[5.1.x] Fixed CVE-2025-59681 -- Protected QuerySet.annotate(), alias(), aggregate(), and extra() against SQL injection in column aliases on MySQL/MariaDB.

Thanks sw0rd1ight for the report.

Follow up to 93cae5cb2f9a4ef1514cf1a41f714fef08005200.

Backport of 41b43c74bda19753c757036673ea9db74acf494a from main.

7 files changed, 40 insertions, 25 deletions

diff --git a/django/db/models/sql/query.py b/django/db/models/sql/query.py
index 332e4f2ac6..b39b74322b 100644
--- a/django/db/models/sql/query.py
+++ b/django/db/models/sql/query.py
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ from django.utils.tree import Node
 
 __all__ = ["Query", "RawQuery"]
 
-# Quotation marks ('"`[]), whitespace characters, semicolons, or inline
+# Quotation marks ('"`[]), whitespace characters, semicolons, hashes, or inline
 # SQL comments are forbidden in column aliases.
-FORBIDDEN_ALIAS_PATTERN = _lazy_re_compile(r"['`\"\]\[;\s]|--|/\*|\*/")
+FORBIDDEN_ALIAS_PATTERN = _lazy_re_compile(r"['`\"\]\[;\s]|#|--|/\*|\*/")
 
 # Inspired from
 # https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-syntax-lexical.html#SQL-SYNTAX-IDENTIFIERS
@@ -1184,8 +1184,8 @@ class Query(BaseExpression):
     def check_alias(self, alias):
         if FORBIDDEN_ALIAS_PATTERN.search(alias):
             raise ValueError(
-                "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation marks, "
-                "semicolons, or SQL comments."
+                "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, "
+                "quotation marks, semicolons, or SQL comments."
             )
 
     def add_annotation(self, annotation, alias, select=True):
diff --git a/docs/releases/4.2.25.txt b/docs/releases/4.2.25.txt
index 69f238c3c1..5412777055 100644
--- a/docs/releases/4.2.25.txt
+++ b/docs/releases/4.2.25.txt
@@ -7,4 +7,11 @@ Django 4.2.25 release notes
 Django 4.2.25 fixes one security issue with severity "high" and one security
 issue with severity "low" in 4.2.24.
 
-...
+CVE-2025-59681: Potential SQL injection in ``QuerySet.annotate()``, ``alias()``, ``aggregate()``, and ``extra()`` on MySQL and MariaDB
+======================================================================================================================================
+
+:meth:`.QuerySet.annotate`, :meth:`~.QuerySet.alias`,
+:meth:`~.QuerySet.aggregate`, and :meth:`~.QuerySet.extra` methods were subject
+to SQL injection in column aliases, using a suitably crafted dictionary, with
+dictionary expansion, as the ``**kwargs`` passed to these methods (follow up to
+:cve:`2022-28346`).
diff --git a/docs/releases/5.1.13.txt b/docs/releases/5.1.13.txt
index a181694be2..96b81c0102 100644
--- a/docs/releases/5.1.13.txt
+++ b/docs/releases/5.1.13.txt
@@ -7,4 +7,11 @@ Django 5.1.13 release notes
 Django 5.1.13 fixes one security issue with severity "high" and one security
 issue with severity "low" in 5.1.12.
 
-...
+CVE-2025-59681: Potential SQL injection in ``QuerySet.annotate()``, ``alias()``, ``aggregate()``, and ``extra()`` on MySQL and MariaDB
+======================================================================================================================================
+
+:meth:`.QuerySet.annotate`, :meth:`~.QuerySet.alias`,
+:meth:`~.QuerySet.aggregate`, and :meth:`~.QuerySet.extra` methods were subject
+to SQL injection in column aliases, using a suitably crafted dictionary, with
+dictionary expansion, as the ``**kwargs`` passed to these methods (follow up to
+:cve:`2022-28346`).
diff --git a/tests/aggregation/tests.py b/tests/aggregation/tests.py
index a5914f1878..0ebd5be758 100644
--- a/tests/aggregation/tests.py
+++ b/tests/aggregation/tests.py
@@ -2133,8 +2133,8 @@ class AggregateTestCase(TestCase):
     def test_alias_sql_injection(self):
         crafted_alias = """injected_name" from "aggregation_author"; --"""
         msg = (
-            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation marks, "
-            "semicolons, or SQL comments."
+            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, quotation "
+            "marks, semicolons, or SQL comments."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             Author.objects.aggregate(**{crafted_alias: Avg("age")})
diff --git a/tests/annotations/tests.py b/tests/annotations/tests.py
index 01fa6958db..ac40408977 100644
--- a/tests/annotations/tests.py
+++ b/tests/annotations/tests.py
@@ -1127,8 +1127,8 @@ class NonAggregateAnnotationTestCase(TestCase):
     def test_alias_sql_injection(self):
         crafted_alias = """injected_name" from "annotations_book"; --"""
         msg = (
-            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation marks, "
-            "semicolons, or SQL comments."
+            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, quotation "
+            "marks, semicolons, or SQL comments."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             Book.objects.annotate(**{crafted_alias: Value(1)})
@@ -1136,8 +1136,8 @@ class NonAggregateAnnotationTestCase(TestCase):
     def test_alias_filtered_relation_sql_injection(self):
         crafted_alias = """injected_name" from "annotations_book"; --"""
         msg = (
-            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation marks, "
-            "semicolons, or SQL comments."
+            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, quotation "
+            "marks, semicolons, or SQL comments."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             Book.objects.annotate(**{crafted_alias: FilteredRelation("author")})
@@ -1154,13 +1154,14 @@ class NonAggregateAnnotationTestCase(TestCase):
             "ali/*as",
             "alias*/",
             "alias;",
-            # [] are used by MSSQL.
+            # [] and # are used by MSSQL.
             "alias[",
             "alias]",
+            "ali#as",
         ]
         msg = (
-            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation marks, "
-            "semicolons, or SQL comments."
+            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, quotation "
+            "marks, semicolons, or SQL comments."
         )
         for crafted_alias in tests:
             with self.subTest(crafted_alias):
@@ -1439,8 +1440,8 @@ class AliasTests(TestCase):
     def test_alias_sql_injection(self):
         crafted_alias = """injected_name" from "annotations_book"; --"""
         msg = (
-            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation marks, "
-            "semicolons, or SQL comments."
+            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, quotation "
+            "marks, semicolons, or SQL comments."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             Book.objects.alias(**{crafted_alias: Value(1)})
@@ -1448,8 +1449,8 @@ class AliasTests(TestCase):
     def test_alias_filtered_relation_sql_injection(self):
         crafted_alias = """injected_name" from "annotations_book"; --"""
         msg = (
-            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation marks, "
-            "semicolons, or SQL comments."
+            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, quotation "
+            "marks, semicolons, or SQL comments."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             Book.objects.alias(**{crafted_alias: FilteredRelation("authors")})
diff --git a/tests/expressions/test_queryset_values.py b/tests/expressions/test_queryset_values.py
index 47bd1358de..080ee06183 100644
--- a/tests/expressions/test_queryset_values.py
+++ b/tests/expressions/test_queryset_values.py
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ class ValuesExpressionsTests(TestCase):
     def test_values_expression_alias_sql_injection(self):
         crafted_alias = """injected_name" from "expressions_company"; --"""
         msg = (
-            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation marks, "
-            "semicolons, or SQL comments."
+            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, quotation "
+            "marks, semicolons, or SQL comments."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             Company.objects.values(**{crafted_alias: F("ceo__salary")})
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ class ValuesExpressionsTests(TestCase):
     def test_values_expression_alias_sql_injection_json_field(self):
         crafted_alias = """injected_name" from "expressions_company"; --"""
         msg = (
-            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation marks, "
-            "semicolons, or SQL comments."
+            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, quotation "
+            "marks, semicolons, or SQL comments."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             JSONFieldModel.objects.values(f"data__{crafted_alias}")
diff --git a/tests/queries/tests.py b/tests/queries/tests.py
index 7ac8a65d42..f76a368021 100644
--- a/tests/queries/tests.py
+++ b/tests/queries/tests.py
@@ -1964,8 +1964,8 @@ class Queries5Tests(TestCase):
     def test_extra_select_alias_sql_injection(self):
         crafted_alias = """injected_name" from "queries_note"; --"""
         msg = (
-            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, quotation marks, "
-            "semicolons, or SQL comments."
+            "Column aliases cannot contain whitespace characters, hashes, quotation "
+            "marks, semicolons, or SQL comments."
         )
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
             Note.objects.extra(select={crafted_alias: "1"})