From 62510f01e76ad0526c94ea6d1bc6399c1ddf3df4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: django-bot <ops@djangoproject.com>
Date: Wed, 1 Mar 2023 13:35:43 +0100
Subject: [4.2.x] Fixed #34140 -- Reformatted code blocks in docs with
 blacken-docs.

---
 docs/ref/forms/api.txt        | 219 ++++++++++++++++++++++++------------------
 docs/ref/forms/fields.txt     | 102 ++++++++++++--------
 docs/ref/forms/renderers.txt  |   3 +-
 docs/ref/forms/validation.txt |  66 +++++++------
 docs/ref/forms/widgets.txt    |  71 ++++++++------
 5 files changed, 270 insertions(+), 191 deletions(-)

(limited to 'docs/ref/forms')

diff --git a/docs/ref/forms/api.txt b/docs/ref/forms/api.txt
index d91dc90a6b..6ae6c2f121 100644
--- a/docs/ref/forms/api.txt
+++ b/docs/ref/forms/api.txt
@@ -36,10 +36,12 @@ your :class:`Form` class constructor:
 
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
-    >>> data = {'subject': 'hello',
-    ...         'message': 'Hi there',
-    ...         'sender': 'foo@example.com',
-    ...         'cc_myself': True}
+    >>> data = {
+    ...     "subject": "hello",
+    ...     "message": "Hi there",
+    ...     "sender": "foo@example.com",
+    ...     "cc_myself": True,
+    ... }
     >>> f = ContactForm(data)
 
 In this dictionary, the keys are the field names, which correspond to the
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ check the value of the form's :attr:`~Form.is_bound` attribute:
     >>> f = ContactForm()
     >>> f.is_bound
     False
-    >>> f = ContactForm({'subject': 'hello'})
+    >>> f = ContactForm({"subject": "hello"})
     >>> f.is_bound
     True
 
@@ -93,10 +95,12 @@ and return a boolean designating whether the data was valid:
 
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
-    >>> data = {'subject': 'hello',
-    ...         'message': 'Hi there',
-    ...         'sender': 'foo@example.com',
-    ...         'cc_myself': True}
+    >>> data = {
+    ...     "subject": "hello",
+    ...     "message": "Hi there",
+    ...     "sender": "foo@example.com",
+    ...     "cc_myself": True,
+    ... }
     >>> f = ContactForm(data)
     >>> f.is_valid()
     True
@@ -107,10 +111,12 @@ email address:
 
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
-    >>> data = {'subject': '',
-    ...         'message': 'Hi there',
-    ...         'sender': 'invalid email address',
-    ...         'cc_myself': True}
+    >>> data = {
+    ...     "subject": "",
+    ...     "message": "Hi there",
+    ...     "sender": "invalid email address",
+    ...     "cc_myself": True,
+    ... }
     >>> f = ContactForm(data)
     >>> f.is_valid()
     False
@@ -256,7 +262,7 @@ it's not necessary to include every field in your form. For example:
 
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
-    >>> f = ContactForm(initial={'subject': 'Hi there!'})
+    >>> f = ContactForm(initial={"subject": "Hi there!"})
 
 These values are only displayed for unbound forms, and they're not used as
 fallback values if a particular value isn't provided.
@@ -271,10 +277,11 @@ precedence:
 
     >>> from django import forms
     >>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):
-    ...     name = forms.CharField(initial='class')
+    ...     name = forms.CharField(initial="class")
     ...     url = forms.URLField()
     ...     comment = forms.CharField()
-    >>> f = CommentForm(initial={'name': 'instance'}, auto_id=False)
+    ...
+    >>> f = CommentForm(initial={"name": "instance"}, auto_id=False)
     >>> print(f)
     <tr><th>Name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" value="instance" required></td></tr>
     <tr><th>Url:</th><td><input type="url" name="url" required></td></tr>
@@ -298,15 +305,16 @@ dealing with callables whose return values can change (e.g. ``datetime.now`` or
     >>> import uuid
     >>> class UUIDCommentForm(CommentForm):
     ...     identifier = forms.UUIDField(initial=uuid.uuid4)
+    ...
     >>> f = UUIDCommentForm()
-    >>> f.get_initial_for_field(f.fields['identifier'], 'identifier')
+    >>> f.get_initial_for_field(f.fields["identifier"], "identifier")
     UUID('972ca9e4-7bfe-4f5b-af7d-07b3aa306334')
-    >>> f.get_initial_for_field(f.fields['identifier'], 'identifier')
+    >>> f.get_initial_for_field(f.fields["identifier"], "identifier")
     UUID('1b411fab-844e-4dec-bd4f-e9b0495f04d0')
     >>> # Using BoundField.initial, for comparison
-    >>> f['identifier'].initial
+    >>> f["identifier"].initial
     UUID('28a09c59-5f00-4ed9-9179-a3b074fa9c30')
-    >>> f['identifier'].initial
+    >>> f["identifier"].initial
     UUID('28a09c59-5f00-4ed9-9179-a3b074fa9c30')
 
 Checking which form data has changed
@@ -358,12 +366,13 @@ attribute:
 
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
-    >>> for row in f.fields.values(): print(row)
+    >>> for row in f.fields.values():
+    ...     print(row)
     ...
     <django.forms.fields.CharField object at 0x7ffaac632510>
     <django.forms.fields.URLField object at 0x7ffaac632f90>
     <django.forms.fields.CharField object at 0x7ffaac3aa050>
-    >>> f.fields['name']
+    >>> f.fields["name"]
     <django.forms.fields.CharField object at 0x7ffaac6324d0>
 
 You can alter the field and :class:`.BoundField` of :class:`Form` instance to
@@ -409,10 +418,12 @@ it, you can access the clean data via its ``cleaned_data`` attribute:
 
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
-    >>> data = {'subject': 'hello',
-    ...         'message': 'Hi there',
-    ...         'sender': 'foo@example.com',
-    ...         'cc_myself': True}
+    >>> data = {
+    ...     "subject": "hello",
+    ...     "message": "Hi there",
+    ...     "sender": "foo@example.com",
+    ...     "cc_myself": True,
+    ... }
     >>> f = ContactForm(data)
     >>> f.is_valid()
     True
@@ -428,10 +439,12 @@ only the valid fields:
 
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
-    >>> data = {'subject': '',
-    ...         'message': 'Hi there',
-    ...         'sender': 'invalid email address',
-    ...         'cc_myself': True}
+    >>> data = {
+    ...     "subject": "",
+    ...     "message": "Hi there",
+    ...     "sender": "invalid email address",
+    ...     "cc_myself": True,
+    ... }
     >>> f = ContactForm(data)
     >>> f.is_valid()
     False
@@ -445,17 +458,19 @@ but ``cleaned_data`` contains only the form's fields:
 
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
-    >>> data = {'subject': 'hello',
-    ...         'message': 'Hi there',
-    ...         'sender': 'foo@example.com',
-    ...         'cc_myself': True,
-    ...         'extra_field_1': 'foo',
-    ...         'extra_field_2': 'bar',
-    ...         'extra_field_3': 'baz'}
+    >>> data = {
+    ...     "subject": "hello",
+    ...     "message": "Hi there",
+    ...     "sender": "foo@example.com",
+    ...     "cc_myself": True,
+    ...     "extra_field_1": "foo",
+    ...     "extra_field_2": "bar",
+    ...     "extra_field_3": "baz",
+    ... }
     >>> f = ContactForm(data)
     >>> f.is_valid()
     True
-    >>> f.cleaned_data # Doesn't contain extra_field_1, etc.
+    >>> f.cleaned_data  # Doesn't contain extra_field_1, etc.
     {'cc_myself': True, 'message': 'Hi there', 'sender': 'foo@example.com', 'subject': 'hello'}
 
 When the ``Form`` is valid, ``cleaned_data`` will include a key and value for
@@ -470,7 +485,8 @@ fields. In this example, the data dictionary doesn't include a value for the
     ...     first_name = forms.CharField()
     ...     last_name = forms.CharField()
     ...     nick_name = forms.CharField(required=False)
-    >>> data = {'first_name': 'John', 'last_name': 'Lennon'}
+    ...
+    >>> data = {"first_name": "John", "last_name": "Lennon"}
     >>> f = OptionalPersonForm(data)
     >>> f.is_valid()
     True
@@ -513,10 +529,12 @@ include ``checked`` if appropriate:
 
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
-    >>> data = {'subject': 'hello',
-    ...         'message': 'Hi there',
-    ...         'sender': 'foo@example.com',
-    ...         'cc_myself': True}
+    >>> data = {
+    ...     "subject": "hello",
+    ...     "message": "Hi there",
+    ...     "sender": "foo@example.com",
+    ...     "cc_myself": True,
+    ... }
     >>> f = ContactForm(data)
     >>> print(f)
     <tr><th><label for="id_subject">Subject:</label></th><td><input id="id_subject" type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" value="hello" required></td></tr>
@@ -776,9 +794,10 @@ attributes::
 
     from django import forms
 
+
     class ContactForm(forms.Form):
-        error_css_class = 'error'
-        required_css_class = 'required'
+        error_css_class = "error"
+        required_css_class = "required"
 
         # ... and the rest of your fields here
 
@@ -793,13 +812,13 @@ classes, as needed. The HTML will look something like:
     <tr class="required"><th><label class="required" for="id_message">Message:</label>    ...
     <tr class="required error"><th><label class="required" for="id_sender">Sender:</label>      ...
     <tr><th><label for="id_cc_myself">Cc myself:<label> ...
-    >>> f['subject'].label_tag()
+    >>> f["subject"].label_tag()
     <label class="required" for="id_subject">Subject:</label>
-    >>> f['subject'].legend_tag()
+    >>> f["subject"].legend_tag()
     <legend class="required" for="id_subject">Subject:</legend>
-    >>> f['subject'].label_tag(attrs={'class': 'foo'})
+    >>> f["subject"].label_tag(attrs={"class": "foo"})
     <label for="id_subject" class="foo required">Subject:</label>
-    >>> f['subject'].legend_tag(attrs={'class': 'foo'})
+    >>> f["subject"].legend_tag(attrs={"class": "foo"})
     <legend for="id_subject" class="foo required">Subject:</legend>
 
 .. _ref-forms-api-configuring-label:
@@ -859,7 +878,7 @@ attributes based on the format string. For example, for a format string
 
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
-    >>> f = ContactForm(auto_id='id_for_%s')
+    >>> f = ContactForm(auto_id="id_for_%s")
     >>> print(f.as_div())
     <div><label for="id_for_subject">Subject:</label><input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required id="id_for_subject"></div>
     <div><label for="id_for_message">Message:</label><textarea name="message" cols="40" rows="10" required id="id_for_message"></textarea></div>
@@ -881,13 +900,13 @@ It's possible to customize that character, or omit it entirely, using the
 
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
-    >>> f = ContactForm(auto_id='id_for_%s', label_suffix='')
+    >>> f = ContactForm(auto_id="id_for_%s", label_suffix="")
     >>> print(f.as_div())
     <div><label for="id_for_subject">Subject</label><input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required id="id_for_subject"></div>
     <div><label for="id_for_message">Message</label><textarea name="message" cols="40" rows="10" required id="id_for_message"></textarea></div>
     <div><label for="id_for_sender">Sender</label><input type="email" name="sender" required id="id_for_sender"></div>
     <div><label for="id_for_cc_myself">Cc myself</label><input type="checkbox" name="cc_myself" id="id_for_cc_myself"></div>
-    >>> f = ContactForm(auto_id='id_for_%s', label_suffix=' ->')
+    >>> f = ContactForm(auto_id="id_for_%s", label_suffix=" ->")
     >>> print(f.as_div())
     <div><label for="id_for_subject">Subject:</label><input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required id="id_for_subject"></div>
     <div><label for="id_for_message">Message -&gt;</label><textarea name="message" cols="40" rows="10" required id="id_for_message"></textarea></div>
@@ -928,6 +947,7 @@ You can set this as a class attribute when declaring your form or use the
 
     from django import forms
 
+
     class MyForm(forms.Form):
         default_renderer = MyRenderer()
 
@@ -976,10 +996,12 @@ method you're using:
 
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
-    >>> data = {'subject': '',
-    ...         'message': 'Hi there',
-    ...         'sender': 'invalid email address',
-    ...         'cc_myself': True}
+    >>> data = {
+    ...     "subject": "",
+    ...     "message": "Hi there",
+    ...     "sender": "invalid email address",
+    ...     "cc_myself": True,
+    ... }
     >>> f = ContactForm(data, auto_id=False)
     >>> print(f.as_div())
     <div>Subject:<ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul><input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></div>
@@ -1106,7 +1128,7 @@ using the field's name as the key:
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
     >>> form = ContactForm()
-    >>> print(form['subject'])
+    >>> print(form["subject"])
     <input id="id_subject" type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required>
 
 To retrieve all ``BoundField`` objects, iterate the form:
@@ -1114,7 +1136,9 @@ To retrieve all ``BoundField`` objects, iterate the form:
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
     >>> form = ContactForm()
-    >>> for boundfield in form: print(boundfield)
+    >>> for boundfield in form:
+    ...     print(boundfield)
+    ...
     <input id="id_subject" type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required>
     <input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" required>
     <input type="email" name="sender" id="id_sender" required>
@@ -1125,10 +1149,10 @@ The field-specific output honors the form object's ``auto_id`` setting:
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
     >>> f = ContactForm(auto_id=False)
-    >>> print(f['message'])
+    >>> print(f["message"])
     <input type="text" name="message" required>
-    >>> f = ContactForm(auto_id='id_%s')
-    >>> print(f['message'])
+    >>> f = ContactForm(auto_id="id_%s")
+    >>> print(f["message"])
     <input type="text" name="message" id="id_message" required>
 
 Attributes of ``BoundField``
@@ -1148,10 +1172,10 @@ Attributes of ``BoundField``
     .. code-block:: pycon
 
         >>> unbound_form = ContactForm()
-        >>> print(unbound_form['subject'].data)
+        >>> print(unbound_form["subject"].data)
         None
-        >>> bound_form = ContactForm(data={'subject': 'My Subject'})
-        >>> print(bound_form['subject'].data)
+        >>> bound_form = ContactForm(data={"subject": "My Subject"})
+        >>> print(bound_form["subject"].data)
         My Subject
 
 .. attribute:: BoundField.errors
@@ -1161,19 +1185,19 @@ Attributes of ``BoundField``
 
     .. code-block:: pycon
 
-        >>> data = {'subject': 'hi', 'message': '', 'sender': '', 'cc_myself': ''}
+        >>> data = {"subject": "hi", "message": "", "sender": "", "cc_myself": ""}
         >>> f = ContactForm(data, auto_id=False)
-        >>> print(f['message'])
+        >>> print(f["message"])
         <input type="text" name="message" required>
-        >>> f['message'].errors
+        >>> f["message"].errors
         ['This field is required.']
-        >>> print(f['message'].errors)
+        >>> print(f["message"].errors)
         <ul class="errorlist"><li>This field is required.</li></ul>
-        >>> f['subject'].errors
+        >>> f["subject"].errors
         []
-        >>> print(f['subject'].errors)
+        >>> print(f["subject"].errors)
 
-        >>> str(f['subject'].errors)
+        >>> str(f["subject"].errors)
         ''
 
 .. attribute:: BoundField.field
@@ -1211,7 +1235,7 @@ Attributes of ``BoundField``
     :attr:`~django.forms.Widget.attrs` on the field's widget. For example,
     declaring a field like this::
 
-        my_field = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'id': 'myFIELD'}))
+        my_field = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={"id": "myFIELD"}))
 
     and using the template above, would render something like:
 
@@ -1235,10 +1259,11 @@ Attributes of ``BoundField``
         >>> from datetime import datetime
         >>> class DatedCommentForm(CommentForm):
         ...     created = forms.DateTimeField(initial=datetime.now)
+        ...
         >>> f = DatedCommentForm()
-        >>> f['created'].initial
+        >>> f["created"].initial
         datetime.datetime(2021, 7, 27, 9, 5, 54)
-        >>> f['created'].initial
+        >>> f["created"].initial
         datetime.datetime(2021, 7, 27, 9, 5, 54)
 
     Using :attr:`BoundField.initial` is recommended over
@@ -1261,9 +1286,9 @@ Attributes of ``BoundField``
     .. code-block:: pycon
 
         >>> f = ContactForm()
-        >>> print(f['subject'].name)
+        >>> print(f["subject"].name)
         subject
-        >>> print(f['message'].name)
+        >>> print(f["message"].name)
         message
 
 .. attribute:: BoundField.use_fieldset
@@ -1318,8 +1343,8 @@ Methods of ``BoundField``
 
     .. code-block:: pycon
 
-        >>> f = ContactForm(data={'message': ''})
-        >>> f['message'].css_classes()
+        >>> f = ContactForm(data={"message": ""})
+        >>> f["message"].css_classes()
         'required'
 
     If you want to provide some additional classes in addition to the
@@ -1328,8 +1353,8 @@ Methods of ``BoundField``
 
     .. code-block:: pycon
 
-        >>> f = ContactForm(data={'message': ''})
-        >>> f['message'].css_classes('foo bar')
+        >>> f = ContactForm(data={"message": ""})
+        >>> f["message"].css_classes("foo bar")
         'foo bar required'
 
 .. method:: BoundField.label_tag(contents=None, attrs=None, label_suffix=None, tag=None)
@@ -1363,8 +1388,8 @@ Methods of ``BoundField``
 
     .. code-block:: pycon
 
-        >>> f = ContactForm(data={'message': ''})
-        >>> print(f['message'].label_tag())
+        >>> f = ContactForm(data={"message": ""})
+        >>> print(f["message"].label_tag())
         <label for="id_message">Message:</label>
 
     If you'd like to customize the rendering this can be achieved by overriding
@@ -1392,12 +1417,12 @@ Methods of ``BoundField``
 
     .. code-block:: pycon
 
-        >>> initial = {'subject': 'welcome'}
+        >>> initial = {"subject": "welcome"}
         >>> unbound_form = ContactForm(initial=initial)
-        >>> bound_form = ContactForm(data={'subject': 'hi'}, initial=initial)
-        >>> print(unbound_form['subject'].value())
+        >>> bound_form = ContactForm(data={"subject": "hi"}, initial=initial)
+        >>> print(unbound_form["subject"].value())
         welcome
-        >>> print(bound_form['subject'].value())
+        >>> print(bound_form["subject"].value())
         hi
 
 Customizing ``BoundField``
@@ -1433,6 +1458,7 @@ be implemented as follows::
             else:
                 return None
 
+
     class GPSCoordinatesField(Field):
         def get_bound_field(self, form, field_name):
             return GPSCoordinatesBoundField(form, self, field_name)
@@ -1467,11 +1493,13 @@ need to bind the file data containing the mugshot image:
 
     # Bound form with an image field
     >>> from django.core.files.uploadedfile import SimpleUploadedFile
-    >>> data = {'subject': 'hello',
-    ...         'message': 'Hi there',
-    ...         'sender': 'foo@example.com',
-    ...         'cc_myself': True}
-    >>> file_data = {'mugshot': SimpleUploadedFile('face.jpg', b"file data")}
+    >>> data = {
+    ...     "subject": "hello",
+    ...     "message": "Hi there",
+    ...     "sender": "foo@example.com",
+    ...     "cc_myself": True,
+    ... }
+    >>> file_data = {"mugshot": SimpleUploadedFile("face.jpg", b"file data")}
     >>> f = ContactFormWithMugshot(data, file_data)
 
 In practice, you will usually specify ``request.FILES`` as the source
@@ -1536,6 +1564,7 @@ fields are ordered first:
 
     >>> class ContactFormWithPriority(ContactForm):
     ...     priority = forms.CharField()
+    ...
     >>> f = ContactFormWithPriority(auto_id=False)
     >>> print(f.as_div())
     <div>Subject:<input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required></div>
@@ -1555,10 +1584,13 @@ classes:
     >>> class PersonForm(forms.Form):
     ...     first_name = forms.CharField()
     ...     last_name = forms.CharField()
+    ...
     >>> class InstrumentForm(forms.Form):
     ...     instrument = forms.CharField()
+    ...
     >>> class BeatleForm(InstrumentForm, PersonForm):
     ...     haircut_type = forms.CharField()
+    ...
     >>> b = BeatleForm(auto_id=False)
     >>> print(b.as_div())
     <div>First name:<input type="text" name="first_name" required></div>
@@ -1576,9 +1608,11 @@ by setting the name of the field to ``None`` on the subclass. For example:
     >>> class ParentForm(forms.Form):
     ...     name = forms.CharField()
     ...     age = forms.IntegerField()
+    ...
 
     >>> class ChildForm(ParentForm):
     ...     name = None
+    ...
 
     >>> list(ChildForm().fields)
     ['age']
@@ -1610,4 +1644,5 @@ The prefix can also be specified on the form class:
 
     >>> class PersonForm(forms.Form):
     ...     ...
-    ...     prefix = 'person'
+    ...     prefix = "person"
+    ...
diff --git a/docs/ref/forms/fields.txt b/docs/ref/forms/fields.txt
index 1449ab0f30..2ebed3559b 100644
--- a/docs/ref/forms/fields.txt
+++ b/docs/ref/forms/fields.txt
@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ value:
 
     >>> from django import forms
     >>> f = forms.EmailField()
-    >>> f.clean('foo@example.com')
+    >>> f.clean("foo@example.com")
     'foo@example.com'
-    >>> f.clean('invalid email address')
+    >>> f.clean("invalid email address")
     Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
     ValidationError: ['Enter a valid email address.']
@@ -55,9 +55,9 @@ an empty value -- either ``None`` or the empty string (``""``) -- then
 
     >>> from django import forms
     >>> f = forms.CharField()
-    >>> f.clean('foo')
+    >>> f.clean("foo")
     'foo'
-    >>> f.clean('')
+    >>> f.clean("")
     Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
     ValidationError: ['This field is required.']
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ an empty value -- either ``None`` or the empty string (``""``) -- then
     Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
     ValidationError: ['This field is required.']
-    >>> f.clean(' ')
+    >>> f.clean(" ")
     ' '
     >>> f.clean(0)
     '0'
@@ -80,9 +80,9 @@ To specify that a field is *not* required, pass ``required=False`` to the
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
     >>> f = forms.CharField(required=False)
-    >>> f.clean('foo')
+    >>> f.clean("foo")
     'foo'
-    >>> f.clean('')
+    >>> f.clean("")
     ''
     >>> f.clean(None)
     ''
@@ -124,9 +124,10 @@ We've specified ``auto_id=False`` to simplify the output:
 
     >>> from django import forms
     >>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):
-    ...     name = forms.CharField(label='Your name')
-    ...     url = forms.URLField(label='Your website', required=False)
+    ...     name = forms.CharField(label="Your name")
+    ...     url = forms.URLField(label="Your website", required=False)
     ...     comment = forms.CharField()
+    ...
     >>> f = CommentForm(auto_id=False)
     >>> print(f)
     <tr><th>Your name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" required></td></tr>
@@ -146,8 +147,9 @@ The ``label_suffix`` argument lets you override the form's
     >>> class ContactForm(forms.Form):
     ...     age = forms.IntegerField()
     ...     nationality = forms.CharField()
-    ...     captcha_answer = forms.IntegerField(label='2 + 2', label_suffix=' =')
-    >>> f = ContactForm(label_suffix='?')
+    ...     captcha_answer = forms.IntegerField(label="2 + 2", label_suffix=" =")
+    ...
+    >>> f = ContactForm(label_suffix="?")
     >>> print(f.as_p())
     <p><label for="id_age">Age?</label> <input id="id_age" name="age" type="number" required></p>
     <p><label for="id_nationality">Nationality?</label> <input id="id_nationality" name="nationality" type="text" required></p>
@@ -170,9 +172,10 @@ field is initialized to a particular value. For example:
 
     >>> from django import forms
     >>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):
-    ...     name = forms.CharField(initial='Your name')
-    ...     url = forms.URLField(initial='http://')
+    ...     name = forms.CharField(initial="Your name")
+    ...     url = forms.URLField(initial="http://")
     ...     comment = forms.CharField()
+    ...
     >>> f = CommentForm(auto_id=False)
     >>> print(f)
     <tr><th>Name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" value="Your name" required></td></tr>
@@ -189,7 +192,8 @@ and the HTML output will include any validation errors:
     ...     name = forms.CharField()
     ...     url = forms.URLField()
     ...     comment = forms.CharField()
-    >>> default_data = {'name': 'Your name', 'url': 'http://'}
+    ...
+    >>> default_data = {"name": "Your name", "url": "http://"}
     >>> f = CommentForm(default_data, auto_id=False)
     >>> print(f)
     <tr><th>Name:</th><td><input type="text" name="name" value="Your name" required></td></tr>
@@ -206,10 +210,11 @@ validation if a particular field's value is not given. ``initial`` values are
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
     >>> class CommentForm(forms.Form):
-    ...     name = forms.CharField(initial='Your name')
-    ...     url = forms.URLField(initial='http://')
+    ...     name = forms.CharField(initial="Your name")
+    ...     url = forms.URLField(initial="http://")
     ...     comment = forms.CharField()
-    >>> data = {'name': '', 'url': '', 'comment': 'Foo'}
+    ...
+    >>> data = {"name": "", "url": "", "comment": "Foo"}
     >>> f = CommentForm(data)
     >>> f.is_valid()
     False
@@ -224,6 +229,7 @@ Instead of a constant, you can also pass any callable:
     >>> import datetime
     >>> class DateForm(forms.Form):
     ...     day = forms.DateField(initial=datetime.date.today)
+    ...
     >>> print(DateForm())
     <tr><th>Day:</th><td><input type="text" name="day" value="12/23/2008" required><td></tr>
 
@@ -257,10 +263,11 @@ fields. We've specified ``auto_id=False`` to simplify the output:
 
     >>> from django import forms
     >>> class HelpTextContactForm(forms.Form):
-    ...     subject = forms.CharField(max_length=100, help_text='100 characters max.')
+    ...     subject = forms.CharField(max_length=100, help_text="100 characters max.")
     ...     message = forms.CharField()
-    ...     sender = forms.EmailField(help_text='A valid email address, please.')
+    ...     sender = forms.EmailField(help_text="A valid email address, please.")
     ...     cc_myself = forms.BooleanField(required=False)
+    ...
     >>> f = HelpTextContactForm(auto_id=False)
     >>> print(f.as_table())
     <tr><th>Subject:</th><td><input type="text" name="subject" maxlength="100" required><br><span class="helptext">100 characters max.</span></td></tr>
@@ -291,7 +298,7 @@ want to override. For example, here is the default error message:
 
     >>> from django import forms
     >>> generic = forms.CharField()
-    >>> generic.clean('')
+    >>> generic.clean("")
     Traceback (most recent call last):
       ...
     ValidationError: ['This field is required.']
@@ -300,8 +307,8 @@ And here is a custom error message:
 
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
-    >>> name = forms.CharField(error_messages={'required': 'Please enter your name'})
-    >>> name.clean('')
+    >>> name = forms.CharField(error_messages={"required": "Please enter your name"})
+    >>> name.clean("")
     Traceback (most recent call last):
       ...
     ValidationError: ['Please enter your name']
@@ -764,12 +771,13 @@ For each field, we describe the default widget used if you don't specify
         >>> from django.core.files.uploadedfile import SimpleUploadedFile
         >>> class ImageForm(forms.Form):
         ...     img = forms.ImageField()
-        >>> file_data = {'img': SimpleUploadedFile('test.png', b"file data")}
+        ...
+        >>> file_data = {"img": SimpleUploadedFile("test.png", b"file data")}
         >>> form = ImageForm({}, file_data)
         # Pillow closes the underlying file descriptor.
         >>> form.is_valid()
         True
-        >>> image_field = form.cleaned_data['img']
+        >>> image_field = form.cleaned_data["img"]
         >>> image_field.image
         <PIL.PngImagePlugin.PngImageFile image mode=RGBA size=191x287 at 0x7F5985045C18>
         >>> image_field.image.width
@@ -913,9 +921,9 @@ For each field, we describe the default widget used if you don't specify
         NullBooleanField(
             widget=Select(
                 choices=[
-                    ('', 'Unknown'),
-                    (True, 'Yes'),
-                    (False, 'No'),
+                    ("", "Unknown"),
+                    (True, "Yes"),
+                    (False, "No"),
                 ]
             )
         )
@@ -1162,32 +1170,35 @@ Slightly complex built-in ``Field`` classes
 
             from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
 
+
             class PhoneField(MultiValueField):
                 def __init__(self, **kwargs):
                     # Define one message for all fields.
                     error_messages = {
-                        'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code and a phone number.',
+                        "incomplete": "Enter a country calling code and a phone number.",
                     }
                     # Or define a different message for each field.
                     fields = (
                         CharField(
-                            error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a country calling code.'},
+                            error_messages={"incomplete": "Enter a country calling code."},
                             validators=[
-                                RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid country calling code.'),
+                                RegexValidator(r"^[0-9]+$", "Enter a valid country calling code."),
                             ],
                         ),
                         CharField(
-                            error_messages={'incomplete': 'Enter a phone number.'},
-                            validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid phone number.')],
+                            error_messages={"incomplete": "Enter a phone number."},
+                            validators=[RegexValidator(r"^[0-9]+$", "Enter a valid phone number.")],
                         ),
                         CharField(
-                            validators=[RegexValidator(r'^[0-9]+$', 'Enter a valid extension.')],
+                            validators=[RegexValidator(r"^[0-9]+$", "Enter a valid extension.")],
                             required=False,
                         ),
                     )
                     super().__init__(
-                        error_messages=error_messages, fields=fields,
-                        require_all_fields=False, **kwargs
+                        error_messages=error_messages,
+                        fields=fields,
+                        require_all_fields=False,
+                        **kwargs
                     )
 
     .. attribute:: MultiValueField.widget
@@ -1259,7 +1270,7 @@ method::
 
         def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
             super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-            self.fields['foo_select'].queryset = ...
+            self.fields["foo_select"].queryset = ...
 
 Both ``ModelChoiceField`` and ``ModelMultipleChoiceField`` have an ``iterator``
 attribute which specifies the class used to iterate over the queryset when
@@ -1372,6 +1383,7 @@ generating choices. See :ref:`iterating-relationship-choices` for details.
 
         from django.forms import ModelChoiceField
 
+
         class MyModelChoiceField(ModelChoiceField):
             def label_from_instance(self, obj):
                 return "My Object #%i" % obj.id
@@ -1437,6 +1449,7 @@ For example, consider the following models::
 
     from django.db import models
 
+
     class Topping(models.Model):
         name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
         price = models.DecimalField(decimal_places=2, max_digits=6)
@@ -1444,6 +1457,7 @@ For example, consider the following models::
         def __str__(self):
             return self.name
 
+
     class Pizza(models.Model):
         topping = models.ForeignKey(Topping, on_delete=models.CASCADE)
 
@@ -1453,18 +1467,24 @@ the value of ``Topping.price`` as the HTML attribute ``data-price`` for each
 
     from django import forms
 
+
     class ToppingSelect(forms.Select):
-        def create_option(self, name, value, label, selected, index, subindex=None, attrs=None):
-            option = super().create_option(name, value, label, selected, index, subindex, attrs)
+        def create_option(
+            self, name, value, label, selected, index, subindex=None, attrs=None
+        ):
+            option = super().create_option(
+                name, value, label, selected, index, subindex, attrs
+            )
             if value:
-                option['attrs']['data-price'] = value.instance.price
+                option["attrs"]["data-price"] = value.instance.price
             return option
 
+
     class PizzaForm(forms.ModelForm):
         class Meta:
             model = Pizza
-            fields = ['topping']
-            widgets = {'topping': ToppingSelect}
+            fields = ["topping"]
+            widgets = {"topping": ToppingSelect}
 
 This will render the ``Pizza.topping`` select as:
 
diff --git a/docs/ref/forms/renderers.txt b/docs/ref/forms/renderers.txt
index 56ed0f6898..3bc4a91dca 100644
--- a/docs/ref/forms/renderers.txt
+++ b/docs/ref/forms/renderers.txt
@@ -174,7 +174,8 @@ Using this renderer along with the built-in templates requires either:
   of one of your template engines. To generate that path::
 
     import django
-    django.__path__[0] + '/forms/templates'  # or '/forms/jinja2'
+
+    django.__path__[0] + "/forms/templates"  # or '/forms/jinja2'
 
 Using this renderer requires you to make sure the form templates your project
 needs can be located.
diff --git a/docs/ref/forms/validation.txt b/docs/ref/forms/validation.txt
index c3fa968bdb..a2b3fb4885 100644
--- a/docs/ref/forms/validation.txt
+++ b/docs/ref/forms/validation.txt
@@ -120,22 +120,22 @@ following guidelines:
 * Provide a descriptive error ``code`` to the constructor::
 
       # Good
-      ValidationError(_('Invalid value'), code='invalid')
+      ValidationError(_("Invalid value"), code="invalid")
 
       # Bad
-      ValidationError(_('Invalid value'))
+      ValidationError(_("Invalid value"))
 
 * Don't coerce variables into the message; use placeholders and the ``params``
   argument of the constructor::
 
       # Good
       ValidationError(
-          _('Invalid value: %(value)s'),
-          params={'value': '42'},
+          _("Invalid value: %(value)s"),
+          params={"value": "42"},
       )
 
       # Bad
-      ValidationError(_('Invalid value: %s') % value)
+      ValidationError(_("Invalid value: %s") % value)
 
 * Use mapping keys instead of positional formatting. This enables putting
   the variables in any order or omitting them altogether when rewriting the
@@ -143,30 +143,30 @@ following guidelines:
 
       # Good
       ValidationError(
-          _('Invalid value: %(value)s'),
-          params={'value': '42'},
+          _("Invalid value: %(value)s"),
+          params={"value": "42"},
       )
 
       # Bad
       ValidationError(
-          _('Invalid value: %s'),
-          params=('42',),
+          _("Invalid value: %s"),
+          params=("42",),
       )
 
 * Wrap the message with ``gettext`` to enable translation::
 
       # Good
-      ValidationError(_('Invalid value'))
+      ValidationError(_("Invalid value"))
 
       # Bad
-      ValidationError('Invalid value')
+      ValidationError("Invalid value")
 
 Putting it all together::
 
     raise ValidationError(
-        _('Invalid value: %(value)s'),
-        code='invalid',
-        params={'value': '42'},
+        _("Invalid value: %(value)s"),
+        code="invalid",
+        params={"value": "42"},
     )
 
 Following these guidelines is particularly necessary if you write reusable
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ While not recommended, if you are at the end of the validation chain
 (i.e. your form ``clean()`` method) and you know you will *never* need
 to override your error message you can still opt for the less verbose::
 
-    ValidationError(_('Invalid value: %s') % value)
+    ValidationError(_("Invalid value: %s") % value)
 
 The :meth:`Form.errors.as_data() <django.forms.Form.errors.as_data()>` and
 :meth:`Form.errors.as_json() <django.forms.Form.errors.as_json()>` methods
@@ -194,16 +194,20 @@ As above, it is recommended to pass a list of ``ValidationError`` instances
 with ``code``\s and ``params`` but a list of strings will also work::
 
     # Good
-    raise ValidationError([
-        ValidationError(_('Error 1'), code='error1'),
-        ValidationError(_('Error 2'), code='error2'),
-    ])
+    raise ValidationError(
+        [
+            ValidationError(_("Error 1"), code="error1"),
+            ValidationError(_("Error 2"), code="error2"),
+        ]
+    )
 
     # Bad
-    raise ValidationError([
-        _('Error 1'),
-        _('Error 2'),
-    ])
+    raise ValidationError(
+        [
+            _("Error 1"),
+            _("Error 2"),
+        ]
+    )
 
 Using validation in practice
 ============================
@@ -232,6 +236,7 @@ at Django's ``SlugField``::
     from django.core import validators
     from django.forms import CharField
 
+
     class SlugField(CharField):
         default_validators = [validators.validate_slug]
 
@@ -262,13 +267,14 @@ containing comma-separated email addresses. The full class looks like this::
     from django import forms
     from django.core.validators import validate_email
 
+
     class MultiEmailField(forms.Field):
         def to_python(self, value):
             """Normalize data to a list of strings."""
             # Return an empty list if no input was given.
             if not value:
                 return []
-            return value.split(',')
+            return value.split(",")
 
         def validate(self, value):
             """Check if value consists only of valid emails."""
@@ -307,12 +313,13 @@ write a cleaning method that operates on the ``recipients`` field, like so::
     from django import forms
     from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
 
+
     class ContactForm(forms.Form):
         # Everything as before.
         ...
 
         def clean_recipients(self):
-            data = self.cleaned_data['recipients']
+            data = self.cleaned_data["recipients"]
             if "fred@example.com" not in data:
                 raise ValidationError("You have forgotten about Fred!")
 
@@ -349,6 +356,7 @@ example::
     from django import forms
     from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
 
+
     class ContactForm(forms.Form):
         # Everything as before.
         ...
@@ -362,8 +370,7 @@ example::
                 # Only do something if both fields are valid so far.
                 if "help" not in subject:
                     raise ValidationError(
-                        "Did not send for 'help' in the subject despite "
-                        "CC'ing yourself."
+                        "Did not send for 'help' in the subject despite " "CC'ing yourself."
                     )
 
 In this code, if the validation error is raised, the form will display an
@@ -392,6 +399,7 @@ work out what works effectively in your particular situation. Our new code
 
     from django import forms
 
+
     class ContactForm(forms.Form):
         # Everything as before.
         ...
@@ -403,8 +411,8 @@ work out what works effectively in your particular situation. Our new code
 
             if cc_myself and subject and "help" not in subject:
                 msg = "Must put 'help' in subject when cc'ing yourself."
-                self.add_error('cc_myself', msg)
-                self.add_error('subject', msg)
+                self.add_error("cc_myself", msg)
+                self.add_error("subject", msg)
 
 The second argument of ``add_error()`` can be a string, or preferably an
 instance of ``ValidationError``. See :ref:`raising-validation-error` for more
diff --git a/docs/ref/forms/widgets.txt b/docs/ref/forms/widgets.txt
index 729bbc718e..314bd72dc1 100644
--- a/docs/ref/forms/widgets.txt
+++ b/docs/ref/forms/widgets.txt
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ use the :attr:`~Field.widget` argument on the field definition. For example::
 
     from django import forms
 
+
     class CommentForm(forms.Form):
         name = forms.CharField()
         url = forms.URLField()
@@ -56,15 +57,18 @@ widget on the field. In the following example, the
 
     from django import forms
 
-    BIRTH_YEAR_CHOICES = ['1980', '1981', '1982']
+    BIRTH_YEAR_CHOICES = ["1980", "1981", "1982"]
     FAVORITE_COLORS_CHOICES = [
-        ('blue', 'Blue'),
-        ('green', 'Green'),
-        ('black', 'Black'),
+        ("blue", "Blue"),
+        ("green", "Green"),
+        ("black", "Black"),
     ]
 
+
     class SimpleForm(forms.Form):
-        birth_year = forms.DateField(widget=forms.SelectDateWidget(years=BIRTH_YEAR_CHOICES))
+        birth_year = forms.DateField(
+            widget=forms.SelectDateWidget(years=BIRTH_YEAR_CHOICES)
+        )
         favorite_colors = forms.MultipleChoiceField(
             required=False,
             widget=forms.CheckboxSelectMultiple,
@@ -91,14 +95,14 @@ example:
 .. code-block:: pycon
 
     >>> from django import forms
-    >>> CHOICES = [('1', 'First'), ('2', 'Second')]
+    >>> CHOICES = [("1", "First"), ("2", "Second")]
     >>> choice_field = forms.ChoiceField(widget=forms.RadioSelect, choices=CHOICES)
     >>> choice_field.choices
     [('1', 'First'), ('2', 'Second')]
     >>> choice_field.widget.choices
     [('1', 'First'), ('2', 'Second')]
     >>> choice_field.widget.choices = []
-    >>> choice_field.choices = [('1', 'First and only')]
+    >>> choice_field.choices = [("1", "First and only")]
     >>> choice_field.widget.choices
     [('1', 'First and only')]
 
@@ -132,6 +136,7 @@ For example, take the following form::
 
     from django import forms
 
+
     class CommentForm(forms.Form):
         name = forms.CharField()
         url = forms.URLField()
@@ -156,9 +161,9 @@ the 'type' attribute to take advantage of the new HTML5 input types.  To do
 this, you use the :attr:`Widget.attrs` argument when creating the widget::
 
     class CommentForm(forms.Form):
-        name = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'special'}))
+        name = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "special"}))
         url = forms.URLField()
-        comment = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'size': '40'}))
+        comment = forms.CharField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={"size": "40"}))
 
 You can also modify a widget in the form definition::
 
@@ -167,8 +172,8 @@ You can also modify a widget in the form definition::
         url = forms.URLField()
         comment = forms.CharField()
 
-        name.widget.attrs.update({'class': 'special'})
-        comment.widget.attrs.update(size='40')
+        name.widget.attrs.update({"class": "special"})
+        comment.widget.attrs.update(size="40")
 
 Or if the field isn't declared directly on the form (such as model form fields),
 you can use the :attr:`Form.fields` attribute::
@@ -176,8 +181,8 @@ you can use the :attr:`Form.fields` attribute::
     class CommentForm(forms.ModelForm):
         def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
             super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-            self.fields['name'].widget.attrs.update({'class': 'special'})
-            self.fields['comment'].widget.attrs.update(size='40')
+            self.fields["name"].widget.attrs.update({"class": "special"})
+            self.fields["comment"].widget.attrs.update(size="40")
 
 Django will then include the extra attributes in the rendered output:
 
@@ -231,8 +236,8 @@ foundation for custom widgets.
         .. code-block:: pycon
 
             >>> from django import forms
-            >>> name = forms.TextInput(attrs={'size': 10, 'title': 'Your name'})
-            >>> name.render('name', 'A name')
+            >>> name = forms.TextInput(attrs={"size": 10, "title": "Your name"})
+            >>> name.render("name", "A name")
             '<input title="Your name" type="text" name="name" value="A name" size="10">'
 
         If you assign a value of ``True`` or ``False`` to an attribute,
@@ -240,12 +245,12 @@ foundation for custom widgets.
 
         .. code-block:: pycon
 
-            >>> name = forms.TextInput(attrs={'required': True})
-            >>> name.render('name', 'A name')
+            >>> name = forms.TextInput(attrs={"required": True})
+            >>> name.render("name", "A name")
             '<input name="name" type="text" value="A name" required>'
             >>>
-            >>> name = forms.TextInput(attrs={'required': False})
-            >>> name.render('name', 'A name')
+            >>> name = forms.TextInput(attrs={"required": False})
+            >>> name.render("name", "A name")
             '<input name="name" type="text" value="A name">'
 
     .. attribute:: Widget.supports_microseconds
@@ -375,7 +380,7 @@ foundation for custom widgets.
 
             >>> from django.forms import MultiWidget, TextInput
             >>> widget = MultiWidget(widgets=[TextInput, TextInput])
-            >>> widget.render('name', ['john', 'paul'])
+            >>> widget.render("name", ["john", "paul"])
             '<input type="text" name="name_0" value="john"><input type="text" name="name_1" value="paul">'
 
         You may provide a dictionary in order to specify custom suffixes for
@@ -387,8 +392,8 @@ foundation for custom widgets.
 
         .. code-block:: pycon
 
-            >>> widget = MultiWidget(widgets={'': TextInput, 'last': TextInput})
-            >>> widget.render('name', ['john', 'paul'])
+            >>> widget = MultiWidget(widgets={"": TextInput, "last": TextInput})
+            >>> widget.render("name", ["john", "paul"])
             '<input type="text" name="name" value="john"><input type="text" name="name_last" value="paul">'
 
     And one required method:
@@ -411,8 +416,8 @@ foundation for custom widgets.
 
             from django.forms import MultiWidget
 
-            class SplitDateTimeWidget(MultiWidget):
 
+            class SplitDateTimeWidget(MultiWidget):
                 # ...
 
                 def decompress(self, value):
@@ -452,6 +457,7 @@ foundation for custom widgets.
         from datetime import date
         from django import forms
 
+
         class DateSelectorWidget(forms.MultiWidget):
             def __init__(self, attrs=None):
                 days = [(day, day) for day in range(1, 32)]
@@ -468,14 +474,14 @@ foundation for custom widgets.
                 if isinstance(value, date):
                     return [value.day, value.month, value.year]
                 elif isinstance(value, str):
-                    year, month, day = value.split('-')
+                    year, month, day = value.split("-")
                     return [day, month, year]
                 return [None, None, None]
 
             def value_from_datadict(self, data, files, name):
                 day, month, year = super().value_from_datadict(data, files, name)
                 # DateField expects a single string that it can parse into a date.
-                return '{}-{}-{}'.format(year, month, day)
+                return "{}-{}-{}".format(year, month, day)
 
     The constructor creates several :class:`Select` widgets in a list. The
     ``super()`` method uses this list to set up the widget.
@@ -954,9 +960,18 @@ Composite widgets
         the values are the displayed months::
 
             MONTHS = {
-                1:_('jan'), 2:_('feb'), 3:_('mar'), 4:_('apr'),
-                5:_('may'), 6:_('jun'), 7:_('jul'), 8:_('aug'),
-                9:_('sep'), 10:_('oct'), 11:_('nov'), 12:_('dec')
+                1: _("jan"),
+                2: _("feb"),
+                3: _("mar"),
+                4: _("apr"),
+                5: _("may"),
+                6: _("jun"),
+                7: _("jul"),
+                8: _("aug"),
+                9: _("sep"),
+                10: _("oct"),
+                11: _("nov"),
+                12: _("dec"),
             }
 
     .. attribute:: SelectDateWidget.empty_label
-- 
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