[soc2010/query-refactor] Merged up to trunk r13328.

git-svn-id: http://code.djangoproject.com/svn/django/branches/soc2010/query-refactor@13329 bcc190cf-cafb-0310-a4f2-bffc1f526a37

5 files changed, 857 insertions, 548 deletions

diff --git a/tests/modeltests/aggregation/models.py b/tests/modeltests/aggregation/models.py
index f50abe651b..ccc12898b7 100644
--- a/tests/modeltests/aggregation/models.py
+++ b/tests/modeltests/aggregation/models.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # coding: utf-8
 from django.db import models
 
+
 class Author(models.Model):
     name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
     age = models.IntegerField()
@@ -39,323 +40,3 @@ class Store(models.Model):
     def __unicode__(self):
         return self.name
 
-# Tests on 'aggregate'
-# Different backends and numbers.
-__test__ = {'API_TESTS': """
->>> from django.core import management
->>> from decimal import Decimal
->>> from datetime import date
-
-# Reset the database representation of this app.
-# This will return the database to a clean initial state.
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Empty Call - request nothing, get nothing.
->>> Author.objects.all().aggregate()
-{}
-
->>> from django.db.models import Avg, Sum, Count, Max, Min
-
-# Single model aggregation
-#
-
-# Single aggregate
-# Average age of Authors
->>> Author.objects.all().aggregate(Avg('age'))
-{'age__avg': 37.4...}
-
-# Multiple aggregates
-# Average and Sum of Author ages
->>> Author.objects.all().aggregate(Sum('age'), Avg('age'))
-{'age__sum': 337, 'age__avg': 37.4...}
-
-# Aggreates interact with filters, and only
-# generate aggregate values for the filtered values
-# Sum of the age of those older than 29 years old
->>> Author.objects.all().filter(age__gt=29).aggregate(Sum('age'))
-{'age__sum': 254}
-
-# Depth-1 Joins
-#
-
-# On Relationships with self
-# Average age of the friends of each author
->>> Author.objects.all().aggregate(Avg('friends__age'))
-{'friends__age__avg': 34.07...}
-
-# On ManyToMany Relationships
-#
-
-# Forward
-# Average age of the Authors of Books with a rating of less than 4.5
->>> Book.objects.all().filter(rating__lt=4.5).aggregate(Avg('authors__age'))
-{'authors__age__avg': 38.2...}
-
-# Backward
-# Average rating of the Books whose Author's name contains the letter 'a'
->>> Author.objects.all().filter(name__contains='a').aggregate(Avg('book__rating'))
-{'book__rating__avg': 4.0}
-
-# On OneToMany Relationships
-#
-
-# Forward
-# Sum of the number of awards of each Book's Publisher
->>> Book.objects.all().aggregate(Sum('publisher__num_awards'))
-{'publisher__num_awards__sum': 30}
-
-# Backward
-# Sum of the price of every Book that has a Publisher
->>> Publisher.objects.all().aggregate(Sum('book__price'))
-{'book__price__sum': Decimal("270.27")}
-
-# Multiple Joins
-#
-
-# Forward
->>> Store.objects.all().aggregate(Max('books__authors__age'))
-{'books__authors__age__max': 57}
-
-# Backward
-# Note that the very long default alias may be truncated
->>> Author.objects.all().aggregate(Min('book__publisher__num_awards'))
-{'book__publisher__num_award...': 1}
-
-# Aggregate outputs can also be aliased.
-
-# Average amazon.com Book rating
->>> Store.objects.filter(name='Amazon.com').aggregate(amazon_mean=Avg('books__rating'))
-{'amazon_mean': 4.08...}
-
-# Tests on annotate()
-
-# An empty annotate call does nothing but return the same QuerySet
->>> Book.objects.all().annotate().order_by('pk')
-[<Book: The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right>, <Book: Sams Teach Yourself Django in 24 Hours>, <Book: Practical Django Projects>, <Book: Python Web Development with Django>, <Book: Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach>, <Book: Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp>]
-
-# Annotate inserts the alias into the model object with the aggregated result
->>> books = Book.objects.all().annotate(mean_age=Avg('authors__age'))
->>> books.get(pk=1).name
-u'The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right'
-
->>> books.get(pk=1).mean_age
-34.5
-
-# On ManyToMany Relationships
-
-# Forward
-# Average age of the Authors of each book with a rating less than 4.5
->>> books = Book.objects.all().filter(rating__lt=4.5).annotate(Avg('authors__age'))
->>> sorted([(b.name, b.authors__age__avg) for b in books])
-[(u'Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach', 51.5), (u'Practical Django Projects', 29.0), (u'Python Web Development with Django', 30.3...), (u'Sams Teach Yourself Django in 24 Hours', 45.0)]
-
-# Count the number of authors of each book
->>> books = Book.objects.annotate(num_authors=Count('authors'))
->>> sorted([(b.name, b.num_authors) for b in books])
-[(u'Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach', 2), (u'Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp', 1), (u'Practical Django Projects', 1), (u'Python Web Development with Django', 3), (u'Sams Teach Yourself Django in 24 Hours', 1), (u'The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right', 2)]
-
-# Backward
-# Average rating of the Books whose Author's names contains the letter 'a'
->>> authors = Author.objects.all().filter(name__contains='a').annotate(Avg('book__rating'))
->>> sorted([(a.name, a.book__rating__avg) for a in authors])
-[(u'Adrian Holovaty', 4.5), (u'Brad Dayley', 3.0), (u'Jacob Kaplan-Moss', 4.5), (u'James Bennett', 4.0), (u'Paul Bissex', 4.0), (u'Stuart Russell', 4.0)]
-
-# Count the number of books written by each author
->>> authors = Author.objects.annotate(num_books=Count('book'))
->>> sorted([(a.name, a.num_books) for a in authors])
-[(u'Adrian Holovaty', 1), (u'Brad Dayley', 1), (u'Jacob Kaplan-Moss', 1), (u'James Bennett', 1), (u'Jeffrey Forcier', 1), (u'Paul Bissex', 1), (u'Peter Norvig', 2), (u'Stuart Russell', 1), (u'Wesley J. Chun', 1)]
-
-# On OneToMany Relationships
-
-# Forward
-# Annotate each book with the number of awards of each Book's Publisher
->>> books = Book.objects.all().annotate(Sum('publisher__num_awards'))
->>> sorted([(b.name, b.publisher__num_awards__sum) for b in books])
-[(u'Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach', 7), (u'Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp', 9), (u'Practical Django Projects', 3), (u'Python Web Development with Django', 7), (u'Sams Teach Yourself Django in 24 Hours', 1), (u'The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right', 3)]
-
-# Backward
-# Annotate each publisher with the sum of the price of all books sold
->>> publishers = Publisher.objects.all().annotate(Sum('book__price'))
->>> sorted([(p.name, p.book__price__sum) for p in publishers])
-[(u'Apress', Decimal("59.69")), (u"Jonno's House of Books", None), (u'Morgan Kaufmann', Decimal("75.00")), (u'Prentice Hall', Decimal("112.49")), (u'Sams', Decimal("23.09"))]
-
-# Calls to values() are not commutative over annotate().
-
-# Calling values on a queryset that has annotations returns the output
-# as a dictionary
->>> [sorted(o.iteritems()) for o in Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg('authors__age')).values()]
-[[('contact_id', 1), ('id', 1), ('isbn', u'159059725'), ('mean_age', 34.5), ('name', u'The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right'), ('pages', 447), ('price', Decimal("30...")), ('pubdate', datetime.date(2007, 12, 6)), ('publisher_id', 1), ('rating', 4.5)]]
-
->>> Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg('authors__age')).values('pk', 'isbn', 'mean_age')
-[{'pk': 1, 'isbn': u'159059725', 'mean_age': 34.5}]
-
-# Calling values() with parameters reduces the output
->>> Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg('authors__age')).values('name')
-[{'name': u'The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right'}]
-
-# An empty values() call before annotating has the same effect as an
-# empty values() call after annotating
->>> [sorted(o.iteritems()) for o in Book.objects.filter(pk=1).values().annotate(mean_age=Avg('authors__age'))]
-[[('contact_id', 1), ('id', 1), ('isbn', u'159059725'), ('mean_age', 34.5), ('name', u'The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right'), ('pages', 447), ('price', Decimal("30...")), ('pubdate', datetime.date(2007, 12, 6)), ('publisher_id', 1), ('rating', 4.5)]]
-
-# Calling annotate() on a ValuesQuerySet annotates over the groups of
-# fields to be selected by the ValuesQuerySet.
-
-# Note that an extra parameter is added to each dictionary. This
-# parameter is a queryset representing the objects that have been
-# grouped to generate the annotation
-
->>> Book.objects.all().values('rating').annotate(n_authors=Count('authors__id'), mean_age=Avg('authors__age')).order_by('rating')
-[{'rating': 3.0, 'n_authors': 1, 'mean_age': 45.0}, {'rating': 4.0, 'n_authors': 6, 'mean_age': 37.1...}, {'rating': 4.5, 'n_authors': 2, 'mean_age': 34.5}, {'rating': 5.0, 'n_authors': 1, 'mean_age': 57.0}]
-
-# If a join doesn't match any objects, an aggregate returns None
->>> authors = Author.objects.all().annotate(Avg('friends__age')).order_by('id')
->>> len(authors)
-9
->>> sorted([(a.name, a.friends__age__avg) for a in authors])
-[(u'Adrian Holovaty', 32.0), (u'Brad Dayley', None), (u'Jacob Kaplan-Moss', 29.5), (u'James Bennett', 34.0), (u'Jeffrey Forcier', 27.0), (u'Paul Bissex', 31.0), (u'Peter Norvig', 46.0), (u'Stuart Russell', 57.0), (u'Wesley J. Chun', 33.6...)]
-
-
-# The Count aggregation function allows an extra parameter: distinct.
-# This restricts the count results to unique items
->>> Book.objects.all().aggregate(Count('rating'))
-{'rating__count': 6}
-
->>> Book.objects.all().aggregate(Count('rating', distinct=True))
-{'rating__count': 4}
-
-# Retreiving the grouped objects
-
-# When using Count you can also omit the primary key and refer only to
-# the related field name if you want to count all the related objects
-# and not a specific column
->>> explicit = list(Author.objects.annotate(Count('book__id')))
->>> implicit = list(Author.objects.annotate(Count('book')))
->>> explicit == implicit
-True
-
-# Ordering is allowed on aggregates
->>> Book.objects.values('rating').annotate(oldest=Max('authors__age')).order_by('oldest', 'rating')
-[{'rating': 4.5, 'oldest': 35}, {'rating': 3.0, 'oldest': 45}, {'rating': 4.0, 'oldest': 57}, {'rating': 5.0, 'oldest': 57}]
-
->>> Book.objects.values('rating').annotate(oldest=Max('authors__age')).order_by('-oldest', '-rating')
-[{'rating': 5.0, 'oldest': 57}, {'rating': 4.0, 'oldest': 57}, {'rating': 3.0, 'oldest': 45}, {'rating': 4.5, 'oldest': 35}]
-
-# It is possible to aggregate over anotated values
->>> Book.objects.all().annotate(num_authors=Count('authors__id')).aggregate(Avg('num_authors'))
-{'num_authors__avg': 1.66...}
-
-# You can filter the results based on the aggregation alias.
-
-# Lets add a publisher to test the different possibilities for filtering
->>> p = Publisher(name='Expensive Publisher', num_awards=0)
->>> p.save()
->>> Book(name='ExpensiveBook1', pages=1, isbn='111', rating=3.5, price=Decimal("1000"), publisher=p, contact_id=1, pubdate=date(2008,12,1)).save()
->>> Book(name='ExpensiveBook2', pages=1, isbn='222', rating=4.0, price=Decimal("1000"), publisher=p, contact_id=1, pubdate=date(2008,12,2)).save()
->>> Book(name='ExpensiveBook3', pages=1, isbn='333', rating=4.5, price=Decimal("35"), publisher=p, contact_id=1, pubdate=date(2008,12,3)).save()
-
-# Publishers that have:
-
-# (i) more than one book
->>> Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count('book__id')).filter(num_books__gt=1).order_by('pk')
-[<Publisher: Apress>, <Publisher: Prentice Hall>, <Publisher: Expensive Publisher>]
-
-# (ii) a book that cost less than 40
->>> Publisher.objects.filter(book__price__lt=Decimal("40.0")).order_by('pk')
-[<Publisher: Apress>, <Publisher: Apress>, <Publisher: Sams>, <Publisher: Prentice Hall>, <Publisher: Expensive Publisher>]
-
-# (iii) more than one book and (at least) a book that cost less than 40
->>> Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count('book__id')).filter(num_books__gt=1, book__price__lt=Decimal("40.0")).order_by('pk')
-[<Publisher: Apress>, <Publisher: Prentice Hall>, <Publisher: Expensive Publisher>]
-
-# (iv) more than one book that costs less than $40
->>> Publisher.objects.filter(book__price__lt=Decimal("40.0")).annotate(num_books=Count('book__id')).filter(num_books__gt=1).order_by('pk')
-[<Publisher: Apress>]
-
-# Now a bit of testing on the different lookup types
-#
-
->>> Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count('book')).filter(num_books__range=[1, 3]).order_by('pk')
-[<Publisher: Apress>, <Publisher: Sams>, <Publisher: Prentice Hall>, <Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann>, <Publisher: Expensive Publisher>]
-
->>> Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count('book')).filter(num_books__range=[1, 2]).order_by('pk')
-[<Publisher: Apress>, <Publisher: Sams>, <Publisher: Prentice Hall>, <Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann>]
-
->>> Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count('book')).filter(num_books__in=[1, 3]).order_by('pk')
-[<Publisher: Sams>, <Publisher: Morgan Kaufmann>, <Publisher: Expensive Publisher>]
-
->>> Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count('book')).filter(num_books__isnull=True)
-[]
-
->>> p.delete()
-
-# Does Author X have any friends? (or better, how many friends does author X have)
->> Author.objects.filter(pk=1).aggregate(Count('friends__id'))
-{'friends__id__count': 2.0}
-
-# Give me a list of all Books with more than 1 authors
->>> Book.objects.all().annotate(num_authors=Count('authors__name')).filter(num_authors__ge=2).order_by('pk')
-[<Book: The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right>, <Book: Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach>]
-
-# Give me a list of all Authors that have no friends
->>> Author.objects.all().annotate(num_friends=Count('friends__id', distinct=True)).filter(num_friends=0).order_by('pk')
-[<Author: Brad Dayley>]
-
-# Give me a list of all publishers that have published more than 1 books
->>> Publisher.objects.all().annotate(num_books=Count('book__id')).filter(num_books__gt=1).order_by('pk')
-[<Publisher: Apress>, <Publisher: Prentice Hall>]
-
-# Give me a list of all publishers that have published more than 1 books that cost less than 40
->>> Publisher.objects.all().filter(book__price__lt=Decimal("40.0")).annotate(num_books=Count('book__id')).filter(num_books__gt=1)
-[<Publisher: Apress>]
-
-# Give me a list of all Books that were written by X and one other author.
->>> Book.objects.all().annotate(num_authors=Count('authors__id')).filter(authors__name__contains='Norvig', num_authors__gt=1)
-[<Book: Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach>]
-
-# Give me the average rating of all Books that were written by X and one other author.
-#(Aggregate over objects discovered using membership of the m2m set)
-
-# Adding an existing author to another book to test it the right way
->>> a = Author.objects.get(name__contains='Norvig')
->>> b = Book.objects.get(name__contains='Done Right')
->>> b.authors.add(a)
->>> b.save()
-
-# This should do it
->>> Book.objects.all().annotate(num_authors=Count('authors__id')).filter(authors__name__contains='Norvig', num_authors__gt=1).aggregate(Avg('rating'))
-{'rating__avg': 4.25}
->>> b.authors.remove(a)
-
-# Give me a list of all Authors that have published a book with at least one other person
-# (Filters over a count generated on a related object)
-#
-# Cheating: [a for a in Author.objects.all().annotate(num_coleagues=Count('book__authors__id'), num_books=Count('book__id', distinct=True)) if a.num_coleagues - a.num_books > 0]
-# F-Syntax is required. Will be fixed after F objects are available
-
-# Aggregates also work on dates, times and datetimes
->>> Publisher.objects.annotate(earliest_book=Min('book__pubdate')).exclude(earliest_book=None).order_by('earliest_book').values()
-[{'earliest_book': datetime.date(1991, 10, 15), 'num_awards': 9, 'id': 4, 'name': u'Morgan Kaufmann'}, {'earliest_book': datetime.date(1995, 1, 15), 'num_awards': 7, 'id': 3, 'name': u'Prentice Hall'}, {'earliest_book': datetime.date(2007, 12, 6), 'num_awards': 3, 'id': 1, 'name': u'Apress'}, {'earliest_book': datetime.date(2008, 3, 3), 'num_awards': 1, 'id': 2, 'name': u'Sams'}]
-
->>> Store.objects.aggregate(Max('friday_night_closing'), Min("original_opening"))
-{'friday_night_closing__max': datetime.time(23, 59, 59), 'original_opening__min': datetime.datetime(1945, 4, 25, 16, 24, 14)}
-
-# values_list() can also be used
-
->>> Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg('authors__age')).values_list('pk', 'isbn', 'mean_age')
-[(1, u'159059725', 34.5)]
-
->>> Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg('authors__age')).values_list('isbn')
-[(u'159059725',)]
-
->>> Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg('authors__age')).values_list('mean_age')
-[(34.5,)]
-
->>> Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg('authors__age')).values_list('mean_age', flat=True)
-[34.5]
-
->>> qs = Book.objects.values_list('price').annotate(count=Count('price')).order_by('-count', 'price')
->>> list(qs) == [(Decimal('29.69'), 2), (Decimal('23.09'), 1), (Decimal('30'), 1), (Decimal('75'), 1), (Decimal('82.8'), 1)]
-True
-
-"""}
diff --git a/tests/modeltests/aggregation/tests.py b/tests/modeltests/aggregation/tests.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..cb611439b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/modeltests/aggregation/tests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,578 @@
+import datetime
+from decimal import Decimal
+
+from django.db.models import Avg, Sum, Count, Max, Min
+from django.test import TestCase
+
+from models import Author, Publisher, Book, Store
+
+
+class Approximate(object):
+    def __init__(self, val, places=7):
+        self.val = val
+        self.places = places
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return repr(self.val)
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        if self.val == other:
+            return True
+        return round(abs(self.val-other), self.places) == 0
+
+class BaseAggregateTestCase(TestCase):
+    fixtures = ["initial_data.json"]
+
+    def test_empty_aggregate(self):
+        self.assertEqual(Author.objects.all().aggregate(), {})
+
+    def test_single_aggregate(self):
+        vals = Author.objects.aggregate(Avg("age"))
+        self.assertEqual(vals, {"age__avg": Approximate(37.4, places=1)})
+
+    def test_multiple_aggregates(self):
+        vals = Author.objects.aggregate(Sum("age"), Avg("age"))
+        self.assertEqual(vals, {"age__sum": 337, "age__avg": Approximate(37.4, places=1)})
+
+    def test_filter_aggregate(self):
+        vals = Author.objects.filter(age__gt=29).aggregate(Sum("age"))
+        self.assertEqual(len(vals), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(vals["age__sum"], 254)
+
+    def test_related_aggregate(self):
+        vals = Author.objects.aggregate(Avg("friends__age"))
+        self.assertEqual(len(vals), 1)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(vals["friends__age__avg"], 34.07, places=2)
+
+        vals = Book.objects.filter(rating__lt=4.5).aggregate(Avg("authors__age"))
+        self.assertEqual(len(vals), 1)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(vals["authors__age__avg"], 38.2857, places=2)
+
+        vals = Author.objects.all().filter(name__contains="a").aggregate(Avg("book__rating"))
+        self.assertEqual(len(vals), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(vals["book__rating__avg"], 4.0)
+
+        vals = Book.objects.aggregate(Sum("publisher__num_awards"))
+        self.assertEqual(len(vals), 1)
+        self.assertEquals(vals["publisher__num_awards__sum"], 30)
+
+        vals = Publisher.objects.aggregate(Sum("book__price"))
+        self.assertEqual(len(vals), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(vals["book__price__sum"], Decimal("270.27"))
+
+    def test_aggregate_multi_join(self):
+        vals = Store.objects.aggregate(Max("books__authors__age"))
+        self.assertEqual(len(vals), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(vals["books__authors__age__max"], 57)
+
+        vals = Author.objects.aggregate(Min("book__publisher__num_awards"))
+        self.assertEqual(len(vals), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(vals["book__publisher__num_awards__min"], 1)
+
+    def test_aggregate_alias(self):
+        vals = Store.objects.filter(name="Amazon.com").aggregate(amazon_mean=Avg("books__rating"))
+        self.assertEqual(len(vals), 1)
+        self.assertAlmostEqual(vals["amazon_mean"], 4.08, places=2)
+
+    def test_annotate_basic(self):
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            Book.objects.annotate().order_by('pk'), [
+                "The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right",
+                "Sams Teach Yourself Django in 24 Hours",
+                "Practical Django Projects",
+                "Python Web Development with Django",
+                "Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach",
+                "Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp"
+            ],
+            lambda b: b.name
+        )
+
+        books = Book.objects.annotate(mean_age=Avg("authors__age"))
+        b = books.get(pk=1)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            b.name,
+            u'The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right'
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(b.mean_age, 34.5)
+
+    def test_annotate_m2m(self):
+        books = Book.objects.filter(rating__lt=4.5).annotate(Avg("authors__age")).order_by("name")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            books, [
+                (u'Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach', 51.5),
+                (u'Practical Django Projects', 29.0),
+                (u'Python Web Development with Django', Approximate(30.3, places=1)),
+                (u'Sams Teach Yourself Django in 24 Hours', 45.0)
+            ],
+            lambda b: (b.name, b.authors__age__avg),
+        )
+
+        books = Book.objects.annotate(num_authors=Count("authors")).order_by("name")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            books, [
+                (u'Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach', 2),
+                (u'Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp', 1),
+                (u'Practical Django Projects', 1),
+                (u'Python Web Development with Django', 3),
+                (u'Sams Teach Yourself Django in 24 Hours', 1),
+                (u'The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right', 2)
+            ],
+            lambda b: (b.name, b.num_authors)
+        )
+
+    def test_backwards_m2m_annotate(self):
+        authors = Author.objects.filter(name__contains="a").annotate(Avg("book__rating")).order_by("name")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            authors, [
+                (u'Adrian Holovaty', 4.5),
+                (u'Brad Dayley', 3.0),
+                (u'Jacob Kaplan-Moss', 4.5),
+                (u'James Bennett', 4.0),
+                (u'Paul Bissex', 4.0),
+                (u'Stuart Russell', 4.0)
+            ],
+            lambda a: (a.name, a.book__rating__avg)
+        )
+
+        authors = Author.objects.annotate(num_books=Count("book")).order_by("name")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            authors, [
+                (u'Adrian Holovaty', 1),
+                (u'Brad Dayley', 1),
+                (u'Jacob Kaplan-Moss', 1),
+                (u'James Bennett', 1),
+                (u'Jeffrey Forcier', 1),
+                (u'Paul Bissex', 1),
+                (u'Peter Norvig', 2),
+                (u'Stuart Russell', 1),
+                (u'Wesley J. Chun', 1)
+            ],
+            lambda a: (a.name, a.num_books)
+        )
+
+    def test_reverse_fkey_annotate(self):
+        books = Book.objects.annotate(Sum("publisher__num_awards")).order_by("name")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            books, [
+                (u'Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach', 7),
+                (u'Paradigms of Artificial Intelligence Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp', 9),
+                (u'Practical Django Projects', 3),
+                (u'Python Web Development with Django', 7),
+                (u'Sams Teach Yourself Django in 24 Hours', 1),
+                (u'The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right', 3)
+            ],
+            lambda b: (b.name, b.publisher__num_awards__sum)
+        )
+
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.annotate(Sum("book__price")).order_by("name")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            publishers, [
+                (u'Apress', Decimal("59.69")),
+                (u"Jonno's House of Books", None),
+                (u'Morgan Kaufmann', Decimal("75.00")),
+                (u'Prentice Hall', Decimal("112.49")),
+                (u'Sams', Decimal("23.09"))
+            ],
+            lambda p: (p.name, p.book__price__sum)
+        )
+
+    def test_annotate_values(self):
+        books = list(Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg("authors__age")).values())
+        self.assertEqual(
+            books, [
+                {
+                    "contact_id": 1,
+                    "id": 1,
+                    "isbn": "159059725",
+                    "mean_age": 34.5,
+                    "name": "The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right",
+                    "pages": 447,
+                    "price": Approximate(Decimal("30")),
+                    "pubdate": datetime.date(2007, 12, 6),
+                    "publisher_id": 1,
+                    "rating": 4.5,
+                }
+            ]
+        )
+
+        books = Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg('authors__age')).values('pk', 'isbn', 'mean_age')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(books), [
+                {
+                    "pk": 1,
+                    "isbn": "159059725",
+                    "mean_age": 34.5,
+                }
+            ]
+        )
+
+        books = Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg("authors__age")).values("name")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(books), [
+                {
+                    "name": "The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right"
+                }
+            ]
+        )
+
+        books = Book.objects.filter(pk=1).values().annotate(mean_age=Avg('authors__age'))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(books), [
+                {
+                    "contact_id": 1,
+                    "id": 1,
+                    "isbn": "159059725",
+                    "mean_age": 34.5,
+                    "name": "The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right",
+                    "pages": 447,
+                    "price": Approximate(Decimal("30")),
+                    "pubdate": datetime.date(2007, 12, 6),
+                    "publisher_id": 1,
+                    "rating": 4.5,
+                }
+            ]
+        )
+
+        books = Book.objects.values("rating").annotate(n_authors=Count("authors__id"), mean_age=Avg("authors__age")).order_by("rating")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(books), [
+                {
+                    "rating": 3.0,
+                    "n_authors": 1,
+                    "mean_age": 45.0,
+                },
+                {
+                    "rating": 4.0,
+                    "n_authors": 6,
+                    "mean_age": Approximate(37.16, places=1)
+                },
+                {
+                    "rating": 4.5,
+                    "n_authors": 2,
+                    "mean_age": 34.5,
+                },
+                {
+                    "rating": 5.0,
+                    "n_authors": 1,
+                    "mean_age": 57.0,
+                }
+            ]
+        )
+
+        authors = Author.objects.annotate(Avg("friends__age")).order_by("name")
+        self.assertEqual(len(authors), 9)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            authors, [
+                (u'Adrian Holovaty', 32.0),
+                (u'Brad Dayley', None),
+                (u'Jacob Kaplan-Moss', 29.5),
+                (u'James Bennett', 34.0),
+                (u'Jeffrey Forcier', 27.0),
+                (u'Paul Bissex', 31.0),
+                (u'Peter Norvig', 46.0),
+                (u'Stuart Russell', 57.0),
+                (u'Wesley J. Chun', Approximate(33.66, places=1))
+            ],
+            lambda a: (a.name, a.friends__age__avg)
+        )
+
+    def test_count(self):
+        vals = Book.objects.aggregate(Count("rating"))
+        self.assertEqual(vals, {"rating__count": 6})
+
+        vals = Book.objects.aggregate(Count("rating", distinct=True))
+        self.assertEqual(vals, {"rating__count": 4})
+
+    def test_fkey_aggregate(self):
+        explicit = list(Author.objects.annotate(Count('book__id')))
+        implicit = list(Author.objects.annotate(Count('book')))
+        self.assertEqual(explicit, implicit)
+
+    def test_annotate_ordering(self):
+        books = Book.objects.values('rating').annotate(oldest=Max('authors__age')).order_by('oldest', 'rating')
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(books), [
+                {
+                    "rating": 4.5,
+                    "oldest": 35,
+                },
+                {
+                    "rating": 3.0,
+                    "oldest": 45
+                },
+                {
+                    "rating": 4.0,
+                    "oldest": 57,
+                },
+                {
+                    "rating": 5.0,
+                    "oldest": 57,
+                }
+            ]
+        )
+
+        books = Book.objects.values("rating").annotate(oldest=Max("authors__age")).order_by("-oldest", "-rating")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(books), [
+                {
+                    "rating": 5.0,
+                    "oldest": 57,
+                },
+                {
+                    "rating": 4.0,
+                    "oldest": 57,
+                },
+                {
+                    "rating": 3.0,
+                    "oldest": 45,
+                },
+                {
+                    "rating": 4.5,
+                    "oldest": 35,
+                }
+            ]
+        )
+
+    def test_aggregate_annotation(self):
+        vals = Book.objects.annotate(num_authors=Count("authors__id")).aggregate(Avg("num_authors"))
+        self.assertEqual(vals, {"num_authors__avg": Approximate(1.66, places=1)})
+
+    def test_filtering(self):
+        p = Publisher.objects.create(name='Expensive Publisher', num_awards=0)
+        Book.objects.create(
+            name='ExpensiveBook1',
+            pages=1,
+            isbn='111',
+            rating=3.5,
+            price=Decimal("1000"),
+            publisher=p,
+            contact_id=1,
+            pubdate=datetime.date(2008,12,1)
+        )
+        Book.objects.create(
+            name='ExpensiveBook2',
+            pages=1,
+            isbn='222',
+            rating=4.0,
+            price=Decimal("1000"),
+            publisher=p,
+            contact_id=1,
+            pubdate=datetime.date(2008,12,2)
+        )
+        Book.objects.create(
+            name='ExpensiveBook3',
+            pages=1,
+            isbn='333',
+            rating=4.5,
+            price=Decimal("35"),
+            publisher=p,
+            contact_id=1,
+            pubdate=datetime.date(2008,12,3)
+        )
+
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count("book__id")).filter(num_books__gt=1).order_by("pk")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            publishers, [
+                "Apress",
+                "Prentice Hall",
+                "Expensive Publisher",
+            ],
+            lambda p: p.name,
+        )
+
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.filter(book__price__lt=Decimal("40.0")).order_by("pk")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            publishers, [
+                "Apress",
+                "Apress",
+                "Sams",
+                "Prentice Hall",
+                "Expensive Publisher",
+            ],
+            lambda p: p.name
+        )
+
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count("book__id")).filter(num_books__gt=1, book__price__lt=Decimal("40.0")).order_by("pk")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            publishers, [
+                "Apress",
+                "Prentice Hall",
+                "Expensive Publisher",
+            ],
+            lambda p: p.name,
+        )
+
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.filter(book__price__lt=Decimal("40.0")).annotate(num_books=Count("book__id")).filter(num_books__gt=1).order_by("pk")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            publishers, [
+                "Apress",
+            ],
+            lambda p: p.name
+        )
+
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count("book")).filter(num_books__range=[1, 3]).order_by("pk")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            publishers, [
+                "Apress",
+                "Sams",
+                "Prentice Hall",
+                "Morgan Kaufmann",
+                "Expensive Publisher",
+            ],
+            lambda p: p.name
+        )
+
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count("book")).filter(num_books__range=[1, 2]).order_by("pk")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            publishers, [
+                "Apress",
+                "Sams",
+                "Prentice Hall",
+                "Morgan Kaufmann",
+            ],
+            lambda p: p.name
+        )
+
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count("book")).filter(num_books__in=[1, 3]).order_by("pk")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            publishers, [
+                "Sams",
+                "Morgan Kaufmann",
+                "Expensive Publisher",
+            ],
+            lambda p: p.name,
+        )
+
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count("book")).filter(num_books__isnull=True)
+        self.assertEqual(len(publishers), 0)
+
+    def test_annotation(self):
+        vals = Author.objects.filter(pk=1).aggregate(Count("friends__id"))
+        self.assertEqual(vals, {"friends__id__count": 2})
+
+        books = Book.objects.annotate(num_authors=Count("authors__name")).filter(num_authors__ge=2).order_by("pk")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            books, [
+                "The Definitive Guide to Django: Web Development Done Right",
+                "Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach",
+            ],
+            lambda b: b.name
+        )
+
+        authors = Author.objects.annotate(num_friends=Count("friends__id", distinct=True)).filter(num_friends=0).order_by("pk")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            authors, [
+                "Brad Dayley",
+            ],
+            lambda a: a.name
+        )
+
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count("book__id")).filter(num_books__gt=1).order_by("pk")
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            publishers, [
+                "Apress",
+                "Prentice Hall",
+            ],
+            lambda p: p.name
+        )
+
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.filter(book__price__lt=Decimal("40.0")).annotate(num_books=Count("book__id")).filter(num_books__gt=1)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            publishers, [
+                "Apress",
+            ],
+            lambda p: p.name
+        )
+
+        books = Book.objects.annotate(num_authors=Count("authors__id")).filter(authors__name__contains="Norvig", num_authors__gt=1)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
+            books, [
+                "Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach",
+            ],
+            lambda b: b.name
+        )
+
+    def test_more_aggregation(self):
+        a = Author.objects.get(name__contains='Norvig')
+        b = Book.objects.get(name__contains='Done Right')
+        b.authors.add(a)
+        b.save()
+
+        vals = Book.objects.annotate(num_authors=Count("authors__id")).filter(authors__name__contains="Norvig", num_authors__gt=1).aggregate(Avg("rating"))
+        self.assertEqual(vals, {"rating__avg": 4.25})
+
+    def test_even_more_aggregate(self):
+        publishers = Publisher.objects.annotate(earliest_book=Min("book__pubdate")).exclude(earliest_book=None).order_by("earliest_book").values()
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(publishers), [
+                {
+                    'earliest_book': datetime.date(1991, 10, 15),
+                    'num_awards': 9,
+                    'id': 4,
+                    'name': u'Morgan Kaufmann'
+                },
+                {
+                    'earliest_book': datetime.date(1995, 1, 15),
+                    'num_awards': 7,
+                    'id': 3,
+                    'name': u'Prentice Hall'
+                },
+                {
+                    'earliest_book': datetime.date(2007, 12, 6),
+                    'num_awards': 3,
+                    'id': 1,
+                    'name': u'Apress'
+                },
+                {
+                    'earliest_book': datetime.date(2008, 3, 3),
+                    'num_awards': 1,
+                    'id': 2,
+                    'name': u'Sams'
+                }
+            ]
+        )
+
+        vals = Store.objects.aggregate(Max("friday_night_closing"), Min("original_opening"))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            vals,
+            {
+                "friday_night_closing__max": datetime.time(23, 59, 59),
+                "original_opening__min": datetime.datetime(1945, 4, 25, 16, 24, 14),
+            }
+        )
+
+    def test_annotate_values_list(self):
+        books = Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg("authors__age")).values_list("pk", "isbn", "mean_age")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(books), [
+                (1, "159059725", 34.5),
+            ]
+        )
+
+        books = Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg("authors__age")).values_list("isbn")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(books), [
+                ('159059725',)
+            ]
+        )
+
+        books = Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg("authors__age")).values_list("mean_age")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(books), [
+                (34.5,)
+            ]
+        )
+
+        books = Book.objects.filter(pk=1).annotate(mean_age=Avg("authors__age")).values_list("mean_age", flat=True)
+        self.assertEqual(list(books), [34.5])
+
+        books = Book.objects.values_list("price").annotate(count=Count("price")).order_by("-count", "price")
+        self.assertEqual(
+            list(books), [
+                (Decimal("29.69"), 2),
+                (Decimal('23.09'), 1),
+                (Decimal('30'), 1),
+                (Decimal('75'), 1),
+                (Decimal('82.8'), 1),
+            ]
+        )
diff --git a/tests/modeltests/fixtures/models.py b/tests/modeltests/fixtures/models.py
index 46e07a5e6b..216a8e2502 100644
--- a/tests/modeltests/fixtures/models.py
+++ b/tests/modeltests/fixtures/models.py
@@ -90,230 +90,3 @@ class Book(models.Model):
 
     class Meta:
         ordering = ('name',)
-
-__test__ = {'API_TESTS': """
->>> from django.core import management
->>> from django.db.models import get_app
-
-# Reset the database representation of this app.
-# This will return the database to a clean initial state.
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Syncdb introduces 1 initial data object from initial_data.json.
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# Load fixture 1. Single JSON file, with two objects.
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture1.json', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Time to reform copyright>, <Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]
-
-# Try just dumping the contents of fixtures.Category
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.Category', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}]
-
-# ...and just fixtures.Article
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.Article', format='json')
-[{"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]
-
-# ...and both
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.Category', 'fixtures.Article', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]
-
-# Specify a specific model twice
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.Article', 'fixtures.Article', format='json')
-[{"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]
-
-# Specify a dump that specifies Article both explicitly and implicitly
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.Article', 'fixtures', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]
-
-# Same again, but specify in the reverse order
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures', 'fixtures.Article', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]
-
-# Specify one model from one application, and an entire other application.
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.Category', 'sites', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "sites.site", "fields": {"domain": "example.com", "name": "example.com"}}]
-
-# Load fixture 2. JSON file imported by default. Overwrites some existing objects
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture2.json', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Django conquers world!>, <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>, <Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# Load fixture 3, XML format.
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture3.xml', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: XML identified as leading cause of cancer>, <Article: Django conquers world!>, <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>, <Article: Poker on TV is great!>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# Load fixture 6, JSON file with dynamic ContentType fields. Testing ManyToOne.
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture6.json', verbosity=0)
->>> Tag.objects.all()
-[<Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "copyright">, <Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "law">]
-
-# Load fixture 7, XML file with dynamic ContentType fields. Testing ManyToOne.
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture7.xml', verbosity=0)
->>> Tag.objects.all()
-[<Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "copyright">, <Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "legal">, <Tag: <Article: Django conquers world!> tagged "django">, <Tag: <Article: Django conquers world!> tagged "world domination">]
-
-# Load fixture 8, JSON file with dynamic Permission fields. Testing ManyToMany.
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture8.json', verbosity=0)
->>> Visa.objects.all()
-[<Visa: Django Reinhardt Can add user, Can change user, Can delete user>, <Visa: Stephane Grappelli Can add user>, <Visa: Prince >]
-
-# Load fixture 9, XML file with dynamic Permission fields. Testing ManyToMany.
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture9.xml', verbosity=0)
->>> Visa.objects.all()
-[<Visa: Django Reinhardt Can add user, Can change user, Can delete user>, <Visa: Stephane Grappelli Can add user, Can delete user>, <Visa: Artist formerly known as "Prince" Can change user>]
-
->>> Book.objects.all()
-[<Book: Music for all ages by Artist formerly known as "Prince" and Django Reinhardt>]
-
-# Load a fixture that doesn't exist
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'unknown.json', verbosity=0)
-
-# object list is unaffected
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: XML identified as leading cause of cancer>, <Article: Django conquers world!>, <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>, <Article: Poker on TV is great!>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# By default, you get raw keys on dumpdata
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.book', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.book", "fields": {"name": "Music for all ages", "authors": [3, 1]}}]
-
-# But you can get natural keys if you ask for them and they are available
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.book', format='json', use_natural_keys=True)
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.book", "fields": {"name": "Music for all ages", "authors": [["Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""], ["Django Reinhardt"]]}}]
-
-# Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures', format='json', use_natural_keys=True)
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 5, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "XML identified as leading cause of cancer", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 16:00:00"}}, {"pk": 4, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Django conquers world!", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 15:00:00"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Copyright is fine the way it is", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 14:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker on TV is great!", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "copyright", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "legal", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "django", "tagged_id": 4}}, {"pk": 4, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "world domination", "tagged_id": 4}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Django Reinhardt"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Stephane Grappelli"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.visa", "fields": {"person": ["Django Reinhardt"], "permissions": [["add_user", "auth", "user"], ["change_user", "auth", "user"], ["delete_user", "auth", "user"]]}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.visa", "fields": {"person": ["Stephane Grappelli"], "permissions": [["add_user", "auth", "user"], ["delete_user", "auth", "user"]]}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.visa", "fields": {"person": ["Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""], "permissions": [["change_user", "auth", "user"]]}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.book", "fields": {"name": "Music for all ages", "authors": [["Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""], ["Django Reinhardt"]]}}]
-
-# Dump the current contents of the database as an XML fixture
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures', format='xml', use_natural_keys=True)
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<django-objects version="1.0"><object pk="1" model="fixtures.category"><field type="CharField" name="title">News Stories</field><field type="TextField" name="description">Latest news stories</field></object><object pk="5" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">XML identified as leading cause of cancer</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 16:00:00</field></object><object pk="4" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Django conquers world!</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 15:00:00</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Copyright is fine the way it is</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 14:00:00</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Poker on TV is great!</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 11:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Python program becomes self aware</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 11:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">copyright</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">legal</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">django</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">4</field></object><object pk="4" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">world domination</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">4</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Artist formerly known as "Prince"</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Django Reinhardt</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Stephane Grappelli</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.visa"><field to="fixtures.person" name="person" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>Django Reinhardt</natural></field><field to="auth.permission" name="permissions" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>add_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object><object><natural>change_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object><object><natural>delete_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object></field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.visa"><field to="fixtures.person" name="person" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>Stephane Grappelli</natural></field><field to="auth.permission" name="permissions" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>add_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object><object><natural>delete_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object></field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.visa"><field to="fixtures.person" name="person" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>Artist formerly known as "Prince"</natural></field><field to="auth.permission" name="permissions" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>change_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object></field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.book"><field type="CharField" name="name">Music for all ages</field><field to="fixtures.person" name="authors" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>Artist formerly known as "Prince"</natural></object><object><natural>Django Reinhardt</natural></object></field></object></django-objects>
-
-"""}
-
-# Database flushing does not work on MySQL with the default storage engine
-# because it requires transaction support.
-if settings.DATABASES[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS]['ENGINE'] != 'django.db.backends.mysql':
-    __test__['API_TESTS'] += \
-"""
-# Reset the database representation of this app. This will delete all data.
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# Load fixture 1 again, using format discovery
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture1', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Time to reform copyright>, <Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# Try to load fixture 2 using format discovery; this will fail
-# because there are two fixture2's in the fixtures directory
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture2', verbosity=0) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
-Multiple fixtures named 'fixture2' in '...fixtures'. Aborting.
-
-# object list is unaffected
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Time to reform copyright>, <Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]
-
-# Load fixture 4 (compressed), using format discovery
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture4', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Django pets kitten>, <Article: Time to reform copyright>, <Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Load fixture 4 (compressed), using format specification
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture4.json', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Django pets kitten>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Load fixture 5 (compressed), using format *and* compression specification
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture5.json.zip', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: WoW subscribers now outnumber readers>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Load fixture 5 (compressed), only compression specification
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture5.zip', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: WoW subscribers now outnumber readers>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Try to load fixture 5 using format and compression discovery; this will fail
-# because there are two fixture5's in the fixtures directory
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture5', verbosity=0) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
-Multiple fixtures named 'fixture5' in '...fixtures'. Aborting.
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Load db fixtures 1 and 2. These will load using the 'default' database identifier implicitly
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_1', verbosity=0)
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_2', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Who needs more than one database?>, <Article: Who needs to use compressed data?>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Load db fixtures 1 and 2. These will load using the 'default' database identifier explicitly
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_1', verbosity=0, using='default')
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_2', verbosity=0, using='default')
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Who needs more than one database?>, <Article: Who needs to use compressed data?>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Try to load db fixture 3. This won't load because the database identifier doesn't match
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_3', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_3', verbosity=0, using='default')
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Load back in fixture 1, we need the articles from it
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture1', verbosity=0)
-
-# Try to load fixture 6 using format discovery
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture6', verbosity=0)
->>> Tag.objects.all()
-[<Tag: <Article: Time to reform copyright> tagged "copyright">, <Tag: <Article: Time to reform copyright> tagged "law">]
-
-# Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures', format='json', use_natural_keys=True)
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "copyright", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "law", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Django Reinhardt"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Prince"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Stephane Grappelli"}}]
-
-# Dump the current contents of the database as an XML fixture
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures', format='xml', use_natural_keys=True)
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<django-objects version="1.0"><object pk="1" model="fixtures.category"><field type="CharField" name="title">News Stories</field><field type="TextField" name="description">Latest news stories</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Time to reform copyright</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 13:00:00</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Poker has no place on ESPN</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 12:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Python program becomes self aware</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 11:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">copyright</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">law</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Django Reinhardt</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Prince</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Stephane Grappelli</field></object></django-objects>
-
-"""
-
-from django.test import TestCase
-
-class SampleTestCase(TestCase):
-    fixtures = ['fixture1.json', 'fixture2.json']
-
-    def testClassFixtures(self):
-        "Check that test case has installed 4 fixture objects"
-        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.count(), 4)
-        self.assertEquals(str(Article.objects.all()), "[<Article: Django conquers world!>, <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>, <Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]")
diff --git a/tests/modeltests/fixtures/tests.py b/tests/modeltests/fixtures/tests.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..4facc6dee9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/modeltests/fixtures/tests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+import StringIO
+import sys
+
+from django.test import TestCase, TransactionTestCase
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.core import management
+from django.db import DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
+
+from models import Article, Blog, Book, Category, Person, Tag, Visa
+
+class TestCaseFixtureLoadingTests(TestCase):
+    fixtures = ['fixture1.json', 'fixture2.json']
+
+    def testClassFixtures(self):
+        "Check that test case has installed 4 fixture objects"
+        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.count(), 4)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Django conquers world!>',
+            '<Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>',
+            '<Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+class FixtureLoadingTests(TestCase):
+
+    def _dumpdata_assert(self, args, output, format='json', natural_keys=False):
+        new_io = StringIO.StringIO()
+        management.call_command('dumpdata', *args, **{'format':format, 'stdout':new_io, 'use_natural_keys':natural_keys})
+        command_output = new_io.getvalue().strip()
+        self.assertEqual(command_output, output)
+
+    def test_initial_data(self):
+        # Syncdb introduces 1 initial data object from initial_data.json.
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+    def test_loading_and_dumping(self):
+        new_io = StringIO.StringIO()
+
+        # Load fixture 1. Single JSON file, with two objects.
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture1.json', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Time to reform copyright>',
+            '<Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+        # Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]')
+
+        # Try just dumping the contents of fixtures.Category
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.Category'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}]')
+
+        # ...and just fixtures.Article
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.Article'], '[{"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]')
+
+        # ...and both
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.Category', 'fixtures.Article'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]')
+
+        # Specify a specific model twice
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.Article', 'fixtures.Article'], '[{"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]')
+
+        # Specify a dump that specifies Article both explicitly and implicitly
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.Article', 'fixtures'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]')
+
+        # Same again, but specify in the reverse order
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]')
+
+        # Specify one model from one application, and an entire other application.
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.Category', 'sites'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "sites.site", "fields": {"domain": "example.com", "name": "example.com"}}]')
+
+        # Load fixture 2. JSON file imported by default. Overwrites some existing objects
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture2.json', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Django conquers world!>',
+            '<Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>',
+            '<Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+        # Load fixture 3, XML format.
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture3.xml', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: XML identified as leading cause of cancer>',
+            '<Article: Django conquers world!>',
+            '<Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>',
+            '<Article: Poker on TV is great!>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+        # Load fixture 6, JSON file with dynamic ContentType fields. Testing ManyToOne.
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture6.json', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Tag.objects.all(), [
+            '<Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "copyright">',
+            '<Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "law">'
+        ])
+
+        # Load fixture 7, XML file with dynamic ContentType fields. Testing ManyToOne.
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture7.xml', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Tag.objects.all(), [
+            '<Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "copyright">',
+            '<Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "legal">',
+            '<Tag: <Article: Django conquers world!> tagged "django">',
+            '<Tag: <Article: Django conquers world!> tagged "world domination">'
+        ])
+
+        # Load fixture 8, JSON file with dynamic Permission fields. Testing ManyToMany.
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture8.json', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Visa.objects.all(), [
+            '<Visa: Django Reinhardt Can add user, Can change user, Can delete user>',
+            '<Visa: Stephane Grappelli Can add user>',
+            '<Visa: Prince >'
+        ])
+
+        # Load fixture 9, XML file with dynamic Permission fields. Testing ManyToMany.
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture9.xml', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Visa.objects.all(), [
+            '<Visa: Django Reinhardt Can add user, Can change user, Can delete user>',
+            '<Visa: Stephane Grappelli Can add user, Can delete user>',
+            '<Visa: Artist formerly known as "Prince" Can change user>'
+        ])
+
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.all(), [
+            '<Book: Music for all ages by Artist formerly known as "Prince" and Django Reinhardt>'
+        ])
+
+        # Load a fixture that doesn't exist
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'unknown.json', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+
+        # object list is unaffected
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: XML identified as leading cause of cancer>',
+            '<Article: Django conquers world!>',
+            '<Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>',
+            '<Article: Poker on TV is great!>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+        # By default, you get raw keys on dumpdata
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.book'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.book", "fields": {"name": "Music for all ages", "authors": [3, 1]}}]')
+
+        # But you can get natural keys if you ask for them and they are available
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.book'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.book", "fields": {"name": "Music for all ages", "authors": [["Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""], ["Django Reinhardt"]]}}]', natural_keys=True)
+
+        # Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 5, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "XML identified as leading cause of cancer", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 16:00:00"}}, {"pk": 4, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Django conquers world!", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 15:00:00"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Copyright is fine the way it is", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 14:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker on TV is great!", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "copyright", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "legal", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "django", "tagged_id": 4}}, {"pk": 4, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "world domination", "tagged_id": 4}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Django Reinhardt"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Stephane Grappelli"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.visa", "fields": {"person": ["Django Reinhardt"], "permissions": [["add_user", "auth", "user"], ["change_user", "auth", "user"], ["delete_user", "auth", "user"]]}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.visa", "fields": {"person": ["Stephane Grappelli"], "permissions": [["add_user", "auth", "user"], ["delete_user", "auth", "user"]]}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.visa", "fields": {"person": ["Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""], "permissions": [["change_user", "auth", "user"]]}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.book", "fields": {"name": "Music for all ages", "authors": [["Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""], ["Django Reinhardt"]]}}]', natural_keys=True)
+
+        # Dump the current contents of the database as an XML fixture
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures'], """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<django-objects version="1.0"><object pk="1" model="fixtures.category"><field type="CharField" name="title">News Stories</field><field type="TextField" name="description">Latest news stories</field></object><object pk="5" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">XML identified as leading cause of cancer</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 16:00:00</field></object><object pk="4" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Django conquers world!</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 15:00:00</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Copyright is fine the way it is</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 14:00:00</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Poker on TV is great!</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 11:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Python program becomes self aware</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 11:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">copyright</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">legal</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">django</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">4</field></object><object pk="4" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">world domination</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">4</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Artist formerly known as "Prince"</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Django Reinhardt</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Stephane Grappelli</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.visa"><field to="fixtures.person" name="person" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>Django Reinhardt</natural></field><field to="auth.permission" name="permissions" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>add_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object><object><natural>change_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object><object><natural>delete_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object></field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.visa"><field to="fixtures.person" name="person" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>Stephane Grappelli</natural></field><field to="auth.permission" name="permissions" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>add_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object><object><natural>delete_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object></field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.visa"><field to="fixtures.person" name="person" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>Artist formerly known as "Prince"</natural></field><field to="auth.permission" name="permissions" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>change_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object></field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.book"><field type="CharField" name="name">Music for all ages</field><field to="fixtures.person" name="authors" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>Artist formerly known as "Prince"</natural></object><object><natural>Django Reinhardt</natural></object></field></object></django-objects>""", format='xml', natural_keys=True)
+
+    def test_compress_format_loading(self):
+        # Load fixture 4 (compressed), using format specification
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture4.json', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Django pets kitten>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+    def test_compressed_specified_loading(self):
+        # Load fixture 5 (compressed), using format *and* compression specification
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture5.json.zip', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: WoW subscribers now outnumber readers>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+    def test_compressed_loading(self):
+        # Load fixture 5 (compressed), only compression specification
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture5.zip', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: WoW subscribers now outnumber readers>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+    def test_ambiguous_compressed_fixture(self):
+        # The name "fixture5" is ambigous, so loading it will raise an error
+        new_io = StringIO.StringIO()
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture5', verbosity=0, stderr=new_io, commit=False)
+        output = new_io.getvalue().strip().split('\n')
+        self.assertEqual(len(output), 1)
+        self.assertTrue(output[0].startswith("Multiple fixtures named 'fixture5'"))
+
+    def test_db_loading(self):
+        # Load db fixtures 1 and 2. These will load using the 'default' database identifier implicitly
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_1', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_2', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Who needs more than one database?>',
+            '<Article: Who needs to use compressed data?>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+    def test_loading_using(self):
+        # Load db fixtures 1 and 2. These will load using the 'default' database identifier explicitly
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_1', verbosity=0, using='default', commit=False)
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_2', verbosity=0, using='default', commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Who needs more than one database?>',
+            '<Article: Who needs to use compressed data?>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+    def test_unmatched_identifier_loading(self):
+        # Try to load db fixture 3. This won't load because the database identifier doesn't match
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_3', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_3', verbosity=0, using='default', commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+    def test_output_formats(self):
+        # Load back in fixture 1, we need the articles from it
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture1', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+
+        # Try to load fixture 6 using format discovery
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture6', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Tag.objects.all(), [
+            '<Tag: <Article: Time to reform copyright> tagged "copyright">',
+            '<Tag: <Article: Time to reform copyright> tagged "law">'
+        ])
+
+        # Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "copyright", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "law", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Django Reinhardt"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Prince"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Stephane Grappelli"}}]', natural_keys=True)
+
+        # Dump the current contents of the database as an XML fixture
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures'], """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<django-objects version="1.0"><object pk="1" model="fixtures.category"><field type="CharField" name="title">News Stories</field><field type="TextField" name="description">Latest news stories</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Time to reform copyright</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 13:00:00</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Poker has no place on ESPN</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 12:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Python program becomes self aware</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 11:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">copyright</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">law</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Django Reinhardt</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Prince</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Stephane Grappelli</field></object></django-objects>""", format='xml', natural_keys=True)
+
+if settings.DATABASES[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS]['ENGINE'] != 'django.db.backends.mysql':
+    class FixtureTransactionTests(TransactionTestCase):
+        def _dumpdata_assert(self, args, output, format='json'):
+            new_io = StringIO.StringIO()
+            management.call_command('dumpdata', *args, **{'format':format, 'stdout':new_io})
+            command_output = new_io.getvalue().strip()
+            self.assertEqual(command_output, output)
+
+        def test_format_discovery(self):
+            # Load fixture 1 again, using format discovery
+            management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture1', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+            self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+                '<Article: Time to reform copyright>',
+                '<Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>',
+                '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+            ])
+
+            # Try to load fixture 2 using format discovery; this will fail
+            # because there are two fixture2's in the fixtures directory
+            new_io = StringIO.StringIO()
+            management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture2', verbosity=0, stderr=new_io)
+            output = new_io.getvalue().strip().split('\n')
+            self.assertEqual(len(output), 1)
+            self.assertTrue(output[0].startswith("Multiple fixtures named 'fixture2'"))
+
+            # object list is unaffected
+            self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+                '<Article: Time to reform copyright>',
+                '<Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>',
+                '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+            ])
+
+            # Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
+            self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]')
+
+            # Load fixture 4 (compressed), using format discovery
+            management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture4', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+            self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+                '<Article: Django pets kitten>',
+                '<Article: Time to reform copyright>',
+                '<Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>',
+                '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+            ])
diff --git a/tests/modeltests/proxy_model_inheritance/tests.py b/tests/modeltests/proxy_model_inheritance/tests.py
index a07958a13b..d10d6a4ac1 100644
--- a/tests/modeltests/proxy_model_inheritance/tests.py
+++ b/tests/modeltests/proxy_model_inheritance/tests.py
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ class ProxyModelInheritanceTests(TransactionTestCase):
         settings.INSTALLED_APPS = ('app1', 'app2')
         map(load_app, settings.INSTALLED_APPS)
         call_command('syncdb', verbosity=0)
+        global ProxyModel, NiceModel
         from app1.models import ProxyModel
         from app2.models import NiceModel
-        global ProxyModel, NiceModel
 
     def tearDown(self):
         settings.INSTALLED_APPS = self.old_installed_apps