/expressions_case/models.py
@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ class CaseTestModel(models.Model):
     if Image:
         image = models.ImageField(null=True)
     generic_ip_address = models.GenericIPAddressField(null=True)
-    null_boolean = models.NullBooleanField()
+    null_boolean = models.BooleanField(null=True)
+    null_boolean_old = models.NullBooleanField()
     positive_integer = models.PositiveIntegerField(null=True)
     positive_small_integer = models.PositiveSmallIntegerField(null=True)
     slug = models.SlugField(default='')
diff --git a/tests/expressions_case/tests.py b/tests/expressions_case/tests.py
index a688dc073d..94731491e0 100644
--- a/tests/expressions_case/tests.py
+++ b/tests/expressions_case/tests.py
@@ -820,6 +820,19 @@ class CaseExpressionTests(TestCase):
             transform=attrgetter('integer', 'null_boolean')
         )
 
+    def test_update_null_boolean_old(self):
+        CaseTestModel.objects.update(
+            null_boolean_old=Case(
+                When(integer=1, then=True),
+                When(integer=2, then=False),
+            ),
+        )
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            CaseTestModel.objects.all().order_by('pk'),
+            [(1, True), (2, False), (3, None), (2, False), (3, None), (3, None), (4, None)],
+            transform=attrgetter('integer', 'null_boolean_old')
+        )
+
     def test_update_positive_integer(self):
         CaseTestModel.objects.update(
             positive_integer=Case(
diff --git a/tests/generic_relations_regress/models.py b/tests/generic_relations_regress/models.py
index 5d8716aa0c..f9cdb1b549 100644
--- a/tests/generic_relations_regress/models.py
+++ b/tests/generic_relations_regress/models.py
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ class HasLinkThing(HasLinks):
 
 
 class A(models.Model):
-    flag = models.NullBooleanField()
+    flag = models.BooleanField(null=True)
     content_type = models.ForeignKey(ContentType, models.CASCADE)
     object_id = models.PositiveIntegerField()
     content_object = GenericForeignKey('content_type', 'object_id')
diff --git a/tests/inspectdb/models.py b/tests/inspectdb/models.py
index 1a001b653e..8c660658cd 100644
--- a/tests/inspectdb/models.py
+++ b/tests/inspectdb/models.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class ColumnTypes(models.Model):
     id = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
     big_int_field = models.BigIntegerField()
     bool_field = models.BooleanField(default=False)
-    null_bool_field = models.NullBooleanField()
+    null_bool_field = models.BooleanField(null=True)
     char_field = models.CharField(max_length=10)
     null_char_field = models.CharField(max_length=10, blank=True, null=True)
     date_field = models.DateField()
diff --git a/tests/invalid_models_tests/test_ordinary_fields.py b/tests/invalid_models_tests/test_ordinary_fields.py
index a3c3a70808..2411abc930 100644
--- a/tests/invalid_models_tests/test_ordinary_fields.py
+++ b/tests/invalid_models_tests/test_ordinary_fields.py
@@ -39,24 +39,6 @@ class AutoFieldTests(SimpleTestCase):
 
 
 @isolate_apps('invalid_models_tests')
-class BooleanFieldTests(SimpleTestCase):
-
-    def test_nullable_boolean_field(self):
-        class Model(models.Model):
-            field = models.BooleanField(null=True)
-
-        field = Model._meta.get_field('field')
-        self.assertEqual(field.check(), [
-            Error(
-                'BooleanFields do not accept null values.',
-                hint='Use a NullBooleanField instead.',
-                obj=field,
-                id='fields.E110',
-            ),
-        ])
-
-
-@isolate_apps('invalid_models_tests')
 class CharFieldTests(TestCase):
 
     def test_valid_field(self):
diff --git a/tests/managers_regress/models.py b/tests/managers_regress/models.py
index 8d5725c5b7..36cd4e7572 100644
--- a/tests/managers_regress/models.py
+++ b/tests/managers_regress/models.py
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ class Child7(Parent):
 # RelatedManagers
 class RelatedModel(models.Model):
     test_gfk = GenericRelation('RelationModel', content_type_field='gfk_ctype', object_id_field='gfk_id')
-    exact = models.NullBooleanField()
+    exact = models.BooleanField(null=True)
 
     def __str__(self):
         return str(self.pk)
diff --git a/tests/model_fields/models.py b/tests/model_fields/models.py
index 1996011512..13d4843632 100644
--- a/tests/model_fields/models.py
+++ b/tests/model_fields/models.py
@@ -101,7 +101,8 @@ class Post(models.Model):
 
 
 class NullBooleanModel(models.Model):
-    nbfield = models.NullBooleanField()
+    nbfield = models.BooleanField(null=True, blank=True)
+    nbfield_old = models.NullBooleanField()
 
 
 class BooleanModel(models.Model):
diff --git a/tests/model_fields/test_booleanfield.py b/tests/model_fields/test_booleanfield.py
index f295f24980..72c9293d93 100644
--- a/tests/model_fields/test_booleanfield.py
+++ b/tests/model_fields/test_booleanfield.py
@@ -24,12 +24,18 @@ class BooleanFieldTests(TestCase):
         self._test_get_prep_value(models.BooleanField())
 
     def test_nullbooleanfield_get_prep_value(self):
+        self._test_get_prep_value(models.BooleanField(null=True))
+
+    def test_nullbooleanfield_old_get_prep_value(self):
         self._test_get_prep_value(models.NullBooleanField())
 
     def test_booleanfield_to_python(self):
         self._test_to_python(models.BooleanField())
 
     def test_nullbooleanfield_to_python(self):
+        self._test_to_python(models.BooleanField(null=True))
+
+    def test_nullbooleanfield_old_to_python(self):
         self._test_to_python(models.NullBooleanField())
 
     def test_booleanfield_choices_blank(self):
@@ -42,6 +48,8 @@ class BooleanFieldTests(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(f.formfield().choices, choices)
 
     def test_nullbooleanfield_formfield(self):
+        f = models.BooleanField(null=True)
+        self.assertIsInstance(f.formfield(), forms.NullBooleanField)
         f = models.NullBooleanField()
         self.assertIsInstance(f.formfield(), forms.NullBooleanField)
 
@@ -54,13 +62,15 @@ class BooleanFieldTests(TestCase):
         b2.refresh_from_db()
         self.assertIs(b2.bfield, False)
 
-        b3 = NullBooleanModel.objects.create(nbfield=True)
+        b3 = NullBooleanModel.objects.create(nbfield=True, nbfield_old=True)
         b3.refresh_from_db()
         self.assertIs(b3.nbfield, True)
+        self.assertIs(b3.nbfield_old, True)
 
-        b4 = NullBooleanModel.objects.create(nbfield=False)
+        b4 = NullBooleanModel.objects.create(nbfield=False, nbfield_old=False)
         b4.refresh_from_db()
         self.assertIs(b4.nbfield, False)
+        self.assertIs(b4.nbfield_old, False)
 
         # When an extra clause exists, the boolean conversions are applied with
         # an offset (#13293).
@@ -73,8 +83,8 @@ class BooleanFieldTests(TestCase):
         """
         bmt = BooleanModel.objects.create(bfield=True)
         bmf = BooleanModel.objects.create(bfield=False)
-        nbmt = NullBooleanModel.objects.create(nbfield=True)
-        nbmf = NullBooleanModel.objects.create(nbfield=False)
+        nbmt = NullBooleanModel.objects.create(nbfield=True, nbfield_old=True)
+        nbmf = NullBooleanModel.objects.create(nbfield=False, nbfield_old=False)
         m1 = FksToBooleans.objects.create(bf=bmt, nbf=nbmt)
         m2 = FksToBooleans.objects.create(bf=bmf, nbf=nbmf)
 
@@ -88,8 +98,10 @@ class BooleanFieldTests(TestCase):
         mc = FksToBooleans.objects.select_related().get(pk=m2.id)
         self.assertIs(mb.bf.bfield, True)
         self.assertIs(mb.nbf.nbfield, True)
+        self.assertIs(mb.nbf.nbfield_old, True)
         self.assertIs(mc.bf.bfield, False)
         self.assertIs(mc.nbf.nbfield, False)
+        self.assertIs(mc.nbf.nbfield_old, False)
 
     def test_null_default(self):
         """
@@ -105,6 +117,7 @@ class BooleanFieldTests(TestCase):
 
         nb = NullBooleanModel()
         self.assertIsNone(nb.nbfield)
+        self.assertIsNone(nb.nbfield_old)
         nb.save()  # no error
 
 
@@ -120,5 +133,5 @@ class ValidationTest(SimpleTestCase):
         NullBooleanField shouldn't throw a validation error when given a value
         of None.
         """
-        nullboolean = NullBooleanModel(nbfield=None)
+        nullboolean = NullBooleanModel(nbfield=None, nbfield_old=None)
         nullboolean.full_clean()
diff --git a/tests/postgres_tests/migrations/0002_create_test_models.py b/tests/postgres_tests/migrations/0002_create_test_models.py
index cbc984d485..57465612b5 100644
--- a/tests/postgres_tests/migrations/0002_create_test_models.py
+++ b/tests/postgres_tests/migrations/0002_create_test_models.py
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ class Migration(migrations.Migration):
             name='AggregateTestModel',
             fields=[
                 ('id', models.AutoField(verbose_name='ID', serialize=False, auto_created=True, primary_key=True)),
-                ('boolean_field', models.NullBooleanField()),
+                ('boolean_field', models.BooleanField(null=True)),
                 ('char_field', models.CharField(max_length=30, blank=True)),
                 ('integer_field', models.IntegerField(null=True)),
             ]
diff --git a/tests/postgres_tests/models.py b/tests/postgres_tests/models.py
index 35e76d0622..d5865818e7 100644
--- a/tests/postgres_tests/models.py
+++ b/tests/postgres_tests/models.py
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class AggregateTestModel(models.Model):
     """
     char_field = models.CharField(max_length=30, blank=True)
     integer_field = models.IntegerField(null=True)
-    boolean_field = models.NullBooleanField()
+    boolean_field = models.BooleanField(null=True)
 
 
 class StatTestModel(models.Model):
diff --git a/tests/queries/models.py b/tests/queries/models.py
index 64f426c4a7..587d2e683e 100644
--- a/tests/queries/models.py
+++ b/tests/queries/models.py
@@ -676,7 +676,7 @@ class Student(models.Model):
 
 class Classroom(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
-    has_blackboard = models.NullBooleanField()
+    has_blackboard = models.BooleanField(null=True)
     school = models.ForeignKey(School, models.CASCADE)
     students = models.ManyToManyField(Student, related_name='classroom')
 
diff --git a/tests/serializers/models/data.py b/tests/serializers/models/data.py
index b62f85a868..533ccf6830 100644
--- a/tests/serializers/models/data.py
+++ b/tests/serializers/models/data.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class BinaryData(models.Model):
 
 
 class BooleanData(models.Model):
-    data = models.BooleanField(default=False)
+    data = models.BooleanField(default=False, null=True)
 
 
 class CharData(models.Model):
@@ -226,10 +226,6 @@ class IntegerPKData(models.Model):
 class GenericIPAddressPKData(models.Model):
     data = models.GenericIPAddressField(primary_key=True)
 
-# This is just a Boolean field with null=True, and we can't test a PK value of NULL.
-# class NullBooleanPKData(models.Model):
-#     data = models.NullBooleanField(primary_key=True)
-
 
 class PositiveIntegerPKData(models.Model):
     data = models.PositiveIntegerField(primary_key=True)
diff --git a/tests/serializers/test_data.py b/tests/serializers/test_data.py
index 467292bff1..9f0e311d62 100644
--- a/tests/serializers/test_data.py
+++ b/tests/serializers/test_data.py
@@ -200,6 +200,7 @@ test_data = [
     (data_obj, 2, BinaryData, None),
     (data_obj, 5, BooleanData, True),
     (data_obj, 6, BooleanData, False),
+    (data_obj, 7, BooleanData, None),
     (data_obj, 10, CharData, "Test Char Data"),
     (data_obj, 11, CharData, ""),
     (data_obj, 12, CharData, "None"),
@@ -334,8 +335,6 @@ The end."""),
     (pk_obj, 682, IntegerPKData, 0),
     # (XX, ImagePKData
     (pk_obj, 695, GenericIPAddressPKData, "fe80:1424:2223:6cff:fe8a:2e8a:2151:abcd"),
-    # (pk_obj, 700, NullBooleanPKData, True),
-    # (pk_obj, 701, NullBooleanPKData, False),
     (pk_obj, 720, PositiveIntegerPKData, 123456789),
     (pk_obj, 730, PositiveSmallIntegerPKData, 12),
     (pk_obj, 740, SlugPKData, "this-is-a-slug"),
diff --git a/tests/validation/test_error_messages.py b/tests/validation/test_error_messages.py
index d2fc3e4939..0869d0fc10 100644
--- a/tests/validation/test_error_messages.py
+++ b/tests/validation/test_error_messages.py
@@ -23,6 +23,10 @@ class ValidationMessagesTest(TestCase):
         f = models.BooleanField()
         self._test_validation_messages(f, 'fõo', ["'fõo' value must be either True or False."])
 
+    def test_nullable_boolean_field_raises_error_message(self):
+        f = models.BooleanField(null=True)
+        self._test_validation_messages(f, 'fõo', ["'fõo' value must be either True, False, or None."])
+
     def test_float_field_raises_error_message(self):
         f = models.FloatField()
         self._test_validation_messages(f, 'fõo', ["'fõo' value must be a float."])