[soc2010/query-refactor] Merged up to trunk r13328.

git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/branches/soc2010/query-refactor@13329 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37

13 files changed, 1302 insertions, 1233 deletions

diff --git a/tests/modeltests/aggregation/models.py b/tests/modeltests/aggregation/models.py
index f50abe651b..ccc12898b7 100644
--- a/tests/modeltests/aggregation/models.py
+++ b/tests/modeltests/aggregation/models.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # coding: utf-8
 from django.db import models
 
+
 class Author(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
     age = models.IntegerField()
@@ -39,323 +40,3 @@ class Store(models.Model):
     def __unicode__(self):
         return self.name
 
-# Tests on 'aggregate'
-# Different backends and numbers.
-__test__ = {'API_TESTS': """
->>> from django.core import management
->>> from decimal import Decimal
->>> from datetime import date
-
-# Reset the database representation of this app.
-# This will return the database to a clean initial state.
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Empty Call - request nothing, get nothing.
->>> Author.objects.all().aggregate()
-{}
-
->>> from django.db.models import Avg, Sum, Count, Max, Min
-
-# Single model aggregation
-#
-
-# Single aggregate
-# Average age of Authors
->>> Author.objects.all().aggregate(Avg('age'))
-{'age__avg': 37.4...}
-
-# Multiple aggregates
-# Average and Sum of Author ages
->>> Author.objects.all().aggregate(Sum('age'), Avg('age'))
-{'age__sum': 337, 'age__avg': 37.4...}
-
-# Aggreates interact with filters, and only
-# generate aggregate values for the filtered values
-# Sum of the age of those older than 29 years old
->>> Author.objects.all().filter(age__gt=29).aggregate(Sum('age'))
-{'age__sum': 254}
-
-# Depth-1 Joins
-#
-
-# On Relationships with self
-# Average age of the friends of each author
->>> Author.objects.all().aggregate(Avg('friends__age'))
-{'friends__age__avg': 34.07...}
-
-# On ManyToMany Relationships
-#
-
-# Forward
-# Average age of the Authors of Books with a rating of less than 4.5
->>> Book.objects.all().filter(rating__lt=4.5).aggregate(Avg('authors__age'))
-{'authors__age__avg': 38.2...}
-
-# Backward
-# Average rating of the Books whose Author's name contains the letter 'a'
->>> Author.objects.all().filter(name__contains='a').aggregate(Avg('book__rating'))
-{'book__rating__avg': 4.0}
-
-# On OneToMany Relationships
-#
-
-# Forward
-# Sum of the number of awards of each Book's Publisher
->>> Book.objects.all().aggregate(Sum('publisher__num_awards'))
-{'publisher__num_awards__sum': 30}
-
-# Backward
-# Sum of the price of every Book that has a Publisher
->>> Publisher.objects.all().aggregate(Sum('book__price'))
-{'book__price__sum': Decimal("270.27")}
-
-# Multiple Joins
-#
-
-# Forward
->>> Store.objects.all().aggregate(Max('books__authors__age'))
-{'books__authors__age__max': 57}
-
-# Backward
-# Note that the very long default alias may be truncated
->>> Author.objects.all().aggregate(Min('book__publisher__num_awards'))
-{'book__publisher__num_award...': 1}
-
-# Aggregate outputs can also be aliased.
-
-# Average amazon.com Book rating
->>> Store.objects.filter(name='Amazon.com').aggregate(amazon_mean=Avg('books__rating'))
-{'amazon_mean': 4.08...}
-
-# Tests on annotate()
-
-# An empty annotate call does nothing but return the same QuerySet
->>> Book.objects.all().annotate().order_by('pk')
-[<Book: The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right>, <Book: Sams Teach Yourself Django in 24 Hours>, <Book: Practical Django Projects>, <Book: Python Web Development with Django>, <Book: Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach>, <Book: Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp>]
-
-# Annotate inserts the alias into the model object with the aggregated result
->>> books = Book.objects.all().annotate(mean_age=Avg('authors__age'))
->>> books.get(pk=1).name
-u'The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right'
-
->>> books.get(pk=1).mean_age
-34.5
-
-# On ManyToMany Relationships
-
-# Forward
-# Average age of the Authors of each book with a rating less than 4.5
->>> books = Book.objects.all().filter(rating__lt=4.5).annotate(Avg('authors__age'))
->>> sorted([(b.name, b.authors__age__avg) for b in books])
-[(u'Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach', 51.5), (u'Practical Django Projects', 29.0), (u'Python Web Development with Django', 30.3...), (u'Sams Teach Yourself Django in 24 Hours', 45.0)]
-
-# Count the number of authors of each book
->>> books = Book.objects.annotate(num_authors=Count('authors'))
->>> sorted([(b.name, b.num_authors) for b in books])
-[(u'Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach', 2), (u'Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp', 1), (u'Practical Django Projects', 1), (u'Python Web Development with Django', 3), (u'Sams Teach Yourself Django in 24 Hours', 1), (u'The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right', 2)]
-
-# Backward
-# Average rating of the Books whose Author's names contains the letter 'a'
->>> authors = Author.objects.all().filter(name__contains='a').annotate(Avg('book__rating'))
->>> sorted([(a.name, a.book__rating__avg) for a in authors])
-[(u'Adrian Holovaty', 4.5), (u'Brad Dayley', 3.0), (u'Jacob Kaplan-Moss', 4.5), (u'James Bennett', 4.0), (u'Paul Bissex', 4.0), (u'Stuart Russell', 4.0)]
-
-# Count the number of books written by each author
->>> authors = Author.objects.annotate(num_books=Count('book'))
->>> sorted([(a.name, a.num_books) for a in authors])
-[(u'Adrian Holovaty', 1), (u'Brad Dayley', 1), (u'Jacob Kaplan-Moss', 1), (u'James Bennett', 1), (u'Jeffrey Forcier', 1), (u'Paul Bissex', 1), (u'Peter Norvig', 2), (u'Stuart Russell', 1), (u'Wesley J. Chun', 1)]
-
-# On OneToMany Relationships
-
-# Forward
-# Annotate each book with the number of awards of each Book's Publisher
->>> books = Book.objects.all().annotate(Sum('publisher__num_awards'))
->>> sorted([(b.name, b.publisher__num_awards__sum) for b in books])
-[(u'Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach', 7), (u'Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp', 9), (u'Practical Django Projects', 3), (u'Python Web Development with Django', 7), (u'Sams Teach Yourself Django in 24 Hours', 1), (u'The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right', 3)]
-
-# Backward
-# Annotate each publisher with the sum of the price of all books sold
->>> publishers = Publisher.objects.all().annotate(Sum('book__price'))
->>> sorted([(p.name, p.book__price__sum) for p in publishers])
-[(u'Apress', Decimal("59.69")), (u"Jonno's House of Books", None), (u'Morgan Kaufmann', Decimal("75.00")), (u'Prentice Hall', Decimal("112.49")), (u'Sams', Decimal("23.09"))]
-
-# Calls to values() are not commutative over annotate().
-
-# Calling values on a queryset that has annotations returns the output
-# as a dictionary
->>> [sorted(o.iteritems()) for o in Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg('authors__age')).values()]
-[[('contact_id', 1), ('id', 1), ('isbn', u'159059725'), ('mean_age', 34.5), ('name', u'The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right'), ('pages', 447), ('price', Decimal("30...")), ('pubdate', datetime.date(2007, 12, 6)), ('publisher_id', 1), ('rating', 4.5)]]
-
->>> Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg('authors__age')).values('pk', 'isbn', 'mean_age')
-[{'pk': 1, 'isbn': u'159059725', 'mean_age': 34.5}]
-
-# Calling values() with parameters reduces the output
->>> Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg('authors__age')).values('name')
-[{'name': u'The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right'}]
-
-# An empty values() call before annotating has the same effect as an
-# empty values() call after annotating
->>> [sorted(o.iteritems()) for o in Book.objects.filter(pk=1).values().annotate(mean_age=Avg('authors__age'))]
-[[('contact_id', 1), ('id', 1), ('isbn', u'159059725'), ('mean_age', 34.5), ('name', u'The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right'), ('pages', 447), ('price', Decimal("30...")), ('pubdate', datetime.date(2007, 12, 6)), ('publisher_id', 1), ('rating', 4.5)]]
-
-# Calling annotate() on a ValuesQuerySet annotates over the groups of
-# fields to be selected by the ValuesQuerySet.
-
-# Note that an extra parameter is added to each dictionary. This
-# parameter is a queryset representing the objects that have been
-# grouped to generate the annotation
-
->>> Book.objects.all().values('rating').annotate(n_authors=Count('authors__id'), mean_age=Avg('authors__age')).order_by('rating')
-[{'rating': 3.0, 'n_authors': 1, 'mean_age': 45.0}, {'rating': 4.0, 'n_authors': 6, 'mean_age': 37.1...}, {'rating': 4.5, 'n_authors': 2, 'mean_age': 34.5}, {'rating': 5.0, 'n_authors': 1, 'mean_age': 57.0}]
-
-# If a join doesn't match any objects, an aggregate returns None
->>> authors = Author.objects.all().annotate(Avg('friends__age')).order_by('id')
->>> len(authors)
-9
->>> sorted([(a.name, a.friends__age__avg) for a in authors])
-[(u'Adrian Holovaty', 32.0), (u'Brad Dayley', None), (u'Jacob Kaplan-Moss', 29.5), (u'James Bennett', 34.0), (u'Jeffrey Forcier', 27.0), (u'Paul Bissex', 31.0), (u'Peter Norvig', 46.0), (u'Stuart Russell', 57.0), (u'Wesley J. Chun', 33.6...)]
-
-
-# The Count aggregation function allows an extra parameter: distinct.
-# This restricts the count results to unique items
->>> Book.objects.all().aggregate(Count('rating'))
-{'rating__count': 6}
-
->>> Book.objects.all().aggregate(Count('rating', distinct=True))
-{'rating__count': 4}
-
-# Retreiving the grouped objects
-
-# When using Count you can also omit the primary key and refer only to
-# the related field name if you want to count all the related objects
-# and not a specific column
->>> explicit = list(Author.objects.annotate(Count('book__id')))
->>> implicit = list(Author.objects.annotate(Count('book')))
->>> explicit == implicit
-True
-
-# Ordering is allowed on aggregates
->>> Book.objects.values('rating').annotate(oldest=Max('authors__age')).order_by('oldest', 'rating')
-[{'rating': 4.5, 'oldest': 35}, {'rating': 3.0, 'oldest': 45}, {'rating': 4.0, 'oldest': 57}, {'rating': 5.0, 'oldest': 57}]
-
->>> Book.objects.values('rating').annotate(oldest=Max('authors__age')).order_by('-oldest', '-rating')
-[{'rating': 5.0, 'oldest': 57}, {'rating': 4.0, 'oldest': 57}, {'rating': 3.0, 'oldest': 45}, {'rating': 4.5, 'oldest': 35}]
-
-# It is possible to aggregate over anotated values
->>> Book.objects.all().annotate(num_authors=Count('authors__id')).aggregate(Avg('num_authors'))
-{'num_authors__avg': 1.66...}
-
-# You can filter the results based on the aggregation alias.
-
-# Lets add a publisher to test the different possibilities for filtering
->>> p = Publisher(name='Expensive Publisher', num_awards=0)
->>> p.save()
->>> Book(name='ExpensiveBook1', pages=1, isbn='111', rating=3.5, price=Decimal("1000"), publisher=p, contact_id=1, pubdate=date(2008,12,1)).save()
->>> Book(name='ExpensiveBook2', pages=1, isbn='222', rating=4.0, price=Decimal("1000"), publisher=p, contact_id=1, pubdate=date(2008,12,2)).save()
->>> Book(name='ExpensiveBook3', pages=1, isbn='333', rating=4.5, price=Decimal("35"), publisher=p, contact_id=1, pubdate=date(2008,12,3)).save()
-
-# Publishers that have:
-
-# (i) more than one book
->>> Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count('book__id')).filter(num_books__gt=1).order_by('pk')
-[<Publisher: Apress>, <Publisher: Prentice Hall>, <Publisher: Expensive Publisher>]
-
-# (ii) a book that cost less than 40
->>> Publisher.objects.filter(book__price__lt=Decimal("40.0")).order_by('pk')
-[<Publisher: Apress>, <Publisher: Apress>, <Publisher: Sams>, <Publisher: Prentice Hall>, <Publisher: Expensive Publisher>]
-
-# (iii) more than one book and (at least) a book that cost less than 40
->>> Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count('book__id')).filter(num_books__gt=1, book__price__lt=Decimal("40.0")).order_by('pk')
-[<Publisher: Apress>, <Publisher: Prentice Hall>, <Publisher: Expensive Publisher>]
-
-# (iv) more than one book that costs less than $40
->>> Publisher.objects.filter(book__price__lt=Decimal("40.0")).annotate(num_books=Count('book__id')).filter(num_books__gt=1).order_by('pk')
-[<Publisher: Apress>]
-
-# Now a bit of testing on the different lookup types
-#
-
->>> Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count('book')).filter(num_books__range=[1, 3]).order_by('pk')
-[<Publisher: Apress>, <Publisher: Sams>, <Publisher: Prentice Hall>, <Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann>, <Publisher: Expensive Publisher>]
-
->>> Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count('book')).filter(num_books__range=[1, 2]).order_by('pk')
-[<Publisher: Apress>, <Publisher: Sams>, <Publisher: Prentice Hall>, <Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann>]
-
->>> Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count('book')).filter(num_books__in=[1, 3]).order_by('pk')
-[<Publisher: Sams>, <Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann>, <Publisher: Expensive Publisher>]
-
->>> Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count('book')).filter(num_books__isnull=True)
-[]
-
->>> p.delete()
-
-# Does Author X have any friends? (or better, how many friends does author X have)
->> Author.objects.filter(pk=1).aggregate(Count('friends__id'))
-{'friends__id__count': 2.0}
-
-# Give me a list of all Books with more than 1 authors
->>> Book.objects.all().annotate(num_authors=Count('authors__name')).filter(num_authors__ge=2).order_by('pk')
-[<Book: The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right>, <Book: Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach>]
-
-# Give me a list of all Authors that have no friends
->>> Author.objects.all().annotate(num_friends=Count('friends__id', distinct=True)).filter(num_friends=0).order_by('pk')
-[<Author: Brad Dayley>]
-
-# Give me a list of all publishers that have published more than 1 books
->>> Publisher.objects.all().annotate(num_books=Count('book__id')).filter(num_books__gt=1).order_by('pk')
-[<Publisher: Apress>, <Publisher: Prentice Hall>]
-
-# Give me a list of all publishers that have published more than 1 books that cost less than 40
->>> Publisher.objects.all().filter(book__price__lt=Decimal("40.0")).annotate(num_books=Count('book__id')).filter(num_books__gt=1)
-[<Publisher: Apress>]
-
-# Give me a list of all Books that were written by X and one other author.
->>> Book.objects.all().annotate(num_authors=Count('authors__id')).filter(authors__name__contains='Norvig', num_authors__gt=1)
-[<Book: Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach>]
-
-# Give me the average rating of all Books that were written by X and one other author.
-#(Aggregate over objects discovered using membership of the m2m set)
-
-# Adding an existing author to another book to test it the right way
->>> a = Author.objects.get(name__contains='Norvig')
->>> b = Book.objects.get(name__contains='Done Right')
->>> b.authors.add(a)
->>> b.save()
-
-# This should do it
->>> Book.objects.all().annotate(num_authors=Count('authors__id')).filter(authors__name__contains='Norvig', num_authors__gt=1).aggregate(Avg('rating'))
-{'rating__avg': 4.25}
->>> b.authors.remove(a)
-
-# Give me a list of all Authors that have published a book with at least one other person
-# (Filters over a count generated on a related object)
-#
-# Cheating: [a for a in Author.objects.all().annotate(num_coleagues=Count('book__authors__id'), num_books=Count('book__id', distinct=True)) if a.num_coleagues - a.num_books > 0]
-# F-Syntax is required. Will be fixed after F objects are available
-
-# Aggregates also work on dates, times and datetimes
->>> Publisher.objects.annotate(earliest_book=Min('book__pubdate')).exclude(earliest_book=None).order_by('earliest_book').values()
-[{'earliest_book': datetime.date(1991, 10, 15), 'num_awards': 9, 'id': 4, 'name': u'Morgan Kaufmann'}, {'earliest_book': datetime.date(1995, 1, 15), 'num_awards': 7, 'id': 3, 'name': u'Prentice Hall'}, {'earliest_book': datetime.date(2007, 12, 6), 'num_awards': 3, 'id': 1, 'name': u'Apress'}, {'earliest_book': datetime.date(2008, 3, 3), 'num_awards': 1, 'id': 2, 'name': u'Sams'}]
-
->>> Store.objects.aggregate(Max('friday_night_closing'), Min("original_opening"))
-{'friday_night_closing__max': datetime.time(23, 59, 59), 'original_opening__min': datetime.datetime(1945, 4, 25, 16, 24, 14)}
-
-# values_list() can also be used
-
->>> Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg('authors__age')).values_list('pk', 'isbn', 'mean_age')
-[(1, u'159059725', 34.5)]
-
->>> Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg('authors__age')).values_list('isbn')
-[(u'159059725',)]
-
->>> Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg('authors__age')).values_list('mean_age')
-[(34.5,)]
-
->>> Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg('authors__age')).values_list('mean_age', flat=True)
-[34.5]
-
->>> qs = Book.objects.values_list('price').annotate(count=Count('price')).order_by('-count', 'price')
->>> list(qs) == [(Decimal('29.69'), 2), (Decimal('23.09'), 1), (Decimal('30'), 1), (Decimal('75'), 1), (Decimal('82.8'), 1)]
-True
-
-"""}
diff --git a/tests/modeltests/aggregation/tests.py b/tests/modeltests/aggregation/tests.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cb611439b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/modeltests/aggregation/tests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,578 @@
+import datetime
+from decimal import Decimal
+
+from django.db.models import Avg, Sum, Count, Max, Min
+from django.test import TestCase
+
+from models import Author, Publisher, Book, Store
+
+
+class Approximate(object):
+    def __init__(self, val, places=7):
+        self.val = val
+        self.places = places
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return repr(self.val)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if self.val == other:
+            return True
+        return round(abs(self.val-other), self.places) == 0
+
+class BaseAggregateTestCase(TestCase):
+    fixtures = ["initial_data.json"]
+
+    def test_empty_aggregate(self):
+        self.assertEqual(Author.objects.all().aggregate(), {})
+
+    def test_single_aggregate(self):
+        vals = Author.objects.aggregate(Avg("age"))
+        self.assertEqual(vals, {"age__avg": Approximate(37.4, places=1)})
+
+    def test_multiple_aggregates(self):
+        vals = Author.objects.aggregate(Sum("age"), Avg("age"))
+        self.assertEqual(vals, {"age__sum": 337, "age__avg": Approximate(37.4, places=1)})
+
+    def test_filter_aggregate(self):
+        vals = Author.objects.filter(age__gt=29).aggregate(Sum("age"))
+        self.assertEqual(len(vals), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(vals["age__sum"], 254)
+
+    def test_related_aggregate(self):
+        vals = Author.objects.aggregate(Avg("friends__age"))
+        self.assertEqual(len(vals), 1)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(vals["friends__age__avg"], 34.07, places=2)
+
+        vals = Book.objects.filter(rating__lt=4.5).aggregate(Avg("authors__age"))
+        self.assertEqual(len(vals), 1)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(vals["authors__age__avg"], 38.2857, places=2)
+
+        vals = Author.objects.all().filter(name__contains="a").aggregate(Avg("book__rating"))
+        self.assertEqual(len(vals), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(vals["book__rating__avg"], 4.0)
+
+        vals = Book.objects.aggregate(Sum("publisher__num_awards"))
+        self.assertEqual(len(vals), 1)
+        self.assertEquals(vals["publisher__num_awards__sum"], 30)
+
+        vals = Publisher.objects.aggregate(Sum("book__price"))
+        self.assertEqual(len(vals), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(vals["book__price__sum"], Decimal("270.27"))
+
+    def test_aggregate_multi_join(self):
+        vals = Store.objects.aggregate(Max("books__authors__age"))
+        self.assertEqual(len(vals), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(vals["books__authors__age__max"], 57)
+
+        vals = Author.objects.aggregate(Min("book__publisher__num_awards"))
+        self.assertEqual(len(vals), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(vals["book__publisher__num_awards__min"], 1)
+
+    def test_aggregate_alias(self):
+        vals = Store.objects.filter(name="Amazon.com").aggregate(amazon_mean=Avg("books__rating"))
+        self.assertEqual(len(vals), 1)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(vals["amazon_mean"], 4.08, places=2)
+
+    def test_annotate_basic(self):
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            Book.objects.annotate().order_by('pk'), [
+                "The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right",
+                "Sams Teach Yourself Django in 24 Hours",
+                "Practical Django Projects",
+                "Python Web Development with Django",
+                "Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach",
+                "Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp"
+            ],
+            lambda b: b.name
+        )
+
+        books = Book.objects.annotate(mean_age=Avg("authors__age"))
+        b = books.get(pk=1)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            b.name,
+            u'The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right'
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(b.mean_age, 34.5)
+
+    def test_annotate_m2m(self):
+        books = Book.objects.filter(rating__lt=4.5).annotate(Avg("authors__age")).order_by("name")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            books, [
+                (u'Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach', 51.5),
+                (u'Practical Django Projects', 29.0),
+                (u'Python Web Development with Django', Approximate(30.3, places=1)),
+                (u'Sams Teach Yourself Django in 24 Hours', 45.0)
+            ],
+            lambda b: (b.name, b.authors__age__avg),
+        )
+
+        books = Book.objects.annotate(num_authors=Count("authors")).order_by("name")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            books, [
+                (u'Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach', 2),
+                (u'Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp', 1),
+                (u'Practical Django Projects', 1),
+                (u'Python Web Development with Django', 3),
+                (u'Sams Teach Yourself Django in 24 Hours', 1),
+                (u'The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right', 2)
+            ],
+            lambda b: (b.name, b.num_authors)
+        )
+
+    def test_backwards_m2m_annotate(self):
+        authors = Author.objects.filter(name__contains="a").annotate(Avg("book__rating")).order_by("name")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            authors, [
+                (u'Adrian Holovaty', 4.5),
+                (u'Brad Dayley', 3.0),
+                (u'Jacob Kaplan-Moss', 4.5),
+                (u'James Bennett', 4.0),
+                (u'Paul Bissex', 4.0),
+                (u'Stuart Russell', 4.0)
+            ],
+            lambda a: (a.name, a.book__rating__avg)
+        )
+
+        authors = Author.objects.annotate(num_books=Count("book")).order_by("name")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            authors, [
+                (u'Adrian Holovaty', 1),
+                (u'Brad Dayley', 1),
+                (u'Jacob Kaplan-Moss', 1),
+                (u'James Bennett', 1),
+                (u'Jeffrey Forcier', 1),
+                (u'Paul Bissex', 1),
+                (u'Peter Norvig', 2),
+                (u'Stuart Russell', 1),
+                (u'Wesley J. Chun', 1)
+            ],
+            lambda a: (a.name, a.num_books)
+        )
+
+    def test_reverse_fkey_annotate(self):
+        books = Book.objects.annotate(Sum("publisher__num_awards")).order_by("name")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            books, [
+                (u'Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach', 7),
+                (u'Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp', 9),
+                (u'Practical Django Projects', 3),
+                (u'Python Web Development with Django', 7),
+                (u'Sams Teach Yourself Django in 24 Hours', 1),
+                (u'The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right', 3)
+            ],
+            lambda b: (b.name, b.publisher__num_awards__sum)
+        )
+
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.annotate(Sum("book__price")).order_by("name")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            publishers, [
+                (u'Apress', Decimal("59.69")),
+                (u"Jonno's House of Books", None),
+                (u'Morgan Kaufmann', Decimal("75.00")),
+                (u'Prentice Hall', Decimal("112.49")),
+                (u'Sams', Decimal("23.09"))
+            ],
+            lambda p: (p.name, p.book__price__sum)
+        )
+
+    def test_annotate_values(self):
+        books = list(Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg("authors__age")).values())
+        self.assertEqual(
+            books, [
+                {
+                    "contact_id": 1,
+                    "id": 1,
+                    "isbn": "159059725",
+                    "mean_age": 34.5,
+                    "name": "The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right",
+                    "pages": 447,
+                    "price": Approximate(Decimal("30")),
+                    "pubdate": datetime.date(2007, 12, 6),
+                    "publisher_id": 1,
+                    "rating": 4.5,
+                }
+            ]
+        )
+
+        books = Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg('authors__age')).values('pk', 'isbn', 'mean_age')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(books), [
+                {
+                    "pk": 1,
+                    "isbn": "159059725",
+                    "mean_age": 34.5,
+                }
+            ]
+        )
+
+        books = Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg("authors__age")).values("name")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(books), [
+                {
+                    "name": "The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right"
+                }
+            ]
+        )
+
+        books = Book.objects.filter(pk=1).values().annotate(mean_age=Avg('authors__age'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(books), [
+                {
+                    "contact_id": 1,
+                    "id": 1,
+                    "isbn": "159059725",
+                    "mean_age": 34.5,
+                    "name": "The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right",
+                    "pages": 447,
+                    "price": Approximate(Decimal("30")),
+                    "pubdate": datetime.date(2007, 12, 6),
+                    "publisher_id": 1,
+                    "rating": 4.5,
+                }
+            ]
+        )
+
+        books = Book.objects.values("rating").annotate(n_authors=Count("authors__id"), mean_age=Avg("authors__age")).order_by("rating")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(books), [
+                {
+                    "rating": 3.0,
+                    "n_authors": 1,
+                    "mean_age": 45.0,
+                },
+                {
+                    "rating": 4.0,
+                    "n_authors": 6,
+                    "mean_age": Approximate(37.16, places=1)
+                },
+                {
+                    "rating": 4.5,
+                    "n_authors": 2,
+                    "mean_age": 34.5,
+                },
+                {
+                    "rating": 5.0,
+                    "n_authors": 1,
+                    "mean_age": 57.0,
+                }
+            ]
+        )
+
+        authors = Author.objects.annotate(Avg("friends__age")).order_by("name")
+        self.assertEqual(len(authors), 9)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            authors, [
+                (u'Adrian Holovaty', 32.0),
+                (u'Brad Dayley', None),
+                (u'Jacob Kaplan-Moss', 29.5),
+                (u'James Bennett', 34.0),
+                (u'Jeffrey Forcier', 27.0),
+                (u'Paul Bissex', 31.0),
+                (u'Peter Norvig', 46.0),
+                (u'Stuart Russell', 57.0),
+                (u'Wesley J. Chun', Approximate(33.66, places=1))
+            ],
+            lambda a: (a.name, a.friends__age__avg)
+        )
+
+    def test_count(self):
+        vals = Book.objects.aggregate(Count("rating"))
+        self.assertEqual(vals, {"rating__count": 6})
+
+        vals = Book.objects.aggregate(Count("rating", distinct=True))
+        self.assertEqual(vals, {"rating__count": 4})
+
+    def test_fkey_aggregate(self):
+        explicit = list(Author.objects.annotate(Count('book__id')))
+        implicit = list(Author.objects.annotate(Count('book')))
+        self.assertEqual(explicit, implicit)
+
+    def test_annotate_ordering(self):
+        books = Book.objects.values('rating').annotate(oldest=Max('authors__age')).order_by('oldest', 'rating')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(books), [
+                {
+                    "rating": 4.5,
+                    "oldest": 35,
+                },
+                {
+                    "rating": 3.0,
+                    "oldest": 45
+                },
+                {
+                    "rating": 4.0,
+                    "oldest": 57,
+                },
+                {
+                    "rating": 5.0,
+                    "oldest": 57,
+                }
+            ]
+        )
+
+        books = Book.objects.values("rating").annotate(oldest=Max("authors__age")).order_by("-oldest", "-rating")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(books), [
+                {
+                    "rating": 5.0,
+                    "oldest": 57,
+                },
+                {
+                    "rating": 4.0,
+                    "oldest": 57,
+                },
+                {
+                    "rating": 3.0,
+                    "oldest": 45,
+                },
+                {
+                    "rating": 4.5,
+                    "oldest": 35,
+                }
+            ]
+        )
+
+    def test_aggregate_annotation(self):
+        vals = Book.objects.annotate(num_authors=Count("authors__id")).aggregate(Avg("num_authors"))
+        self.assertEqual(vals, {"num_authors__avg": Approximate(1.66, places=1)})
+
+    def test_filtering(self):
+        p = Publisher.objects.create(name='Expensive Publisher', num_awards=0)
+        Book.objects.create(
+            name='ExpensiveBook1',
+            pages=1,
+            isbn='111',
+            rating=3.5,
+            price=Decimal("1000"),
+            publisher=p,
+            contact_id=1,
+            pubdate=datetime.date(2008,12,1)
+        )
+        Book.objects.create(
+            name='ExpensiveBook2',
+            pages=1,
+            isbn='222',
+            rating=4.0,
+            price=Decimal("1000"),
+            publisher=p,
+            contact_id=1,
+            pubdate=datetime.date(2008,12,2)
+        )
+        Book.objects.create(
+            name='ExpensiveBook3',
+            pages=1,
+            isbn='333',
+            rating=4.5,
+            price=Decimal("35"),
+            publisher=p,
+            contact_id=1,
+            pubdate=datetime.date(2008,12,3)
+        )
+
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count("book__id")).filter(num_books__gt=1).order_by("pk")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            publishers, [
+                "Apress",
+                "Prentice Hall",
+                "Expensive Publisher",
+            ],
+            lambda p: p.name,
+        )
+
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.filter(book__price__lt=Decimal("40.0")).order_by("pk")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            publishers, [
+                "Apress",
+                "Apress",
+                "Sams",
+                "Prentice Hall",
+                "Expensive Publisher",
+            ],
+            lambda p: p.name
+        )
+
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count("book__id")).filter(num_books__gt=1, book__price__lt=Decimal("40.0")).order_by("pk")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            publishers, [
+                "Apress",
+                "Prentice Hall",
+                "Expensive Publisher",
+            ],
+            lambda p: p.name,
+        )
+
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.filter(book__price__lt=Decimal("40.0")).annotate(num_books=Count("book__id")).filter(num_books__gt=1).order_by("pk")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            publishers, [
+                "Apress",
+            ],
+            lambda p: p.name
+        )
+
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count("book")).filter(num_books__range=[1, 3]).order_by("pk")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            publishers, [
+                "Apress",
+                "Sams",
+                "Prentice Hall",
+                "Morgan Kaufmann",
+                "Expensive Publisher",
+            ],
+            lambda p: p.name
+        )
+
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count("book")).filter(num_books__range=[1, 2]).order_by("pk")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            publishers, [
+                "Apress",
+                "Sams",
+                "Prentice Hall",
+                "Morgan Kaufmann",
+            ],
+            lambda p: p.name
+        )
+
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count("book")).filter(num_books__in=[1, 3]).order_by("pk")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            publishers, [
+                "Sams",
+                "Morgan Kaufmann",
+                "Expensive Publisher",
+            ],
+            lambda p: p.name,
+        )
+
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count("book")).filter(num_books__isnull=True)
+        self.assertEqual(len(publishers), 0)
+
+    def test_annotation(self):
+        vals = Author.objects.filter(pk=1).aggregate(Count("friends__id"))
+        self.assertEqual(vals, {"friends__id__count": 2})
+
+        books = Book.objects.annotate(num_authors=Count("authors__name")).filter(num_authors__ge=2).order_by("pk")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            books, [
+                "The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right",
+                "Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach",
+            ],
+            lambda b: b.name
+        )
+
+        authors = Author.objects.annotate(num_friends=Count("friends__id", distinct=True)).filter(num_friends=0).order_by("pk")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            authors, [
+                "Brad Dayley",
+            ],
+            lambda a: a.name
+        )
+
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count("book__id")).filter(num_books__gt=1).order_by("pk")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            publishers, [
+                "Apress",
+                "Prentice Hall",
+            ],
+            lambda p: p.name
+        )
+
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.filter(book__price__lt=Decimal("40.0")).annotate(num_books=Count("book__id")).filter(num_books__gt=1)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            publishers, [
+                "Apress",
+            ],
+            lambda p: p.name
+        )
+
+        books = Book.objects.annotate(num_authors=Count("authors__id")).filter(authors__name__contains="Norvig", num_authors__gt=1)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            books, [
+                "Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach",
+            ],
+            lambda b: b.name
+        )
+
+    def test_more_aggregation(self):
+        a = Author.objects.get(name__contains='Norvig')
+        b = Book.objects.get(name__contains='Done Right')
+        b.authors.add(a)
+        b.save()
+
+        vals = Book.objects.annotate(num_authors=Count("authors__id")).filter(authors__name__contains="Norvig", num_authors__gt=1).aggregate(Avg("rating"))
+        self.assertEqual(vals, {"rating__avg": 4.25})
+
+    def test_even_more_aggregate(self):
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.annotate(earliest_book=Min("book__pubdate")).exclude(earliest_book=None).order_by("earliest_book").values()
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(publishers), [
+                {
+                    'earliest_book': datetime.date(1991, 10, 15),
+                    'num_awards': 9,
+                    'id': 4,
+                    'name': u'Morgan Kaufmann'
+                },
+                {
+                    'earliest_book': datetime.date(1995, 1, 15),
+                    'num_awards': 7,
+                    'id': 3,
+                    'name': u'Prentice Hall'
+                },
+                {
+                    'earliest_book': datetime.date(2007, 12, 6),
+                    'num_awards': 3,
+                    'id': 1,
+                    'name': u'Apress'
+                },
+                {
+                    'earliest_book': datetime.date(2008, 3, 3),
+                    'num_awards': 1,
+                    'id': 2,
+                    'name': u'Sams'
+                }
+            ]
+        )
+
+        vals = Store.objects.aggregate(Max("friday_night_closing"), Min("original_opening"))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            vals,
+            {
+                "friday_night_closing__max": datetime.time(23, 59, 59),
+                "original_opening__min": datetime.datetime(1945, 4, 25, 16, 24, 14),
+            }
+        )
+
+    def test_annotate_values_list(self):
+        books = Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg("authors__age")).values_list("pk", "isbn", "mean_age")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(books), [
+                (1, "159059725", 34.5),
+            ]
+        )
+
+        books = Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg("authors__age")).values_list("isbn")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(books), [
+                ('159059725',)
+            ]
+        )
+
+        books = Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg("authors__age")).values_list("mean_age")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(books), [
+                (34.5,)
+            ]
+        )
+
+        books = Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg("authors__age")).values_list("mean_age", flat=True)
+        self.assertEqual(list(books), [34.5])
+
+        books = Book.objects.values_list("price").annotate(count=Count("price")).order_by("-count", "price")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(books), [
+                (Decimal("29.69"), 2),
+                (Decimal('23.09'), 1),
+                (Decimal('30'), 1),
+                (Decimal('75'), 1),
+                (Decimal('82.8'), 1),
+            ]
+        )
diff --git a/tests/modeltests/fixtures/models.py b/tests/modeltests/fixtures/models.py
index 46e07a5e6b..216a8e2502 100644
--- a/tests/modeltests/fixtures/models.py
+++ b/tests/modeltests/fixtures/models.py
@@ -90,230 +90,3 @@ class Book(models.Model):
 
     class Meta:
         ordering = ('name',)
-
-__test__ = {'API_TESTS': """
->>> from django.core import management
->>> from django.db.models import get_app
-
-# Reset the database representation of this app.
-# This will return the database to a clean initial state.
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Syncdb introduces 1 initial data object from initial_data.json.
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# Load fixture 1. Single JSON file, with two objects.
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture1.json', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Time to reform copyright>, <Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]
-
-# Try just dumping the contents of fixtures.Category
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.Category', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}]
-
-# ...and just fixtures.Article
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.Article', format='json')
-[{"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]
-
-# ...and both
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.Category', 'fixtures.Article', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]
-
-# Specify a specific model twice
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.Article', 'fixtures.Article', format='json')
-[{"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]
-
-# Specify a dump that specifies Article both explicitly and implicitly
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.Article', 'fixtures', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]
-
-# Same again, but specify in the reverse order
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures', 'fixtures.Article', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]
-
-# Specify one model from one application, and an entire other application.
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.Category', 'sites', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "sites.site", "fields": {"domain": "example.com", "name": "example.com"}}]
-
-# Load fixture 2. JSON file imported by default. Overwrites some existing objects
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture2.json', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Django conquers world!>, <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>, <Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# Load fixture 3, XML format.
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture3.xml', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: XML identified as leading cause of cancer>, <Article: Django conquers world!>, <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>, <Article: Poker on TV is great!>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# Load fixture 6, JSON file with dynamic ContentType fields. Testing ManyToOne.
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture6.json', verbosity=0)
->>> Tag.objects.all()
-[<Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "copyright">, <Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "law">]
-
-# Load fixture 7, XML file with dynamic ContentType fields. Testing ManyToOne.
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture7.xml', verbosity=0)
->>> Tag.objects.all()
-[<Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "copyright">, <Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "legal">, <Tag: <Article: Django conquers world!> tagged "django">, <Tag: <Article: Django conquers world!> tagged "world domination">]
-
-# Load fixture 8, JSON file with dynamic Permission fields. Testing ManyToMany.
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture8.json', verbosity=0)
->>> Visa.objects.all()
-[<Visa: Django Reinhardt Can add user, Can change user, Can delete user>, <Visa: Stephane Grappelli Can add user>, <Visa: Prince >]
-
-# Load fixture 9, XML file with dynamic Permission fields. Testing ManyToMany.
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture9.xml', verbosity=0)
->>> Visa.objects.all()
-[<Visa: Django Reinhardt Can add user, Can change user, Can delete user>, <Visa: Stephane Grappelli Can add user, Can delete user>, <Visa: Artist formerly known as "Prince" Can change user>]
-
->>> Book.objects.all()
-[<Book: Music for all ages by Artist formerly known as "Prince" and Django Reinhardt>]
-
-# Load a fixture that doesn't exist
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'unknown.json', verbosity=0)
-
-# object list is unaffected
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: XML identified as leading cause of cancer>, <Article: Django conquers world!>, <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>, <Article: Poker on TV is great!>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# By default, you get raw keys on dumpdata
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.book', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.book", "fields": {"name": "Music for all ages", "authors": [3, 1]}}]
-
-# But you can get natural keys if you ask for them and they are available
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.book', format='json', use_natural_keys=True)
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.book", "fields": {"name": "Music for all ages", "authors": [["Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""], ["Django Reinhardt"]]}}]
-
-# Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures', format='json', use_natural_keys=True)
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 5, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "XML identified as leading cause of cancer", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 16:00:00"}}, {"pk": 4, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Django conquers world!", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 15:00:00"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Copyright is fine the way it is", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 14:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker on TV is great!", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "copyright", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "legal", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "django", "tagged_id": 4}}, {"pk": 4, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "world domination", "tagged_id": 4}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Django Reinhardt"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Stephane Grappelli"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.visa", "fields": {"person": ["Django Reinhardt"], "permissions": [["add_user", "auth", "user"], ["change_user", "auth", "user"], ["delete_user", "auth", "user"]]}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.visa", "fields": {"person": ["Stephane Grappelli"], "permissions": [["add_user", "auth", "user"], ["delete_user", "auth", "user"]]}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.visa", "fields": {"person": ["Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""], "permissions": [["change_user", "auth", "user"]]}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.book", "fields": {"name": "Music for all ages", "authors": [["Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""], ["Django Reinhardt"]]}}]
-
-# Dump the current contents of the database as an XML fixture
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures', format='xml', use_natural_keys=True)
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<django-objects version="1.0"><object pk="1" model="fixtures.category"><field type="CharField" name="title">News Stories</field><field type="TextField" name="description">Latest news stories</field></object><object pk="5" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">XML identified as leading cause of cancer</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 16:00:00</field></object><object pk="4" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Django conquers world!</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 15:00:00</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Copyright is fine the way it is</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 14:00:00</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Poker on TV is great!</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 11:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Python program becomes self aware</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 11:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">copyright</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">legal</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">django</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">4</field></object><object pk="4" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">world domination</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">4</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Artist formerly known as "Prince"</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Django Reinhardt</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Stephane Grappelli</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.visa"><field to="fixtures.person" name="person" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>Django Reinhardt</natural></field><field to="auth.permission" name="permissions" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>add_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object><object><natural>change_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object><object><natural>delete_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object></field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.visa"><field to="fixtures.person" name="person" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>Stephane Grappelli</natural></field><field to="auth.permission" name="permissions" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>add_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object><object><natural>delete_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object></field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.visa"><field to="fixtures.person" name="person" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>Artist formerly known as "Prince"</natural></field><field to="auth.permission" name="permissions" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>change_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object></field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.book"><field type="CharField" name="name">Music for all ages</field><field to="fixtures.person" name="authors" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>Artist formerly known as "Prince"</natural></object><object><natural>Django Reinhardt</natural></object></field></object></django-objects>
-
-"""}
-
-# Database flushing does not work on MySQL with the default storage engine
-# because it requires transaction support.
-if settings.DATABASES[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS]['ENGINE'] != 'django.db.backends.mysql':
-    __test__['API_TESTS'] += \
-"""
-# Reset the database representation of this app. This will delete all data.
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# Load fixture 1 again, using format discovery
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture1', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Time to reform copyright>, <Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# Try to load fixture 2 using format discovery; this will fail
-# because there are two fixture2's in the fixtures directory
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture2', verbosity=0) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
-Multiple fixtures named 'fixture2' in '...fixtures'. Aborting.
-
-# object list is unaffected
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Time to reform copyright>, <Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]
-
-# Load fixture 4 (compressed), using format discovery
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture4', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Django pets kitten>, <Article: Time to reform copyright>, <Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Load fixture 4 (compressed), using format specification
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture4.json', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Django pets kitten>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Load fixture 5 (compressed), using format *and* compression specification
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture5.json.zip', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: WoW subscribers now outnumber readers>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Load fixture 5 (compressed), only compression specification
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture5.zip', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: WoW subscribers now outnumber readers>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Try to load fixture 5 using format and compression discovery; this will fail
-# because there are two fixture5's in the fixtures directory
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture5', verbosity=0) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
-Multiple fixtures named 'fixture5' in '...fixtures'. Aborting.
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Load db fixtures 1 and 2. These will load using the 'default' database identifier implicitly
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_1', verbosity=0)
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_2', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Who needs more than one database?>, <Article: Who needs to use compressed data?>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Load db fixtures 1 and 2. These will load using the 'default' database identifier explicitly
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_1', verbosity=0, using='default')
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_2', verbosity=0, using='default')
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Who needs more than one database?>, <Article: Who needs to use compressed data?>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Try to load db fixture 3. This won't load because the database identifier doesn't match
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_3', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_3', verbosity=0, using='default')
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Load back in fixture 1, we need the articles from it
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture1', verbosity=0)
-
-# Try to load fixture 6 using format discovery
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture6', verbosity=0)
->>> Tag.objects.all()
-[<Tag: <Article: Time to reform copyright> tagged "copyright">, <Tag: <Article: Time to reform copyright> tagged "law">]
-
-# Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures', format='json', use_natural_keys=True)
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "copyright", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "law", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Django Reinhardt"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Prince"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Stephane Grappelli"}}]
-
-# Dump the current contents of the database as an XML fixture
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures', format='xml', use_natural_keys=True)
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<django-objects version="1.0"><object pk="1" model="fixtures.category"><field type="CharField" name="title">News Stories</field><field type="TextField" name="description">Latest news stories</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Time to reform copyright</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 13:00:00</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Poker has no place on ESPN</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 12:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Python program becomes self aware</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 11:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">copyright</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">law</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Django Reinhardt</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Prince</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Stephane Grappelli</field></object></django-objects>
-
-"""
-
-from django.test import TestCase
-
-class SampleTestCase(TestCase):
-    fixtures = ['fixture1.json', 'fixture2.json']
-
-    def testClassFixtures(self):
-        "Check that test case has installed 4 fixture objects"
-        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.count(), 4)
-        self.assertEquals(str(Article.objects.all()), "[<Article: Django conquers world!>, <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>, <Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]")
diff --git a/tests/modeltests/fixtures/tests.py b/tests/modeltests/fixtures/tests.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4facc6dee9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/modeltests/fixtures/tests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+import StringIO
+import sys
+
+from django.test import TestCase, TransactionTestCase
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.core import management
+from django.db import DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
+
+from models import Article, Blog, Book, Category, Person, Tag, Visa
+
+class TestCaseFixtureLoadingTests(TestCase):
+    fixtures = ['fixture1.json', 'fixture2.json']
+
+    def testClassFixtures(self):
+        "Check that test case has installed 4 fixture objects"
+        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.count(), 4)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Django conquers world!>',
+            '<Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>',
+            '<Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+class FixtureLoadingTests(TestCase):
+
+    def _dumpdata_assert(self, args, output, format='json', natural_keys=False):
+        new_io = StringIO.StringIO()
+        management.call_command('dumpdata', *args, **{'format':format, 'stdout':new_io, 'use_natural_keys':natural_keys})
+        command_output = new_io.getvalue().strip()
+        self.assertEqual(command_output, output)
+
+    def test_initial_data(self):
+        # Syncdb introduces 1 initial data object from initial_data.json.
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+    def test_loading_and_dumping(self):
+        new_io = StringIO.StringIO()
+
+        # Load fixture 1. Single JSON file, with two objects.
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture1.json', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Time to reform copyright>',
+            '<Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+        # Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]')
+
+        # Try just dumping the contents of fixtures.Category
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.Category'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}]')
+
+        # ...and just fixtures.Article
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.Article'], '[{"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]')
+
+        # ...and both
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.Category', 'fixtures.Article'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]')
+
+        # Specify a specific model twice
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.Article', 'fixtures.Article'], '[{"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]')
+
+        # Specify a dump that specifies Article both explicitly and implicitly
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.Article', 'fixtures'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]')
+
+        # Same again, but specify in the reverse order
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]')
+
+        # Specify one model from one application, and an entire other application.
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.Category', 'sites'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "sites.site", "fields": {"domain": "example.com", "name": "example.com"}}]')
+
+        # Load fixture 2. JSON file imported by default. Overwrites some existing objects
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture2.json', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Django conquers world!>',
+            '<Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>',
+            '<Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+        # Load fixture 3, XML format.
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture3.xml', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: XML identified as leading cause of cancer>',
+            '<Article: Django conquers world!>',
+            '<Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>',
+            '<Article: Poker on TV is great!>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+        # Load fixture 6, JSON file with dynamic ContentType fields. Testing ManyToOne.
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture6.json', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Tag.objects.all(), [
+            '<Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "copyright">',
+            '<Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "law">'
+        ])
+
+        # Load fixture 7, XML file with dynamic ContentType fields. Testing ManyToOne.
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture7.xml', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Tag.objects.all(), [
+            '<Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "copyright">',
+            '<Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "legal">',
+            '<Tag: <Article: Django conquers world!> tagged "django">',
+            '<Tag: <Article: Django conquers world!> tagged "world domination">'
+        ])
+
+        # Load fixture 8, JSON file with dynamic Permission fields. Testing ManyToMany.
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture8.json', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Visa.objects.all(), [
+            '<Visa: Django Reinhardt Can add user, Can change user, Can delete user>',
+            '<Visa: Stephane Grappelli Can add user>',
+            '<Visa: Prince >'
+        ])
+
+        # Load fixture 9, XML file with dynamic Permission fields. Testing ManyToMany.
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture9.xml', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Visa.objects.all(), [
+            '<Visa: Django Reinhardt Can add user, Can change user, Can delete user>',
+            '<Visa: Stephane Grappelli Can add user, Can delete user>',
+            '<Visa: Artist formerly known as "Prince" Can change user>'
+        ])
+
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.all(), [
+            '<Book: Music for all ages by Artist formerly known as "Prince" and Django Reinhardt>'
+        ])
+
+        # Load a fixture that doesn't exist
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'unknown.json', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+
+        # object list is unaffected
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: XML identified as leading cause of cancer>',
+            '<Article: Django conquers world!>',
+            '<Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>',
+            '<Article: Poker on TV is great!>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+        # By default, you get raw keys on dumpdata
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.book'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.book", "fields": {"name": "Music for all ages", "authors": [3, 1]}}]')
+
+        # But you can get natural keys if you ask for them and they are available
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.book'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.book", "fields": {"name": "Music for all ages", "authors": [["Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""], ["Django Reinhardt"]]}}]', natural_keys=True)
+
+        # Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 5, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "XML identified as leading cause of cancer", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 16:00:00"}}, {"pk": 4, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Django conquers world!", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 15:00:00"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Copyright is fine the way it is", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 14:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker on TV is great!", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "copyright", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "legal", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "django", "tagged_id": 4}}, {"pk": 4, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "world domination", "tagged_id": 4}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Django Reinhardt"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Stephane Grappelli"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.visa", "fields": {"person": ["Django Reinhardt"], "permissions": [["add_user", "auth", "user"], ["change_user", "auth", "user"], ["delete_user", "auth", "user"]]}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.visa", "fields": {"person": ["Stephane Grappelli"], "permissions": [["add_user", "auth", "user"], ["delete_user", "auth", "user"]]}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.visa", "fields": {"person": ["Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""], "permissions": [["change_user", "auth", "user"]]}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.book", "fields": {"name": "Music for all ages", "authors": [["Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""], ["Django Reinhardt"]]}}]', natural_keys=True)
+
+        # Dump the current contents of the database as an XML fixture
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures'], """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<django-objects version="1.0"><object pk="1" model="fixtures.category"><field type="CharField" name="title">News Stories</field><field type="TextField" name="description">Latest news stories</field></object><object pk="5" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">XML identified as leading cause of cancer</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 16:00:00</field></object><object pk="4" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Django conquers world!</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 15:00:00</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Copyright is fine the way it is</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 14:00:00</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Poker on TV is great!</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 11:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Python program becomes self aware</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 11:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">copyright</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">legal</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">django</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">4</field></object><object pk="4" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">world domination</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">4</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Artist formerly known as "Prince"</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Django Reinhardt</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Stephane Grappelli</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.visa"><field to="fixtures.person" name="person" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>Django Reinhardt</natural></field><field to="auth.permission" name="permissions" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>add_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object><object><natural>change_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object><object><natural>delete_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object></field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.visa"><field to="fixtures.person" name="person" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>Stephane Grappelli</natural></field><field to="auth.permission" name="permissions" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>add_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object><object><natural>delete_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object></field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.visa"><field to="fixtures.person" name="person" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>Artist formerly known as "Prince"</natural></field><field to="auth.permission" name="permissions" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>change_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object></field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.book"><field type="CharField" name="name">Music for all ages</field><field to="fixtures.person" name="authors" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>Artist formerly known as "Prince"</natural></object><object><natural>Django Reinhardt</natural></object></field></object></django-objects>""", format='xml', natural_keys=True)
+
+    def test_compress_format_loading(self):
+        # Load fixture 4 (compressed), using format specification
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture4.json', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Django pets kitten>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+    def test_compressed_specified_loading(self):
+        # Load fixture 5 (compressed), using format *and* compression specification
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture5.json.zip', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: WoW subscribers now outnumber readers>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+    def test_compressed_loading(self):
+        # Load fixture 5 (compressed), only compression specification
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture5.zip', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: WoW subscribers now outnumber readers>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+    def test_ambiguous_compressed_fixture(self):
+        # The name "fixture5" is ambigous, so loading it will raise an error
+        new_io = StringIO.StringIO()
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture5', verbosity=0, stderr=new_io, commit=False)
+        output = new_io.getvalue().strip().split('\n')
+        self.assertEqual(len(output), 1)
+        self.assertTrue(output[0].startswith("Multiple fixtures named 'fixture5'"))
+
+    def test_db_loading(self):
+        # Load db fixtures 1 and 2. These will load using the 'default' database identifier implicitly
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_1', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_2', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Who needs more than one database?>',
+            '<Article: Who needs to use compressed data?>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+    def test_loading_using(self):
+        # Load db fixtures 1 and 2. These will load using the 'default' database identifier explicitly
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_1', verbosity=0, using='default', commit=False)
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_2', verbosity=0, using='default', commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Who needs more than one database?>',
+            '<Article: Who needs to use compressed data?>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+    def test_unmatched_identifier_loading(self):
+        # Try to load db fixture 3. This won't load because the database identifier doesn't match
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_3', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_3', verbosity=0, using='default', commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+    def test_output_formats(self):
+        # Load back in fixture 1, we need the articles from it
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture1', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+
+        # Try to load fixture 6 using format discovery
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture6', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Tag.objects.all(), [
+            '<Tag: <Article: Time to reform copyright> tagged "copyright">',
+            '<Tag: <Article: Time to reform copyright> tagged "law">'
+        ])
+
+        # Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "copyright", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "law", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Django Reinhardt"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Prince"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Stephane Grappelli"}}]', natural_keys=True)
+
+        # Dump the current contents of the database as an XML fixture
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures'], """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<django-objects version="1.0"><object pk="1" model="fixtures.category"><field type="CharField" name="title">News Stories</field><field type="TextField" name="description">Latest news stories</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Time to reform copyright</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 13:00:00</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Poker has no place on ESPN</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 12:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Python program becomes self aware</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 11:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">copyright</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">law</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Django Reinhardt</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Prince</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Stephane Grappelli</field></object></django-objects>""", format='xml', natural_keys=True)
+
+if settings.DATABASES[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS]['ENGINE'] != 'django.db.backends.mysql':
+    class FixtureTransactionTests(TransactionTestCase):
+        def _dumpdata_assert(self, args, output, format='json'):
+            new_io = StringIO.StringIO()
+            management.call_command('dumpdata', *args, **{'format':format, 'stdout':new_io})
+            command_output = new_io.getvalue().strip()
+            self.assertEqual(command_output, output)
+
+        def test_format_discovery(self):
+            # Load fixture 1 again, using format discovery
+            management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture1', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+            self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+                '<Article: Time to reform copyright>',
+                '<Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>',
+                '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+            ])
+
+            # Try to load fixture 2 using format discovery; this will fail
+            # because there are two fixture2's in the fixtures directory
+            new_io = StringIO.StringIO()
+            management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture2', verbosity=0, stderr=new_io)
+            output = new_io.getvalue().strip().split('\n')
+            self.assertEqual(len(output), 1)
+            self.assertTrue(output[0].startswith("Multiple fixtures named 'fixture2'"))
+
+            # object list is unaffected
+            self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+                '<Article: Time to reform copyright>',
+                '<Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>',
+                '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+            ])
+
+            # Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
+            self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]')
+
+            # Load fixture 4 (compressed), using format discovery
+            management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture4', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+            self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+                '<Article: Django pets kitten>',
+                '<Article: Time to reform copyright>',
+                '<Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>',
+                '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+            ])
diff --git a/tests/modeltests/proxy_model_inheritance/tests.py b/tests/modeltests/proxy_model_inheritance/tests.py
index a07958a13b..d10d6a4ac1 100644
--- a/tests/modeltests/proxy_model_inheritance/tests.py
+++ b/tests/modeltests/proxy_model_inheritance/tests.py
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ class ProxyModelInheritanceTests(TransactionTestCase):
         settings.INSTALLED_APPS = ('app1', 'app2')
         map(load_app, settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
         call_command('syncdb', verbosity=0)
+        global ProxyModel, NiceModel
         from app1.models import ProxyModel
         from app2.models import NiceModel
-        global ProxyModel, NiceModel
 
     def tearDown(self):
         settings.INSTALLED_APPS = self.old_installed_apps
diff --git a/tests/regressiontests/backends/models.py b/tests/regressiontests/backends/models.py
index 423bead1ad..e3137f2710 100644
--- a/tests/regressiontests/backends/models.py
+++ b/tests/regressiontests/backends/models.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+from django.conf import settings
 from django.db import models
-from django.db import connection
+from django.db import connection, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
+
 
 class Square(models.Model):
     root = models.IntegerField()
@@ -8,6 +10,7 @@ class Square(models.Model):
     def __unicode__(self):
         return "%s ** 2 == %s" % (self.root, self.square)
 
+
 class Person(models.Model):
     first_name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
     last_name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
@@ -15,11 +18,25 @@ class Person(models.Model):
     def __unicode__(self):
         return u'%s %s' % (self.first_name, self.last_name)
 
+
 class SchoolClass(models.Model):
     year = models.PositiveIntegerField()
     day = models.CharField(max_length=9, blank=True)
     last_updated = models.DateTimeField()
 
+# Unfortunately, the following model breaks MySQL hard.
+# Until #13711 is fixed, this test can't be run under MySQL.
+if settings.DATABASES[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS]['ENGINE'] != 'django.db.backends.mysql':
+    class VeryLongModelNameZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ(models.Model):
+        class Meta:
+            # We need to use a short actual table name or
+            # we hit issue #8548 which we're not testing!
+            verbose_name = 'model_with_long_table_name'
+        primary_key_is_quite_long_zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
+        charfield_is_quite_long_zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz = models.CharField(max_length=100)
+        m2m_also_quite_long_zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz = models.ManyToManyField(Person,blank=True)
+
+
 qn = connection.ops.quote_name
 
 __test__ = {'API_TESTS': """
diff --git a/tests/regressiontests/backends/tests.py b/tests/regressiontests/backends/tests.py
index 6a26a608eb..ee3ccdc72f 100644
--- a/tests/regressiontests/backends/tests.py
+++ b/tests/regressiontests/backends/tests.py
@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 # Unit and doctests for specific database backends.
 import datetime
-import models
 import unittest
+
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.core import management
+from django.core.management.color import no_style
 from django.db import backend, connection, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
 from django.db.backends.signals import connection_created
-from django.conf import settings
 from django.test import TestCase
 
+from regressiontests.backends import models
+
 class Callproc(unittest.TestCase):
 
     def test_dbms_session(self):
@@ -76,6 +80,7 @@ class DateQuotingTest(TestCase):
         classes = models.SchoolClass.objects.filter(last_updated__day=20)
         self.assertEqual(len(classes), 1)
 
+
 class ParameterHandlingTest(TestCase):
     def test_bad_parameter_count(self):
         "An executemany call with too many/not enough parameters will raise an exception (Refs #12612)"
@@ -88,6 +93,50 @@ class ParameterHandlingTest(TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(Exception, cursor.executemany, query, [(1,2,3),])
         self.assertRaises(Exception, cursor.executemany, query, [(1,),])
 
+# Unfortunately, the following tests would be a good test to run on all
+# backends, but it breaks MySQL hard. Until #13711 is fixed, it can't be run
+# everywhere (although it would be an effective test of #13711).
+if settings.DATABASES[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS]['ENGINE'] != 'django.db.backends.mysql':
+    class LongNameTest(TestCase):
+        """Long primary keys and model names can result in a sequence name
+        that exceeds the database limits, which will result in truncation
+        on certain databases (e.g., Postgres). The backend needs to use
+        the correct sequence name in last_insert_id and other places, so
+        check it is. Refs #8901.
+        """
+
+        def test_sequence_name_length_limits_create(self):
+            """Test creation of model with long name and long pk name doesn't error. Ref #8901"""
+            models.VeryLongModelNameZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ.objects.create()
+
+        def test_sequence_name_length_limits_m2m(self):
+            """Test an m2m save of a model with a long name and a long m2m field name doesn't error as on Django >=1.2 this now uses object saves. Ref #8901"""
+            obj = models.VeryLongModelNameZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ.objects.create()
+            rel_obj = models.Person.objects.create(first_name='Django', last_name='Reinhardt')
+            obj.m2m_also_quite_long_zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz.add(rel_obj)
+
+        def test_sequence_name_length_limits_flush(self):
+            """Test that sequence resetting as part of a flush with model with long name and long pk name doesn't error. Ref #8901"""
+            # A full flush is expensive to the full test, so we dig into the
+            # internals to generate the likely offending SQL and run it manually
+
+            # Some convenience aliases
+            VLM = models.VeryLongModelNameZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ
+            VLM_m2m = VLM.m2m_also_quite_long_zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz.through
+            tables = [
+                VLM._meta.db_table,
+                VLM_m2m._meta.db_table,
+            ]
+            sequences = [
+                {
+                    'column': VLM._meta.pk.column,
+                    'table': VLM._meta.db_table
+                },
+            ]
+            cursor = connection.cursor()
+            for statement in connection.ops.sql_flush(no_style(), tables, sequences):
+                cursor.execute(statement)
+
 
 def connection_created_test(sender, **kwargs):
     print 'connection_created signal'
diff --git a/tests/regressiontests/httpwrappers/tests.py b/tests/regressiontests/httpwrappers/tests.py
index 132472ca37..23aa526a37 100644
--- a/tests/regressiontests/httpwrappers/tests.py
+++ b/tests/regressiontests/httpwrappers/tests.py
@@ -1,476 +1,228 @@
-"""
-###################
-# Empty QueryDict #
-###################
+import copy
+import pickle
+import unittest
+from django.http import QueryDict, HttpResponse, CompatCookie, BadHeaderError
 
->>> q = QueryDict('')
+class QueryDictTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_missing_key(self):
+        q = QueryDict('')
+        self.assertRaises(KeyError, q.__getitem__, 'foo')
 
->>> q['foo']
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-MultiValueDictKeyError: "Key 'foo' not found in <QueryDict: {}>"
+    def test_immutability(self):
+        q = QueryDict('')
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.__setitem__, 'something', 'bar')
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.setlist, 'foo', ['bar'])
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.appendlist, 'foo', ['bar'])
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.update, {'foo': 'bar'})
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.pop, 'foo')
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.popitem)
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.clear)
+        
+    def test_immutable_get_with_default(self):
+        q = QueryDict('')
+        self.assertEqual(q.get('foo', 'default'), 'default')
 
->>> q['something'] = 'bar'
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
+    def test_immutable_basic_operations(self):
+        q = QueryDict('')
+        self.assertEqual(q.getlist('foo'), [])
+        self.assertEqual(q.has_key('foo'), False)
+        self.assertEqual('foo' in q, False)
+        self.assertEqual(q.items(), [])
+        self.assertEqual(q.lists(), [])
+        self.assertEqual(q.items(), [])
+        self.assertEqual(q.keys(), [])
+        self.assertEqual(q.values(), [])
+        self.assertEqual(len(q), 0)
+        self.assertEqual(q.urlencode(), '')
+        
+    def test_single_key_value(self):
+        """Test QueryDict with one key/value pair"""
 
->>> q.get('foo', 'default')
-'default'
+        q = QueryDict('foo=bar')
+        self.assertEqual(q['foo'], 'bar')
+        self.assertRaises(KeyError, q.__getitem__, 'bar')
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.__setitem__, 'something', 'bar')
 
->>> q.getlist('foo')
-[]
+        self.assertEqual(q.get('foo', 'default'), 'bar')
+        self.assertEqual(q.get('bar', 'default'), 'default')
+        self.assertEqual(q.getlist('foo'), ['bar'])
+        self.assertEqual(q.getlist('bar'), [])
+        
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.setlist, 'foo', ['bar'])
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.appendlist, 'foo', ['bar'])
 
->>> q.setlist('foo', ['bar', 'baz'])
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
+        self.failUnless(q.has_key('foo'))
+        self.failUnless('foo' in q)
+        self.failIf(q.has_key('bar'))
+        self.failIf('bar' in q)
 
->>> q.appendlist('foo', ['bar'])
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
+        self.assertEqual(q.items(), [(u'foo', u'bar')])
+        self.assertEqual(q.lists(), [(u'foo', [u'bar'])])
+        self.assertEqual(q.keys(), ['foo'])
+        self.assertEqual(q.values(), ['bar'])
+        self.assertEqual(len(q), 1)
 
->>> q.has_key('foo')
-False
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.update, {'foo': 'bar'})
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.pop, 'foo')
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.popitem)
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.clear)
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.setdefault, 'foo', 'bar')
+        
+        self.assertEqual(q.urlencode(), 'foo=bar')
+        
+    def test_mutable_copy(self):
+        """A copy of a QueryDict is mutable."""
+        q = QueryDict('').copy()
+        self.assertRaises(KeyError, q.__getitem__, "foo")
+        q['name'] = 'john'
+        self.assertEqual(q['name'], 'john')
+        
+    def test_mutable_delete(self):
+        q = QueryDict('').copy()
+        q['name'] = 'john'
+        del q['name']
+        self.failIf('name' in q)
 
->>> 'foo' in q
-False
+    def test_basic_mutable_operations(self):
+        q = QueryDict('').copy()
+        q['name'] = 'john'
+        self.assertEqual(q.get('foo', 'default'), 'default')
+        self.assertEqual(q.get('name', 'default'), 'john')
+        self.assertEqual(q.getlist('name'), ['john'])
+        self.assertEqual(q.getlist('foo'), [])
 
->>> q.items()
-[]
+        q.setlist('foo', ['bar', 'baz'])
+        self.assertEqual(q.get('foo', 'default'), 'baz')
+        self.assertEqual(q.getlist('foo'), ['bar', 'baz'])
 
->>> q.lists()
-[]
+        q.appendlist('foo', 'another')
+        self.assertEqual(q.getlist('foo'), ['bar', 'baz', 'another'])
+        self.assertEqual(q['foo'], 'another')
+        self.failUnless(q.has_key('foo'))
+        self.failUnless('foo' in q)
 
->>> q.keys()
-[]
+        self.assertEqual(q.items(),  [(u'foo', u'another'), (u'name', u'john')])
+        self.assertEqual(q.lists(), [(u'foo', [u'bar', u'baz', u'another']), (u'name', [u'john'])])
+        self.assertEqual(q.keys(), [u'foo', u'name'])
+        self.assertEqual(q.values(), [u'another', u'john'])
+        self.assertEqual(len(q), 2)
 
->>> q.values()
-[]
+        q.update({'foo': 'hello'})
+        self.assertEqual(q['foo'], 'hello')
+        self.assertEqual(q.get('foo', 'not available'), 'hello')
+        self.assertEqual(q.getlist('foo'), [u'bar', u'baz', u'another', u'hello'])
+        self.assertEqual(q.pop('foo'), [u'bar', u'baz', u'another', u'hello'])
+        self.assertEqual(q.pop('foo', 'not there'), 'not there')
+        self.assertEqual(q.get('foo', 'not there'), 'not there')
+        self.assertEqual(q.setdefault('foo', 'bar'), 'bar')
+        self.assertEqual(q['foo'], 'bar')
+        self.assertEqual(q.getlist('foo'), ['bar'])
+        self.assertEqual(q.urlencode(), 'foo=bar&name=john')
 
->>> len(q)
-0
+        q.clear()
+        self.assertEqual(len(q), 0)
 
->>> q.update({'foo': 'bar'})
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
+    def test_multiple_keys(self):
+        """Test QueryDict with two key/value pairs with same keys."""
 
->>> q.pop('foo')
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
+        q = QueryDict('vote=yes&vote=no')
+        
+        self.assertEqual(q['vote'], u'no')
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.__setitem__, 'something', 'bar')
+                
+        self.assertEqual(q.get('vote', 'default'), u'no')
+        self.assertEqual(q.get('foo', 'default'), 'default')
+        self.assertEqual(q.getlist('vote'), [u'yes', u'no'])
+        self.assertEqual(q.getlist('foo'), [])
+        
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.setlist, 'foo', ['bar', 'baz'])
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.setlist, 'foo', ['bar', 'baz'])
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.appendlist, 'foo', ['bar'])
 
->>> q.popitem()
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
-
->>> q.clear()
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
-
->>> q.setdefault('foo', 'bar')
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
-
->>> q.urlencode()
-''
-
-###################################
-# Mutable copy of empty QueryDict #
-###################################
-
->>> q = q.copy()
-
->>> q['foo']
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-MultiValueDictKeyError: "Key 'foo' not found in <QueryDict: {}>"
-
->>> q['name'] = 'john'
-
->>> q['name']
-u'john'
-
->>> del q['name']
->>> 'name' in q
-False
-
->>> q['name'] = 'john'
-
->>> q.get('foo', 'default')
-'default'
-
->>> q.get('name', 'default')
-u'john'
-
->>> q.getlist('name')
-[u'john']
-
->>> q.getlist('foo')
-[]
-
->>> q.setlist('foo', ['bar', 'baz'])
-
->>> q.get('foo', 'default')
-u'baz'
-
->>> q.getlist('foo')
-[u'bar', u'baz']
-
->>> q.appendlist('foo', 'another')
-
->>> q.getlist('foo')
-[u'bar', u'baz', u'another']
-
->>> q['foo']
-u'another'
-
->>> q.has_key('foo')
-True
-
->>> 'foo' in q
-True
-
->>> q.items()
-[(u'foo', u'another'), (u'name', u'john')]
-
->>> q.lists()
-[(u'foo', [u'bar', u'baz', u'another']), (u'name', [u'john'])]
-
->>> q.keys()
-[u'foo', u'name']
-
->>> q.values()
-[u'another', u'john']
-
->>> len(q)
-2
-
->>> q.update({'foo': 'hello'})
-
-# Displays last value
->>> q['foo']
-u'hello'
-
->>> q.get('foo', 'not available')
-u'hello'
-
->>> q.getlist('foo')
-[u'bar', u'baz', u'another', u'hello']
-
->>> q.pop('foo')
-[u'bar', u'baz', u'another', u'hello']
-
->>> q.pop('foo', 'not there')
-'not there'
-
->>> q.get('foo', 'not there')
-'not there'
-
->>> q.setdefault('foo', 'bar')
-u'bar'
-
->>> q['foo']
-u'bar'
-
->>> q.getlist('foo')
-[u'bar']
-
->>> q.urlencode()
-'foo=bar&name=john'
-
->>> q.clear()
-
->>> len(q)
-0
-
-#####################################
-# QueryDict with one key/value pair #
-#####################################
-
->>> q = QueryDict('foo=bar')
-
->>> q['foo']
-u'bar'
-
->>> q['bar']
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-MultiValueDictKeyError: "Key 'bar' not found in <QueryDict: {u'foo': [u'bar']}>"
-
->>> q['something'] = 'bar'
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
-
->>> q.get('foo', 'default')
-u'bar'
-
->>> q.get('bar', 'default')
-'default'
-
->>> q.getlist('foo')
-[u'bar']
-
->>> q.getlist('bar')
-[]
-
->>> q.setlist('foo', ['bar', 'baz'])
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
-
->>> q.appendlist('foo', ['bar'])
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
-
->>> q.has_key('foo')
-True
-
->>> 'foo' in q
-True
-
->>> q.has_key('bar')
-False
-
->>> 'bar' in q
-False
-
->>> q.items()
-[(u'foo', u'bar')]
-
->>> q.lists()
-[(u'foo', [u'bar'])]
-
->>> q.keys()
-[u'foo']
-
->>> q.values()
-[u'bar']
-
->>> len(q)
-1
-
->>> q.update({'foo': 'bar'})
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
-
->>> q.pop('foo')
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
-
->>> q.popitem()
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
-
->>> q.clear()
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
-
->>> q.setdefault('foo', 'bar')
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
-
->>> q.urlencode()
-'foo=bar'
-
-#####################################################
-# QueryDict with two key/value pairs with same keys #
-#####################################################
-
->>> q = QueryDict('vote=yes&vote=no')
-
->>> q['vote']
-u'no'
-
->>> q['something'] = 'bar'
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
-
->>> q.get('vote', 'default')
-u'no'
-
->>> q.get('foo', 'default')
-'default'
-
->>> q.getlist('vote')
-[u'yes', u'no']
-
->>> q.getlist('foo')
-[]
-
->>> q.setlist('foo', ['bar', 'baz'])
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
-
->>> q.appendlist('foo', ['bar'])
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
-
->>> q.has_key('vote')
-True
-
->>> 'vote' in q
-True
-
->>> q.has_key('foo')
-False
-
->>> 'foo' in q
-False
-
->>> q.items()
-[(u'vote', u'no')]
-
->>> q.lists()
-[(u'vote', [u'yes', u'no'])]
-
->>> q.keys()
-[u'vote']
-
->>> q.values()
-[u'no']
-
->>> len(q)
-1
-
->>> q.update({'foo': 'bar'})
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
-
->>> q.pop('foo')
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
-
->>> q.popitem()
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
-
->>> q.clear()
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
-
->>> q.setdefault('foo', 'bar')
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
-
->>> q.urlencode()
-'vote=yes&vote=no'
-
->>> del q['vote']
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: This QueryDict instance is immutable
-
-# QueryDicts must be able to handle invalid input encoding (in this case, bad
-# UTF-8 encoding).
->>> q = QueryDict('foo=bar&foo=\xff')
-
->>> q['foo']
-u'\ufffd'
-
->>> q.getlist('foo')
-[u'bar', u'\ufffd']
-
-
-########################
-# Pickling a QueryDict #
-########################
->>> import pickle
->>> q = QueryDict('')
->>> q1 = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(q, 2))
->>> q == q1
-True
->>> q = QueryDict('a=b&c=d')
->>> q1 = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(q, 2))
->>> q == q1
-True
->>> q = QueryDict('a=b&c=d&a=1') 
->>> q1 = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(q, 2))
->>> q == q1 
-True
-
-######################################
-# HttpResponse with Unicode headers  #
-######################################
-
->>> r = HttpResponse()
-
-If we insert a unicode value it will be converted to an ascii
-string. This makes sure we comply with the HTTP specifications.
-
->>> r['value'] = u'test value'
->>> isinstance(r['value'], str)
-True
-
-An error is raised When a unicode object with non-ascii is assigned.
-
->>> r['value'] = u't\xebst value' # doctest:+ELLIPSIS
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-UnicodeEncodeError: ..., HTTP response headers must be in US-ASCII format
-
-The response also converts unicode keys to strings.
-
->>> r[u'test'] = 'testing key'
->>> l = list(r.items())
->>> l.sort()
->>> l[1]
-('test', 'testing key')
-
-It will also raise errors for keys with non-ascii data.
-
->>> r[u't\xebst'] = 'testing key'  # doctest:+ELLIPSIS
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-UnicodeEncodeError: ..., HTTP response headers must be in US-ASCII format
-
-# Bug #10188: Do not allow newlines in headers (CR or LF)
->>> r['test\\rstr'] = 'test'
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-BadHeaderError: Header values can't contain newlines (got 'test\\rstr')
-
->>> r['test\\nstr'] = 'test'
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-BadHeaderError: Header values can't contain newlines (got 'test\\nstr')
+        self.assertEqual(q.has_key('vote'), True)        
+        self.assertEqual('vote' in q, True)
+        self.assertEqual(q.has_key('foo'), False)
+        self.assertEqual('foo' in q, False)
+        self.assertEqual(q.items(), [(u'vote', u'no')])
+        self.assertEqual(q.lists(), [(u'vote', [u'yes', u'no'])])
+        self.assertEqual(q.keys(), [u'vote'])
+        self.assertEqual(q.values(), [u'no'])
+        self.assertEqual(len(q), 1)
+        
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.update, {'foo': 'bar'})
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.pop, 'foo')
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.popitem)
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.clear)
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.setdefault, 'foo', 'bar')
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, q.__delitem__, 'vote')
+        
+    def test_invalid_input_encoding(self):
+        """
+        QueryDicts must be able to handle invalid input encoding (in this
+        case, bad UTF-8 encoding).
+        """
+        q = QueryDict('foo=bar&foo=\xff')
+        self.assertEqual(q['foo'], u'\ufffd')        
+        self.assertEqual(q.getlist('foo'), [u'bar', u'\ufffd'])
+   
+    def test_pickle(self):
+        q = QueryDict('')
+        q1 = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(q, 2))
+        self.assertEqual(q == q1, True)
+        q = QueryDict('a=b&c=d')
+        q1 = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(q, 2))
+        self.assertEqual(q == q1, True)
+        q = QueryDict('a=b&c=d&a=1') 
+        q1 = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(q, 2))
+        self.assertEqual(q == q1 , True)
 
-#
-# Regression test for #8278: QueryDict.update(QueryDict)
-#
->>> x = QueryDict("a=1&a=2", mutable=True)
->>> y = QueryDict("a=3&a=4")
->>> x.update(y)
->>> x.getlist('a')
-[u'1', u'2', u'3', u'4']
-"""
+    def test_update_from_querydict(self):
+        """Regression test for #8278: QueryDict.update(QueryDict)"""
+        x = QueryDict("a=1&a=2", mutable=True)
+        y = QueryDict("a=3&a=4")
+        x.update(y)
+        self.assertEqual(x.getlist('a'), [u'1', u'2', u'3', u'4'])    
 
-from django.http import QueryDict, HttpResponse, CompatCookie
-from django.test import TestCase
+    def test_non_default_encoding(self):
+        """#13572 - QueryDict with a non-default encoding"""
+        q = QueryDict('sbb=one', encoding='rot_13') 
+        self.assertEqual(q.encoding , 'rot_13' )
+        self.assertEqual(q.items() , [(u'foo', u'bar')] )
+        self.assertEqual(q.urlencode() , 'sbb=one' )
+        q = q.copy() 
+        self.assertEqual(q.encoding , 'rot_13' )
+        self.assertEqual(q.items() , [(u'foo', u'bar')] )
+        self.assertEqual(q.urlencode() , 'sbb=one' )
+        self.assertEqual(copy.copy(q).encoding , 'rot_13' )
+        self.assertEqual(copy.deepcopy(q).encoding , 'rot_13')
+        
+class HttpResponseTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_unicode_headers(self):
+        r = HttpResponse()
 
+        # If we insert a unicode value it will be converted to an ascii
+        r['value'] = u'test value'
+        self.failUnless(isinstance(r['value'], str))
+        
+        # An error is raised When a unicode object with non-ascii is assigned.
+        self.assertRaises(UnicodeEncodeError, r.__setitem__, 'value', u't\xebst value')
+        
+        # The response also converts unicode keys to strings.)      
+        r[u'test'] = 'testing key'
+        l = list(r.items())
+        l.sort()
+        self.assertEqual(l[1], ('test', 'testing key'))
+        
+        # It will also raise errors for keys with non-ascii data.
+        self.assertRaises(UnicodeEncodeError, r.__setitem__, u't\xebst key', 'value')
 
-class Cookies(TestCase):
+    def test_newlines_in_headers(self):
+        # Bug #10188: Do not allow newlines in headers (CR or LF)
+        r = HttpResponse()
+        self.assertRaises(BadHeaderError, r.__setitem__, 'test\rstr', 'test')
+        self.assertRaises(BadHeaderError, r.__setitem__, 'test\nstr', 'test')
 
+class CookieTests(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_encode(self):
         """
         Test that we don't output tricky characters in encoded value
@@ -502,7 +254,3 @@ class Cookies(TestCase):
         c2 = CompatCookie()
         c2.load(c.output())
         self.assertEqual(c['test'].value, c2['test'].value)
-
-if __name__ == "__main__":
-    import doctest
-    doctest.testmod()
diff --git a/tests/regressiontests/m2m_through_regress/models.py b/tests/regressiontests/m2m_through_regress/models.py
index 56aecd6975..ec87985765 100644
--- a/tests/regressiontests/m2m_through_regress/models.py
+++ b/tests/regressiontests/m2m_through_regress/models.py
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 from datetime import datetime
+
 from django.contrib.auth.models import User
 from django.core import management
 from django.db import models
 
+
 # Forward declared intermediate model
 class Membership(models.Model):
     person = models.ForeignKey('Person')
@@ -51,159 +53,3 @@ class Through(ThroughBase):
 class B(models.Model):
     b_text = models.CharField(max_length=20)
     a_list = models.ManyToManyField(A, through=Through)
-
-
-__test__ = {'API_TESTS':"""
-# Create some dummy data
->>> bob = Person.objects.create(name='Bob')
->>> jim = Person.objects.create(name='Jim')
-
->>> rock = Group.objects.create(name='Rock')
->>> roll = Group.objects.create(name='Roll')
-
->>> frank = User.objects.create_user('frank','frank@example.com','password')
->>> jane = User.objects.create_user('jane','jane@example.com','password')
-
-# Now test that the forward declared Membership works
->>> Membership.objects.create(person=bob, group=rock)
-<Membership: Bob is a member of Rock>
-
->>> Membership.objects.create(person=bob, group=roll)
-<Membership: Bob is a member of Roll>
-
->>> Membership.objects.create(person=jim, group=rock)
-<Membership: Jim is a member of Rock>
-
->>> bob.group_set.all()
-[<Group: Rock>, <Group: Roll>]
-
->>> roll.members.all()
-[<Person: Bob>]
-
-# Error messages use the model name, not repr of the class name
->>> bob.group_set = []
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: Cannot set values on a ManyToManyField which specifies an intermediary model.  Use m2m_through_regress.Membership's Manager instead.
-
->>> roll.members = []
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: Cannot set values on a ManyToManyField which specifies an intermediary model.  Use m2m_through_regress.Membership's Manager instead.
-
->>> rock.members.create(name='Anne')
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: Cannot use create() on a ManyToManyField which specifies an intermediary model.  Use m2m_through_regress.Membership's Manager instead.
-
->>> bob.group_set.create(name='Funk')
-Traceback (most recent call last):
-...
-AttributeError: Cannot use create() on a ManyToManyField which specifies an intermediary model.  Use m2m_through_regress.Membership's Manager instead.
-
-# Now test that the intermediate with a relationship outside
-# the current app (i.e., UserMembership) workds
->>> UserMembership.objects.create(user=frank, group=rock)
-<UserMembership: frank is a user and member of Rock>
-
->>> UserMembership.objects.create(user=frank, group=roll)
-<UserMembership: frank is a user and member of Roll>
-
->>> UserMembership.objects.create(user=jane, group=rock)
-<UserMembership: jane is a user and member of Rock>
-
->>> frank.group_set.all()
-[<Group: Rock>, <Group: Roll>]
-
->>> roll.user_members.all()
-[<User: frank>]
-
-# Regression test for #8134 --
-# m2m-through models shouldn't be serialized as m2m fields on the model.
-
-# First, clean up a lot of objects we don't need.
-# The serialization test only requires three objects to work -
-# one for each end of the m2m, plus the through model.
-
->>> User.objects.all().delete()
->>> UserMembership.objects.all().delete()
->>> frank.delete()
->>> rock.delete()
->>> jim.delete()
-
-# Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'm2m_through_regress', format='json', indent=2)
-[
-  {
-    "pk": 2,
-    "model": "m2m_through_regress.membership",
-    "fields": {
-      "person": 1,
-      "price": 100,
-      "group": 2
-    }
-  },
-  {
-    "pk": 1,
-    "model": "m2m_through_regress.person",
-    "fields": {
-      "name": "Bob"
-    }
-  },
-  {
-    "pk": 2,
-    "model": "m2m_through_regress.group",
-    "fields": {
-      "name": "Roll"
-    }
-  }
-]
-
-# Check the XML serializer too, since it doesn't use the common implementation
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'm2m_through_regress', format='xml', indent=2)
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<django-objects version="1.0">
-  <object pk="2" model="m2m_through_regress.membership">
-    <field to="m2m_through_regress.person" name="person" rel="ManyToOneRel">1</field>
-    <field to="m2m_through_regress.group" name="group" rel="ManyToOneRel">2</field>
-    <field type="IntegerField" name="price">100</field>
-  </object>
-  <object pk="1" model="m2m_through_regress.person">
-    <field type="CharField" name="name">Bob</field>
-  </object>
-  <object pk="2" model="m2m_through_regress.group">
-    <field type="CharField" name="name">Roll</field>
-  </object>
-</django-objects>
-
-## Regression test for #8046:
-Check that we don't involve too many copies of the intermediate table when
-doing a join.
-
->>> bob = Person.objects.create(name='Bob')
->>> jim = Person.objects.create(name='Jim')
->>> rock = Group.objects.create(name='Rock')
->>> roll = Group.objects.create(name='Roll')
->>> _ = Membership.objects.create(person=bob, group=rock)
->>> _ = Membership.objects.create(person=jim, group=rock, price=50)
->>> _ = Membership.objects.create(person=bob, group=roll, price=50)
->>> rock.members.filter(membership__price=50)
-[<Person: Jim>]
-
-## Regression test for #8254
->>> bob.group_set.filter(membership__price=50)
-[<Group: Roll>]
-
-## Regression test for #9804
-# Flush the database, just to make sure we can.
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-## Regression test for #11107
-Ensure that sequences on m2m_through tables are being created for the through
-model, not for a phantom auto-generated m2m table.
-
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'm2m_through', verbosity=0)
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'm2m_through_regress', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "m2m_through_regress.usermembership", "fields": {"price": 100, "group": 1, "user": 1}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "m2m_through_regress.person", "fields": {"name": "Guido"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "m2m_through_regress.group", "fields": {"name": "Python Core Group"}}]
-
-"""}
diff --git a/tests/regressiontests/m2m_through_regress/tests.py b/tests/regressiontests/m2m_through_regress/tests.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..ff1d95020e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/regressiontests/m2m_through_regress/tests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+try:
+    from cStringIO import StringIO
+except ImportError:
+    from StringIO import StringIO
+
+from django.core import management
+from django.contrib.auth.models import User
+from django.test import TestCase
+
+from models import Person, Group, Membership, UserMembership
+
+
+class M2MThroughTestCase(TestCase):
+    def test_everything(self):
+        bob = Person.objects.create(name="Bob")
+        jim = Person.objects.create(name="Jim")
+
+        rock = Group.objects.create(name="Rock")
+        roll = Group.objects.create(name="Roll")
+
+        frank = User.objects.create_user("frank", "frank@example.com", "password")
+        jane = User.objects.create_user("jane", "jane@example.com", "password")
+
+        Membership.objects.create(person=bob, group=rock)
+        Membership.objects.create(person=bob, group=roll)
+        Membership.objects.create(person=jim, group=rock)
+
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            bob.group_set.all(), [
+                "<Group: Rock>",
+                "<Group: Roll>",
+            ]
+        )
+
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            roll.members.all(), [
+                "<Person: Bob>",
+            ]
+        )
+
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, bob, "group_set", [])
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, setattr, roll, "members", [])
+
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, rock.members.create, name="Anne")
+        self.assertRaises(AttributeError, bob.group_set.create, name="Funk")
+
+        UserMembership.objects.create(user=frank, group=rock)
+        UserMembership.objects.create(user=frank, group=roll)
+        UserMembership.objects.create(user=jane, group=rock)
+
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            frank.group_set.all(), [
+                "<Group: Rock>",
+                "<Group: Roll>",
+            ]
+        )
+
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            roll.user_members.all(), [
+                "<User: frank>",
+            ]
+        )
+
+    def test_serialization(self):
+        "m2m-through models aren't serialized as m2m fields. Refs #8134"
+
+        p = Person.objects.create(name="Bob")
+        g = Group.objects.create(name="Roll")
+        Membership.objects.create(person=p, group=g)
+
+        out = StringIO()
+        management.call_command("dumpdata", "m2m_through_regress", format="json", stdout=out)
+        self.assertEqual(out.getvalue().strip(), """[{"pk": 1, "model": "m2m_through_regress.membership", "fields": {"person": 1, "price": 100, "group": 1}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "m2m_through_regress.person", "fields": {"name": "Bob"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "m2m_through_regress.group", "fields": {"name": "Roll"}}]""")
+
+        out = StringIO()
+        management.call_command("dumpdata", "m2m_through_regress", format="xml",
+            indent=2, stdout=out)
+        self.assertEqual(out.getvalue().strip(), """
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<django-objects version="1.0">
+  <object pk="1" model="m2m_through_regress.membership">
+    <field to="m2m_through_regress.person" name="person" rel="ManyToOneRel">1</field>
+    <field to="m2m_through_regress.group" name="group" rel="ManyToOneRel">1</field>
+    <field type="IntegerField" name="price">100</field>
+  </object>
+  <object pk="1" model="m2m_through_regress.person">
+    <field type="CharField" name="name">Bob</field>
+  </object>
+  <object pk="1" model="m2m_through_regress.group">
+    <field type="CharField" name="name">Roll</field>
+  </object>
+</django-objects>
+        """.strip())
+
+    def test_join_trimming(self):
+        "Check that we don't involve too many copies of the intermediate table when doing a join. Refs #8046, #8254"
+        bob  = Person.objects.create(name="Bob")
+        jim = Person.objects.create(name="Jim")
+
+        rock = Group.objects.create(name="Rock")
+        roll = Group.objects.create(name="Roll")
+
+        Membership.objects.create(person=bob, group=rock)
+        Membership.objects.create(person=jim, group=rock, price=50)
+        Membership.objects.create(person=bob, group=roll, price=50)
+
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            rock.members.filter(membership__price=50), [
+                "<Person: Jim>",
+            ]
+        )
+
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            bob.group_set.filter(membership__price=50), [
+                "<Group: Roll>",
+            ]
+        )
+
+class ThroughLoadDataTestCase(TestCase):
+    fixtures = ["m2m_through"]
+
+    def test_sequence_creation(self):
+        "Check that sequences on an m2m_through are created for the through model, not a phantom auto-generated m2m table. Refs #11107"
+        out = StringIO()
+        management.call_command("dumpdata", "m2m_through_regress", format="json", stdout=out)
+        self.assertEqual(out.getvalue().strip(), """[{"pk": 1, "model": "m2m_through_regress.usermembership", "fields": {"price": 100, "group": 1, "user": 1}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "m2m_through_regress.person", "fields": {"name": "Guido"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "m2m_through_regress.group", "fields": {"name": "Python Core Group"}}]""")
diff --git a/tests/regressiontests/multiple_database/tests.py b/tests/regressiontests/multiple_database/tests.py
index 7bde8bf037..6675fdcc6c 100644
--- a/tests/regressiontests/multiple_database/tests.py
+++ b/tests/regressiontests/multiple_database/tests.py
@@ -883,7 +883,13 @@ class QueryTestCase(TestCase):
         self.assertRaises(ValueError, str, qs.query)
 
         # Evaluating the query shouldn't work, either
-        self.assertRaises(ValueError, list, qs)
+        try:
+            for obj in qs:
+                pass
+            self.fail('Iterating over query should raise ValueError')
+        except ValueError:
+            pass
+
 
 class TestRouter(object):
     # A test router. The behaviour is vaguely master/slave, but the
@@ -1491,19 +1497,10 @@ class AuthTestCase(TestCase):
         self.old_routers = router.routers
         router.routers = [AuthRouter()]
 
-        # Redirect stdout to a buffer so we can test
-        # the output of a management command
-        self.old_stdout = sys.stdout
-        self.stdout = StringIO()
-        sys.stdout = self.stdout
-
     def tearDown(self):
         # Restore the 'other' database as an independent database
         router.routers = self.old_routers
 
-        # Restore stdout
-        sys.stdout = self.old_stdout
-
     def test_auth_manager(self):
         "The methods on the auth manager obey database hints"
         # Create one user using default allocation policy
@@ -1539,14 +1536,16 @@ class AuthTestCase(TestCase):
 
         # Check that dumping the default database doesn't try to include auth
         # because allow_syncdb prohibits auth on default
-        self.stdout.flush()
-        management.call_command('dumpdata', 'auth', format='json', database='default')
-        self.assertEquals(self.stdout.getvalue(), '[]\n')
+        new_io = StringIO()
+        management.call_command('dumpdata', 'auth', format='json', database='default', stdout=new_io)
+        command_output = new_io.getvalue().strip()
+        self.assertEqual(command_output, '[]')
 
         # Check that dumping the other database does include auth
-        self.stdout.flush()
-        management.call_command('dumpdata', 'auth', format='json', database='other')
-        self.assertTrue('alice@example.com' in self.stdout.getvalue())
+        new_io = StringIO()
+        management.call_command('dumpdata', 'auth', format='json', database='other', stdout=new_io)
+        command_output = new_io.getvalue().strip()
+        self.assertTrue('"email": "alice@example.com",' in command_output)
 
 class UserProfileTestCase(TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
diff --git a/tests/regressiontests/serializers_regress/tests.py b/tests/regressiontests/serializers_regress/tests.py
index 84e90ff7e1..be920c6920 100644
--- a/tests/regressiontests/serializers_regress/tests.py
+++ b/tests/regressiontests/serializers_regress/tests.py
@@ -10,14 +10,16 @@ forward, backwards and self references.
 
 import datetime
 import decimal
-import unittest
-from cStringIO import StringIO
+try:
+    from cStringIO import StringIO
+except ImportError:
+    from StringIO import StringIO
 
-from django.utils.functional import curry
-from django.core import serializers
-from django.db import transaction, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
-from django.core import management
 from django.conf import settings
+from django.core import serializers, management
+from django.db import transaction, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
+from django.test import TestCase
+from django.utils.functional import curry
 
 from models import *
 
@@ -59,10 +61,10 @@ def im2m_create(pk, klass, data):
 
 def im_create(pk, klass, data):
     instance = klass(id=pk)
-    setattr(instance, 'right_id', data['right'])
-    setattr(instance, 'left_id', data['left'])
+    instance.right_id = data['right']
+    instance.left_id = data['left']
     if 'extra' in data:
-        setattr(instance, 'extra', data['extra'])
+        instance.extra = data['extra']
     models.Model.save_base(instance, raw=True)
     return [instance]
 
@@ -96,7 +98,9 @@ def inherited_create(pk, klass, data):
 def data_compare(testcase, pk, klass, data):
     instance = klass.objects.get(id=pk)
     testcase.assertEqual(data, instance.data,
-                         "Objects with PK=%d not equal; expected '%s' (%s), got '%s' (%s)" % (pk,data, type(data), instance.data, type(instance.data)))
+         "Objects with PK=%d not equal; expected '%s' (%s), got '%s' (%s)" % (
+            pk, data, type(data), instance.data, type(instance.data))
+    )
 
 def generic_compare(testcase, pk, klass, data):
     instance = klass.objects.get(id=pk)
@@ -348,28 +352,16 @@ if settings.DATABASES[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS]['ENGINE'] != 'django.db.backends.mysql':
 
 # Dynamically create serializer tests to ensure that all
 # registered serializers are automatically tested.
-class SerializerTests(unittest.TestCase):
+class SerializerTests(TestCase):
     pass
 
 def serializerTest(format, self):
-    # Clear the database first
-    management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
 
     # Create all the objects defined in the test data
     objects = []
     instance_count = {}
-    transaction.enter_transaction_management()
-    try:
-        transaction.managed(True)
-        for (func, pk, klass, datum) in test_data:
-            objects.extend(func[0](pk, klass, datum))
-            instance_count[klass] = 0
-        transaction.commit()
-    except:
-        transaction.rollback()
-        transaction.leave_transaction_management()
-        raise
-    transaction.leave_transaction_management()
+    for (func, pk, klass, datum) in test_data:
+        objects.extend(func[0](pk, klass, datum))
 
     # Get a count of the number of objects created for each class
     for klass in instance_count:
@@ -381,19 +373,8 @@ def serializerTest(format, self):
     # Serialize the test database
     serialized_data = serializers.serialize(format, objects, indent=2)
 
-    # Flush the database and recreate from the serialized data
-    management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-    transaction.enter_transaction_management()
-    try:
-        transaction.managed(True)
-        for obj in serializers.deserialize(format, serialized_data):
-            obj.save()
-        transaction.commit()
-    except:
-        transaction.rollback()
-        transaction.leave_transaction_management()
-        raise
-    transaction.leave_transaction_management()
+    for obj in serializers.deserialize(format, serialized_data):
+        obj.save()
 
     # Assert that the deserialized data is the same
     # as the original source
@@ -406,10 +387,7 @@ def serializerTest(format, self):
         self.assertEquals(count, klass.objects.count())
 
 def fieldsTest(format, self):
-    # Clear the database first
-    management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-    obj = ComplexModel(field1='first',field2='second',field3='third')
+    obj = ComplexModel(field1='first', field2='second', field3='third')
     obj.save_base(raw=True)
 
     # Serialize then deserialize the test database
@@ -422,9 +400,6 @@ def fieldsTest(format, self):
     self.assertEqual(result.object.field3, 'third')
 
 def streamTest(format, self):
-    # Clear the database first
-    management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
     obj = ComplexModel(field1='first',field2='second',field3='third')
     obj.save_base(raw=True)
 
@@ -440,7 +415,7 @@ def streamTest(format, self):
     stream.close()
 
 for format in serializers.get_serializer_formats():
-    setattr(SerializerTests, 'test_'+format+'_serializer', curry(serializerTest, format))
-    setattr(SerializerTests, 'test_'+format+'_serializer_fields', curry(fieldsTest, format))
+    setattr(SerializerTests, 'test_' + format + '_serializer', curry(serializerTest, format))
+    setattr(SerializerTests, 'test_' + format + '_serializer_fields', curry(fieldsTest, format))
     if format != 'python':
-        setattr(SerializerTests, 'test_'+format+'_serializer_stream', curry(streamTest, format))
+        setattr(SerializerTests, 'test_' + format + '_serializer_stream', curry(streamTest, format))
diff --git a/tests/regressiontests/utils/timesince.py b/tests/regressiontests/utils/timesince.py
index 04878b272a..5a54bf4c8c 100644
--- a/tests/regressiontests/utils/timesince.py
+++ b/tests/regressiontests/utils/timesince.py
@@ -88,11 +88,11 @@ u'0 minutes'
 u'0 minutes'
 
 # Timesince should work with both date objects (#9672)
->>> today = datetime.date.today() 
->>> timeuntil(today+oneday, today) 
-u'1 day' 
->>> timeuntil(today-oneday, today) 
-u'0 minutes' 
->>> timeuntil(today+oneweek, today) 
-u'1 week' 
+>>> today = datetime.date.today()
+>>> timeuntil(today+oneday, today)
+u'1 day'
+>>> timeuntil(today-oneday, today)
+u'0 minutes'
+>>> timeuntil(today+oneweek, today)
+u'1 week'
 """